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Bacteriology > AST > Flashcards

AST Flashcards

1
Q

Performed on bacteria isolated from clinical specimens

A

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

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2
Q

Overall profile of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, result of a specific microorganism to a battery of antimicrobial gram

A

Antibiogram

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3
Q

is the normal flora of lower gastrointestinal tract

A

Escherichia Coli

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4
Q

Characteristic of E.coli

A

Greenish metallic sheen, colonial macroscopic

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5
Q

Normal flora of Throat

A

Streptococcus viridans

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6
Q

standardized apparatus

A

Vortex

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7
Q

decrease pH, some antibiotic might be affected

A

It leads to decrease activity against the antibiotic Aminoglycoside, Erythromycin, Clindamycin but increased activity against Tetracyline

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8
Q

increase pH, some antibiotic might be affected

A

It leads to increase activity against the antibiotic Aminoglycoside, Erythromycin, Clindamycin but decreased activity against Tetracyline

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9
Q

If cation concentration decrease, what would be the effect?

A

Cation concentration pag decrease, increase activity of aminoglycoside against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and increase activity of tetracycline to all organism

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10
Q

If cation concentration increase, what would be the effect?

A

decrease activity amino glycoside against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, decrease activity to tetracycline to all organism.

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11
Q

Why Moeller Hinton agar?

A

It is good batch to batch in uniformity and low tetracycline sulfonamide inhibitor

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12
Q

Incubation atmosphere

A

Humidifier/ ambient air

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13
Q

If decrease ang atmosphere what is the effect to the carbon dioxide?

A

increase ang carbon dioxide, which can alter the activity of certain antibiotics

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14
Q

Incubation duration: Disk diffusion: __

A

16-18 hrs

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15
Q

Incubation duration: Broth diffusion: __

A

16-20 hrs

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16
Q

Thymidine content: If decrease

A

No effect

17
Q

Thymidine content: If increase?

A

It leads to false resistant it affects suldonamide and trimethoprim

18
Q

Measure activity of one or more antimicrobial agents (conventional susceptibility testing method is

A

broth dilution, agar dilution and disk diffusion

19
Q

Methods that directly specific resistant mechanism

A

genotypic and phenotypic methods

20
Q

Commercially available and widely used standard

A

0.5 McFarland Standard

21
Q

0.5 McFarland Standard Corresponds to ____

A

1.5 X 108 CFU/ml

22
Q

What is the preparation for Mcfarland standard?

A

99.5ml 1% Sulfuric Acid +
0.5 ml 1.175% Barium chloride

23
Q

Antimicrobials to which the organism is intrinsically resistant are routinely excluded from the test battery (e.g., vancomycin versus gram-negative bacilli). Similarly, certain antimicrobials were developed specifically for use against particular organ- isms, but not against others (eg., ceftazidime for use against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not against Staphylococcus aureus); such agents should be included only in the appropri- ate battery.

A

Organism Identification or Group

24
Q

If resistance to a particular agent is common, the utility of the agent may be sufficiently limited and routine testing is not warranted. More potent antimicrobials are then included in the test battery. Conversely, more potent agents may not need to be in the test battery if susceptibility to less potent agents is highly prevalent.

A

Acquired Resistance Patterns Common to Local Microbial Flora

25
Q

Depending on the testing method, some agents do not reliably detect resistance and should not be included in the battery.

A

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Method Used

26
Q

Some antimicrobial agents, such as nitrofurantoin, achieve effective levels only in the urinary tract and should not be included in batteries tested against bacterial isolates from other body sites

A

Site of Infection

27
Q

Antimicrobial test batteries are selected for their ability to detect bacterial resistance to agents used by the medical staff and accessible in the pharmacy

A

Availability of Antimicrobial Agents in the Formulary

28
Q

Commonly used in vitro tests in the laboratory

A

Disk diffusion method

29
Q

Composition of Mueller Hinton

A

contains beef infusion, nucleic acid, vitamins, casein hydro nucleic acid

30
Q

As the agent diffuses farther, the concentration decreases until it reaches a point when the bacterial growth is not anymore inhibited

A

ZONE OF INHIBITION

31
Q

you should not place the antibiotic in the edge, place it in ___ to __ millimeter from the edge of petri dish. —- millimeter to avoid overlapping

A

you should not place the antibiotic in the edge, place it in 10 to 15 millimeter from the edge of petri dish. 24 millimeter to avoid overlapping

Bacteriology (3 decks)

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