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Step 1 Review > Associations in Immuno, Path, Cancer > Flashcards

Associations in Immuno, Path, Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-AChR

A

Myasthenia gravis

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2
Q

Anti-basement membrane

A

Goodpasture syndrome

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3
Q

Anti-cardiolipin, Lupus anticoagulant

A

SLE, Anti-phospholipid syndrome

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4
Q

Anticentromere

A

Limited scleroderma

CREST syndrome

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5
Q

Anti-desmoglein

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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6
Q

Anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith

A

SLE

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7
Q

Anti-glutamate decarboxylase

A

DM1

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8
Q

Anti-hemidesmosome

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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9
Q

Antihistone

A

drug-induced lupus

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10
Q

Anti-Jo1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi2

A

Polymyositis, dermatomyositis
Jo1 = histidyl tRNA synthetase
SRP = signal recognition particle (translocates new proteins into the ER)
Mi2 = DNA helicase

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11
Q

Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

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12
Q

Antimitochondrial

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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13
Q

Antinuclear anitbodies

A

SLE, nonspecific

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14
Q

Anti-smooth muscle

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

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15
Q

Anti-SSA, Anti-SSB (anti-Ro, anti-La)

A

Sjörgen syndrome

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16
Q

Anti-TSH receptor

A

Graves disease

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17
Q

Anti-U1 RNP

A

MCTD

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18
Q

Anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase)

A

Scleroderma (diffuse)

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19
Q

c-ANCA

A

PR3-ANCA

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

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20
Q

IgA antiendomysial, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase

A

Celiac’s disease

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21
Q

p-ANCA

A

MPO-ANCA

Microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome

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22
Q

RF, anti-CCP

A

RF = anti-IgG Fc region; most commonly IgM or IgG type
CCP = Cyclic-citrullinated peptide; more specific for RA than RF because it’s an exogenous antigen that gets deposited in the joints, also produced by synovial tissue B cells
Rheumatoid Arthritis

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23
Q

BCR-ABL

A

TK - t(9;22) Philedelphia

defines CML, also in some types of ALL

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24
Q

bcl-2

A

anti-apoptotic molecule

t(14;18) –> follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas

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25
Q

BRAF

A

serine/threonine kinase

Melanoma

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26
Q

c-Kit

A

cytokine [GF] receptor

GIST

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27
Q

C-myc

A

transcription factor

t(8;14) –> Burkitt lymphoma (myc moves to the “On” gene - Ig heavy chain on Chr14)

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28
Q

HER2/neu

A

Tyrosine kinase

Breast, ovarian, and gastric carcinoma

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29
Q

L-myc

A

transcription factor

Lung tumor

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30
Q

N-myc

A

transcription factor

Neuroblastoma

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31
Q

ras

A

GTPase (2nd messenger, becomes const. active because it loses its sidekick regulator, GAP)
colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer
+ melanoma, lymphoma

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32
Q

RET

A

tyrosine kinase

MEN2A and 2B; sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma

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33
Q

APC

A

Colorectal cancer

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34
Q

BRCA1/2

A

DNA repair protein

Breast and ovarian cancer

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35
Q

CPD4/SMAD4

A

DPC (protein that’s literally called “Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer”)
Pancreatic cancer

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36
Q

DCC

A

DCC (protein that’s literally called “Deleted in Colon Cancer”)
Colon cancer

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37
Q

MEN1

A

MEN type 1

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38
Q

NF1

A

RAS GTPase activating protein

Neurofibromatosis 1

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39
Q

NF2

A

Merlin (schwannomin) protein

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40
Q

p16

A

CDK2A

Melanoma

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41
Q

P53

A

TF for p21; blocks G1–>S phase

Most human cancers; Li-Fraumeni syndrome

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42
Q

PTEN

A

Breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer

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43
Q

Rb

A

Inhibits E2F; blocks G1–>S phase

Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma

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44
Q

TSC1

A

Hamartin protein

Tuberous sclerosis

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45
Q

TSC2

A

Tuberin protein

Tuberous sclerosis

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46
Q

VHL

A

VHL inhibits HIF1a

VHL disease -

47
Q

WT1/2

A

Wilms tumor, nephroblastoma

48
Q

Alkaline phosphatase

A

Mets to bone, liver, Paget disease of bone, seminoma (placental ALP)

49
Q

AFP

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac tumor, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor

50
Q

beta-HCG

A

HCG: Hyatidiform mole, Choriocarcinoma (Gestational trophoblastic disease)

51
Q

CA-15-3/CA-27-9

A

Breast cancer

52
Q

CA-19-9

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

53
Q

CA-125

A

Ovarian cancer

54
Q

Calcitonin

A

medullary thyroid carcinoma

55
Q

CEA

A

CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen
Non-specific but produced by ~70% of CRC and Pancreatic cancer; also produced by gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid ca.

56
Q

PSA

A

Prostate specific antigen

Follows prostate adenocarcinoma

57
Q

S-100

A

tumors of neural crest cell origin

- melanomas, schwannomas, neural tumors, Langerhans cell histiocytosis

58
Q

TRAP

A

Tartate Resistant Acid Phosphatase
Hairy cell leukemia (B cell neoplasm)
“TRAP the Hairy animal”

59
Q

EBV

A

Burkitt lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
CNS lymphoma (IC’d)
nasopharyngeal carcinoma

60
Q

HBV/HCV

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

61
Q

HHV-8

A

Kaposi sarcoma

Body cavity fluid B cell lymphoma

62
Q

HPV

A

Cervical, penile, anal carcinoma (strains 16/18, 31/33)

Head/Neck/Throat cancer

63
Q

HTLV-1

A

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

64
Q

H. pylori

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

MALT lymphoma

65
Q

Liver fluke

A

Clonorchis sinensis

Cholangiocarcinoma

66
Q

Schistosoma haematobium

A

Bladder cancer (squamous cell)

67
Q

Aflatoxins

A

Liver –> Hepatocellular carcinoma

68
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Blood –> Leukemia/lymphoma

69
Q

Aromatic amines

A

Bladder –> Transitional cell carcinoma

70
Q

IL-1

A
  • affects BBB

- anakinra blocks IL-1 receptors

71
Q

IL-2

A
  • produced by APCs, Th cells

- stimulates CD4 Th cells

72
Q

IL-3

A
  • stimulate differentiation of HSC into myeloid precursor cells (granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, platelets)
  • also: stimulates growth of mast cells and promotes histamine release
73
Q

IL-4

A
  • produced by T cells
  • stimulates B cells, esp. IgE production
  • inhibits Th1 cells
74
Q

IL-5

A
  • produced by T cells
  • stimulates B cells, esp. IgA production
  • activates eosiniphils
75
Q

IL-6

A
  • produced by Th2 cells, endothelial cells, MPs, dendritic cells, B cells
  • stimulates acute phase reactants
76
Q

IL-7

A
  • stimulates B and T cell development
77
Q

IL-8

A
  • important chemotactic for NTs
78
Q

IL-10

A
  • produced by Th2 cells

- inhibits Th1 cells

79
Q

IL-12

A
  • stimulates Th1 cells
80
Q

IL-13

A
  • enhances IgE production

- stimulates epithelial cell mucus secretion

81
Q

IL-17

A
  • produced by Th17 cells
82
Q

LTB4

A

highly chemotactic for NTs, eo’s, and monocytes

83
Q

LTC4

A
  • increase vascular permeability

- cause bronchospasm

84
Q

LTD4

A
  • increase vascular permeability

- cause bronchospasm

85
Q

LTE4

A
  • increase vascular permeability

- cause bronchospasm

86
Q

ATM

A
  • supposed to encode a kinase that repairs dsDNA breaks
  • AR mutation causes ataxia telangiectasia
  • defective gene splicing/rearranging in B cells –> deficient IgG/A/E
87
Q

HLA-DR5

A
  • pernicious anemia

- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

88
Q

HLA-DR2

A
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Hay fever
  • SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)
  • Goodpasture syndrome
89
Q

HLA-DQ2/8

A

Celiac disease

90
Q

HLA-DR3

A
  • Graves disease
  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus
  • Hashimoto thyroiditis
  • SLE(systemic lupus erythematosus)
91
Q

HLA-DR4

A
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Type I diabetes mellitus
  • Temporal (giant cell) arteritis
92
Q

MHC I encoded by?

A

HLA-A/B/C

93
Q

MHC II encoded by?

A

HLA-DQ/DR/DP

94
Q

HLA-A3

A

hemochromatosis

95
Q

HLA-B27

A

“PAIR”:

  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • Anklyosing spondylitis
  • IBD
  • Reiter syndrome (aka Reactive arthritis)
96
Q

PDGF

A

astrocytoma

97
Q

CCND1

A

cyclin D1, from t(11;14)

Mantle cell lymphoma

98
Q

CDK4

A

amplification CDK

Melanoma

99
Q

Which oncogene translocations involve chromosome 14?

A

Chr 14 = Ig heavy chain gene
t(8;14) –> c-myc; Burkitt lymphoma
t(11;14) –> cyclin D1; Mantle cell lymphoma
t(14;18) –> Bcl2; follicular lymmphoma

100
Q

How do p53 and Rb regulate cell cycle?

A

p53 - stops and induces DNA repair; if no repair then induces apoptosis; if p53 is mutated then there’s no one to stop and induce repairs/apoptosis
Rb - holds e2F TF until Rb is phosphorylated off by cyclin-CDK complex; if Rb is mutated then e2F is always on

101
Q

Vimentin

A

IHC stain for mesenchymal tissue (intermediate filament)

102
Q

Desmin

A

IHC stain for muscle (intermediate filament)

103
Q

GFAP

A

IHC stain for neuroglia (intermediate filament)

104
Q

Neurofilament

A

IHC stain for neurons (intermediate filament)

105
Q

Keratin

A

IHC stain for epithelium (intermediate filament)

106
Q

Chromogranin

A

IHC stain for neuroendocrine cells

107
Q

Thyroglobulin

A

IHC stain for thyroid follicular cells

108
Q

CD34

A

cell surface marker for the hematopoietic stem cell

109
Q

Zinc

A

co-factor for collagenase which will convert type 3–>1 collagen in wound healing

110
Q

Vitamin C

A

co-factor for lysyl and prolyl hydroxylase for hydroxylation of collagen

111
Q

BMPR2

A

gene which when mutated (LOF) causes Pulmonary HTN (familial cases) by smooth muscle proliferation
*Plexiform lesions are also associated with PHTN (of any etiology)

112
Q

Cu

A

Cofactors needed for lysyl oxidase for cross linking collagen

113
Q

t(15;17)

A

PML(15)-RARA(17)
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APML) - aka the M3 variant of AML
Fusion gene that codes for an abnormal Retinoic acid receptor, which then goes and inhibits myeloblast differentiation; treat with all-trans retinoic acid (inhibits the weird RARA and cells are free to differentiate)

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