Associations in Immuno, Path, Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
Anti-AChR
A
Myasthenia gravis
2
Q
Anti-basement membrane
A
Goodpasture syndrome
3
Q
Anti-cardiolipin, Lupus anticoagulant
A
SLE, Anti-phospholipid syndrome
4
Q
Anticentromere
A
Limited scleroderma
CREST syndrome
5
Q
Anti-desmoglein
A
Pemphigus vulgaris
6
Q
Anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith
A
SLE
7
Q
Anti-glutamate decarboxylase
A
DM1
8
Q
Anti-hemidesmosome
A
Bullous pemphigoid
9
Q
Antihistone
A
drug-induced lupus
10
Q
Anti-Jo1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi2
A
Polymyositis, dermatomyositis
Jo1 = histidyl tRNA synthetase
SRP = signal recognition particle (translocates new proteins into the ER)
Mi2 = DNA helicase
11
Q
Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin
A
Hashimoto thyroiditis
12
Q
Antimitochondrial
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis
13
Q
Antinuclear anitbodies
A
SLE, nonspecific
14
Q
Anti-smooth muscle
A
Autoimmune hepatitis
15
Q
Anti-SSA, Anti-SSB (anti-Ro, anti-La)
A
Sjörgen syndrome
16
Q
Anti-TSH receptor
A
Graves disease
17
Q
Anti-U1 RNP
A
MCTD
18
Q
Anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase)
A
Scleroderma (diffuse)
19
Q
c-ANCA
A
PR3-ANCA
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
20
Q
IgA antiendomysial, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase
A
Celiac’s disease
21
Q
p-ANCA
A
MPO-ANCA
Microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome
22
Q
RF, anti-CCP
A
RF = anti-IgG Fc region; most commonly IgM or IgG type
CCP = Cyclic-citrullinated peptide; more specific for RA than RF because it’s an exogenous antigen that gets deposited in the joints, also produced by synovial tissue B cells
Rheumatoid Arthritis
23
Q
BCR-ABL
A
TK - t(9;22) Philedelphia
defines CML, also in some types of ALL
24
Q
bcl-2
A
anti-apoptotic molecule
t(14;18) –> follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas
25
BRAF
serine/threonine kinase
| Melanoma
26
c-Kit
cytokine [GF] receptor
| GIST
27
C-myc
transcription factor
| t(8;14) --> Burkitt lymphoma (myc moves to the "On" gene - Ig heavy chain on Chr14)
28
HER2/neu
Tyrosine kinase
| Breast, ovarian, and gastric carcinoma
29
L-myc
transcription factor
| Lung tumor
30
N-myc
transcription factor
| Neuroblastoma
31
ras
GTPase (2nd messenger, becomes const. active because it loses its sidekick regulator, GAP)
colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer
+ melanoma, lymphoma
32
RET
tyrosine kinase
| MEN2A and 2B; sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma
33
APC
Colorectal cancer
34
BRCA1/2
DNA repair protein
| Breast and ovarian cancer
35
CPD4/SMAD4
DPC (protein that's literally called "Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer")
Pancreatic cancer
36
DCC
DCC (protein that's literally called "Deleted in Colon Cancer")
Colon cancer
37
MEN1
MEN type 1
38
NF1
RAS GTPase activating protein
| Neurofibromatosis 1
39
NF2
Merlin (schwannomin) protein
40
p16
CDK2A
| Melanoma
41
P53
TF for p21; blocks G1-->S phase
| Most human cancers; Li-Fraumeni syndrome
42
PTEN
Breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer
43
Rb
Inhibits E2F; blocks G1-->S phase
| Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma
44
TSC1
Hamartin protein
| Tuberous sclerosis
45
TSC2
Tuberin protein
| Tuberous sclerosis
46
VHL
VHL inhibits HIF1a
| VHL disease -
47
WT1/2
Wilms tumor, nephroblastoma
48
Alkaline phosphatase
Mets to bone, liver, Paget disease of bone, seminoma (placental ALP)
49
AFP
Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac tumor, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor
50
beta-HCG
HCG: Hyatidiform mole, Choriocarcinoma (Gestational trophoblastic disease)
51
CA-15-3/CA-27-9
Breast cancer
52
CA-19-9
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
53
CA-125
Ovarian cancer
54
Calcitonin
medullary thyroid carcinoma
55
CEA
CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen
Non-specific but produced by ~70% of CRC and Pancreatic cancer; also produced by gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid ca.
56
PSA
Prostate specific antigen
| Follows prostate adenocarcinoma
57
S-100
tumors of neural crest cell origin
| - melanomas, schwannomas, neural tumors, Langerhans cell histiocytosis
58
TRAP
Tartate Resistant Acid Phosphatase
Hairy cell leukemia (B cell neoplasm)
"TRAP the Hairy animal"
59
EBV
Burkitt lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
CNS lymphoma (IC'd)
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
60
HBV/HCV
Hepatocellular carcinoma
61
HHV-8
Kaposi sarcoma
| Body cavity fluid B cell lymphoma
62
HPV
Cervical, penile, anal carcinoma (strains 16/18, 31/33)
| Head/Neck/Throat cancer
63
HTLV-1
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
64
H. pylori
Gastric adenocarcinoma
| MALT lymphoma
65
Liver fluke
Clonorchis sinensis
| Cholangiocarcinoma
66
Schistosoma haematobium
Bladder cancer (squamous cell)
67
Aflatoxins
Liver --> Hepatocellular carcinoma
68
Alkylating agents
Blood --> Leukemia/lymphoma
69
Aromatic amines
Bladder --> Transitional cell carcinoma
70
IL-1
- affects BBB
| - anakinra blocks IL-1 receptors
71
IL-2
- produced by APCs, Th cells
| - stimulates CD4 Th cells
72
IL-3
- stimulate differentiation of HSC into myeloid precursor cells (granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, platelets)
- also: stimulates growth of mast cells and promotes histamine release
73
IL-4
- produced by T cells
- stimulates B cells, esp. IgE production
- inhibits Th1 cells
74
IL-5
- produced by T cells
- stimulates B cells, esp. IgA production
- activates eosiniphils
75
IL-6
- produced by Th2 cells, endothelial cells, MPs, dendritic cells, B cells
- stimulates acute phase reactants
76
IL-7
- stimulates B and T cell development
77
IL-8
- important chemotactic for NTs
78
IL-10
- produced by Th2 cells
| - inhibits Th1 cells
79
IL-12
- stimulates Th1 cells
80
IL-13
- enhances IgE production
| - stimulates epithelial cell mucus secretion
81
IL-17
- produced by Th17 cells
82
LTB4
highly chemotactic for NTs, eo's, and monocytes
83
LTC4
- increase vascular permeability
| - cause bronchospasm
84
LTD4
- increase vascular permeability
| - cause bronchospasm
85
LTE4
- increase vascular permeability
| - cause bronchospasm
86
ATM
- supposed to encode a kinase that repairs dsDNA breaks
- AR mutation causes ataxia telangiectasia
- defective gene splicing/rearranging in B cells --> deficient IgG/A/E
87
HLA-DR5
- pernicious anemia
| - Hashimoto's thyroiditis
88
HLA-DR2
- Multiple sclerosis
- Hay fever
- SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)
- Goodpasture syndrome
89
HLA-DQ2/8
Celiac disease
90
HLA-DR3
- Graves disease
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Hashimoto thyroiditis
- SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)
91
HLA-DR4
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Type I diabetes mellitus
- Temporal (giant cell) arteritis
92
MHC I encoded by?
HLA-A/B/C
93
MHC II encoded by?
HLA-DQ/DR/DP
94
HLA-A3
hemochromatosis
95
HLA-B27
"PAIR":
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Anklyosing spondylitis
- IBD
- Reiter syndrome (aka Reactive arthritis)
96
PDGF
astrocytoma
97
CCND1
cyclin D1, from t(11;14)
| Mantle cell lymphoma
98
CDK4
amplification CDK
| Melanoma
99
Which oncogene translocations involve chromosome 14?
Chr 14 = Ig heavy chain gene
t(8;14) --> c-myc; Burkitt lymphoma
t(11;14) --> cyclin D1; Mantle cell lymphoma
t(14;18) --> Bcl2; follicular lymmphoma
100
How do p53 and Rb regulate cell cycle?
p53 - stops and induces DNA repair; if no repair then induces apoptosis; if p53 is mutated then there's no one to stop and induce repairs/apoptosis
Rb - holds e2F TF until Rb is phosphorylated off by cyclin-CDK complex; if Rb is mutated then e2F is always on
101
Vimentin
IHC stain for mesenchymal tissue (intermediate filament)
102
Desmin
IHC stain for muscle (intermediate filament)
103
GFAP
IHC stain for neuroglia (intermediate filament)
104
Neurofilament
IHC stain for neurons (intermediate filament)
105
Keratin
IHC stain for epithelium (intermediate filament)
106
Chromogranin
IHC stain for neuroendocrine cells
107
Thyroglobulin
IHC stain for thyroid follicular cells
108
CD34
cell surface marker for the hematopoietic stem cell
109
Zinc
co-factor for collagenase which will convert type 3-->1 collagen in wound healing
110
Vitamin C
co-factor for lysyl and prolyl hydroxylase for hydroxylation of collagen
111
BMPR2
gene which when mutated (LOF) causes Pulmonary HTN (familial cases) by smooth muscle proliferation
*Plexiform lesions are also associated with PHTN (of any etiology)
112
Cu
Cofactors needed for lysyl oxidase for cross linking collagen
113
t(15;17)
PML(15)-RARA(17)
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APML) - aka the M3 variant of AML
Fusion gene that codes for an abnormal Retinoic acid receptor, which then goes and inhibits myeloblast differentiation; treat with all-trans retinoic acid (inhibits the weird RARA and cells are free to differentiate)
