Association Cortex (Woodbury)

Question 1

L Association Cortex Lesion

Answer 1

functions in language (dominant hemisphere)

-damage can cause Gerstmann Syndrome- agraphia, acalcula, finger agnosia, R-L confusion

Question 2

R association cortex lesion

Answer 2

Functions in intra/extrapersonal space, spatial orientation and attention
-deficit causes hemineglect (L side), extinction (cant sense bilateral simultaneous touch), intra/extrapersonal space monitoring

Question 3

Frontal Lobe functions

Answer 3

• Motor movement
• Executive Function
• Language
• Personality
• Social Interactions
• Theory of mind

Question 4

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)

Answer 4

• Executive Function, cognition (planning, focusing, adaptation)
• damage can also cause language deficit

Question 5

Orbitofrontal Prefrontal Cortex (OFPFC)

Answer 5

Personality, Emotional regulation, social interaction

Question 6

Medial Prefrontal Cortex (MPFC)

Answer 6

Includes cingulate gyrus. Does same as OFPFC + drives

Question 7

Parts of Executive Function (6)

Answer 7

DLPFC

1) Initiation
2) Follow plan (lay out steps, logical planning)
3) Working memory (need to access to complete tasks
4) Inhibition (ignore distractions)
5) Introspection (monitor progress)
6) Adaptability (fix if broken)

Question 8

Frontal release signs

Answer 8

Seen in OFPFC/MPFC damage- become socially disinhibited but intellect intact
-OFPFC commonly damaged in coup-contrecoup injury

Question 9

Utilization Behavior

Answer 9

Seen in frontal lobe injury to SMA/MA (or really anywhere in frontal lobe inhibitory pathway
-see grasp reflex, repetitive interaction with environment (based the external stimulus- see pencil, write, put down repeat when see..). This is since subconscious plan keeps reaching conscious instead of being inhibited

Question 10

Theory of Mind

Answer 10

• can be lost in OFPFC/MPFC injury
• ability to recognize that your thoughts and his thoughts are different
• loss shows inability to imagine in someone else’s shoes, read emotions, empathize (think Sheldon since big bang THEORY)

Question 11

Frontotemporal Dementia

Answer 11

-Picks Disease is subcategory of FTD
-neurodegeneration of frontal/temporal lobes
-dominant lobe= progressive aphasia, later behavior problems.
-nondominant lobe= behavior problems, later aphasia
Pick’s Disease: see Pick Bodies (ballooned neurons) on autopsy in cingulate gyrus and hippocampus

• since frontal lobe, see disinhibition (urination, shoplifting), loss of empathy (inappropriate laughing)
• can get intellectual involvement too