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PT APPS MODULE > ASSISTIVE DEVICES AND WHEELCHAIRS > Flashcards

ASSISTIVE DEVICES AND WHEELCHAIRS Flashcards

1
Q

What is an assistive device (AD)?

A

System or device that is designed for the purpose of increasing/maintaining the capabilities of a person with a disability

Example of AD users: Elderly, post-op, injured, PWD or handicapped

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2
Q

What functions does an assistive device (AD) serve?

A
  1. Permits mobility
  2. Improves stability
  3. Helps relieve pain during standing and ambulation
  4. Reduces weight bearing on 1 or both extremities
  5. Helps with balance problems
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3
Q

What are the types of ambulation aids from most to least stable?

A
  1. Parallel bars
  2. Walker
  3. Axillary Crutches
  4. Non-axillary crutches
  5. Quad cane
  6. B/L standard cane
  7. U/L standard cane
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4
Q

What are the functions of parallel bars?

A
  1. Increases tolerance and balance in standing and ambulation
  2. Teaches different gait patterns
  3. Provides support while measuring other AD
  4. Applicable to all AD
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5
Q

What are the functions of a walker?

A
  1. Improves balance tolerance
  2. Widens BOS
  3. Provides anterior and lateral support
  4. Reduces speed of ambulation (except rolling walker)
  5. Supports 85% of body weight
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6
Q

What are the types of walkers?

A
  1. Standard walker
  2. Hemi-walker/Walk-cane
  3. Stair-climbing walker
  4. Reciprocal walker
  5. Rollator/Rolling walker
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7
Q

What are the functions of crutches?

A
  1. Improves tolerance
  2. Widens BOS
  3. Provides lateral support
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8
Q

What are the types of crutches?

A
  1. Axillary crutches - supports 80-90% of body weight
  2. Non-axillary crutches - supports 40-50% of body weight
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9
Q

What is the 4-point gait pattern?

A

R crutch → L foot → L crutch → R foot

  • Safest gait pattern
  • Slowest gait pattern
  • Most difficult when instructing
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10
Q

When is the 3-point gait pattern used?

A

R crutch → bad leg (NWB) → good leg or crutches + bad leg (NWB) → good leg

  • Used when the patient can bear full weight on one lower extremity
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11
Q

What is the 2-point gait pattern?

A

R crutch + L foot → L crutch + R foot

  • Used when the patient cannot support weight on one leg but has good muscular strength and coordination
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12
Q

What are the two types of gait patterns to teach a patient?

A

Safety - 4 point gait
Speed - 2 point gait

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13
Q

What is the Swing To gait pattern used for?

A

B crutches
B LE @ the level of crutches

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14
Q

What is the Drag-To gait pattern?

A

B crutches → drags LE @ the level of crutches

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15
Q

What is the Simultaneous Gait pattern for?

A

L Foot+ L crutch → R foot + R crutch

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16
Q

How should a patient ascend stairs?

A

Good leg → bad leg → crutches/good leg → bad leg + crutches

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17
Q

How should a patient descend stairs?

A

Crutches → bad leg → good leg/crutches + bad leg → good leg

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18
Q

What muscles are involved in crutch walking?

A

Shoulder depressors, shoulder adductors, elbow extensor, wrist extensor, finger flexor

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19
Q

What is the purpose of using a cane?

A

Improves balance and tolerance
Widens BOS
Supports 20-25% of total body weight

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20
Q

How should a cane be positioned?

A

Opposite the affected extremity

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21
Q

What is the method for safety in using a cane for gait pattern?

A

Cane → bad leg → good leg

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22
Q

What is the method for speed in using a cane for gait pattern?

A

Cane + bad leg → good leg

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23
Q

PATTERN - Method 1 for safety

A

Cane → bad leg → good leg

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24
Q

PATTERN - Method 2 for speed

A

Cane + bad leg → good leg

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25
Q

STAIR CLIMBING - Ascending stairs

A

Good leg → bad leg → cane or good leg → bad leg + cane

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26
Q

STAIR CLIMBING - Descending stairs

A

Cane → bad leg → good leg or cane + bad leg → good leg

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27
Q

TURNING

A

Turn on unaffected leg/side
Make small circle
Do not pivot

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28
Q

WHEELCHAIR Types - Outdoor

A

For power, larger rear wheels

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29
Q

WHEELCHAIR Types - Indoor

A

For mobility, larger front wheels, small rear wheels

30
Q

WHEELCHAIR MEASUREMENTS - Backrest Height

A

Height = from seat to the base of axilla subtract 4”, inferior angle of axilla subtract 2’

31
Q

WHEELCHAIR MEASUREMENTS - Backrest Width

A

Width: from 16-18’

32
Q

WHEELCHAIR MEASUREMENTS - Seat Depth

A

From backrest to popliteal fossa, subtract 2’

33
Q

WHEELCHAIR MEASUREMENTS - Seat Width

A

From widest portion of buttock, add 2, 1’ per side

34
Q

WHEELCHAIR MEASUREMENTS - Seat Height

A

From popliteal fossa down to heel, add 2”
Clearance of footplate to ground: 2”

35
Q

WHEELCHAIR MEASUREMENTS - Arm Rest Height

A

Height: from seat to elbow distance (Elbow positioned 90 degrees elbow flexion)

36
Q

WHEELCHAIR MEASUREMENTS - Leg/Calf Rest Height

A

Height: from popliteal fossa to heel, add 2”

37
Q

WHEELCHAIR Wheel/Tire Diameter

A

Diameter: 22-24”
Width: 1

38
Q

WHEELCHAIR Push/Hand Rail/Rim Diameter

A

Diameter: 18-20”
Projections:
Oblique: C5
Horizontal: C6
Vertical: C7
Friction: C7
Standard: C8
Elbow flexion angle = 110 degrees when in contact with pushrim

39
Q

WHEELCHAIR Casters Diameter

A

Diameter: 5-8”
Change of direction
3” - for easy turning
12” - for rough surfaces

40
Q

WHEELCHAIR Foot plate/Rests Clearance

A

Clearance: 2” above the floor
Types of modifications:
Toe loop - prevents anterior displacement
Heel loop - prevents posterior displacement
Both for LE spasticity (post and ant)

41
Q

TYPES OF WHEELCHAIR - STANDARD (COLLAPSIBLE)

A

For easy storage
For pt travel
Lightweight- aluminum type
Extra lightweight - <30lbs
Heavy duty - pt weighing 200 lbs
Extra heavy duty - >250 - 1000 lbs

42
Q

TYPES OF WHEELCHAIR - HEMI-WHEELCHAIR

A

17.5
For stroke pt
Has one arm drive
2 handrail/ush rim
Smaller hand rim propels = front wheels
Larger hand rim propels = rear wheels
When both rims are moved simultaneously = both wheels

43
Q

TYPES OF WHEELCHAIR - AMPUTEE

A

For pt c unilateral or bilateral above knee amputee
Posterior displaced wheels: 2”
To widen BOS and compensate loss of weight

44
Q

TYPES OF WHEELCHAIR - SPORTS

A

Low backrest height
Lower seat height
solid/rigid seat
Lightweight
Higher camber for wider BOS and for easy turning
Normal camber angle: 3-9 degrees

45
Q

TYPES OF WHEELCHAIR - RECLINING

A

Can recline up to 180 degrees
For pressure relief
For postural instability
(+) anti-tipping lever
(+) elevating leg rest
For pt c edema

46
Q

TYPES OF WHEELCHAIR - TILT-IN SPACE

A

Can tilt but maintains hips and knees in 90 degrees flexion
For pressure relief
For pt c extensor spasm or spasticity

47
Q

TYPES OF WHEELCHAIR - POWERED/ELECTRIC/MOTORIZED

A

Highlevel SCI pt
Types:
Push button
Joystick Handle: C5
Sip and puff: C4
Sip:moves/propels
Puff: stop
R turn - long puff
L turn - long sipp

48
Q

Proper Measurement - OUTSIDE ENVIRONMENT RAMPS

A

Height (rise) to length (run) ratio: 1:12/ 8.3%
Inside ramps width:
Min: 36”
Ideal: 48”
Handrail height: 32”

49
Q

Proper Measurement - RAMP APPROACH

A

Patient alone:
Ascending ramp: forward approach
Descending ramp: forward approach c wheelie
With PT:
Ascending ramp: forward approach
Descending ramp: backward approach

50
Q

Proper Measurement - RISE

A

Level surface in the middle of ramps
ADA require a maximum ramp rise of 30”. After a resting platform must be provided
Resting platform should be = 60x60

51
Q

Proper Measurement - STAIRS

A

Height: 7:11

52
Q

Proper Measurement - DOOR WIDTH

A

Min: 32”
Ideal: 36”

53
Q

Proper Measurement - HALLWAY/CORRIDOR WIDTH

A

Min: 36”
Ideal: 42”

54
Q

Proper Measurement - BEDROOM

A

Distance of bed

55
Q

Approach for ascending ramp with PT

A

Forward approach

56
Q

Approach for descending ramp with PT

A

Backward approach

57
Q

ADA requirement for maximum ramp rise

A

30”

ADA requires a maximum ramp rise of 30”. After a resting platform must be provided

58
Q

Resting platform dimensions

A

60x60

59
Q

Stairs height ratio

A

7:11

60
Q

Minimum door width

A

32”

61
Q

Ideal door width

A

36”

62
Q

Minimum hallway/corridor width

A

36”

63
Q

Ideal hallway/corridor width

A

42”

64
Q

Distance of bed from wall for a 90 degrees turn

A

36”

65
Q

Distance of bed from wall for a 180 degrees turn

A

60”

66
Q

Distance of bed from wall for a 360 degrees turn

A

60x60

67
Q

Minimum height for sink

A

27” minimum for knee clearance

For reaching, max height should be 34”

68
Q

Height range for toilet seat

A

17-19”

Increased in patients with hip arthroplasty

69
Q

Grab bars height range

A

33-36”

Diameter should be 30mm/3cm

70
Q

Reach forward height for low level

A

15”

71
Q

Reach forward height for side level

A

24”

72
Q

Reach forward height for high level

A

48”

PT APPS MODULE (1 decks)

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