Assessment & Treatment Of Play Flashcards
Theories of play
Classical
Modern
Animal
Classical theories developed in
19th century
Classical theories based on
Darwinian ideas of evolution and philosophy
Classical theories are NOT bas on
Research evidence
Classical theories are
Surplus energy
Recapitulation
Practice/pre exercise
Recreation/relaxation
Modern theories developed
After 1920
Modern theories recognize play as
Contributing to development and help child achieve optimal arousal
Modern theories are
Cognitive
Metacommunicative
Arousal modulation
Psychoanalytic
Animal theories researchers look at play across
Species and use criteria to transcend limited score of human play
Animal theories suggest play has very early origins in
Evolution
Animal theories “play allows”
Develop neurological capacities to manage novel and creative problem solve
Regulate emotion and stress
Create variability needed to enhance motor learning
Surplus energy by
Schiller & Spencer
Surplus energy children play because
They need to release excess energy that they develop when they are required to sit for a long time play was not considered “indispensable”
Recreational or relaxation by
Lazarus
Recreation and relaxation play
Replenishes energy and is used to relax and restore the energy used up in work
Practice or pre-exercise by
Groos
Practice or pre-exercise play
Allows children to practice skills they need for later survival or practice roles they will need in adulthood
Recapitulation by
Hall
Recapitulation play development
Re-creates the development of species
Child passes through play Dages that mimic stages of evolution of species
Psychoanalytic by
Freud, Erickson
Psycho analytic children play to help them
cope with and manage their emotions and develop solutions to developmental tasks
Arousal modulation by 
Berlyn
Arousal modulation A child plays because
their nervous system either has too much or needs more stimulation
Meta-communicative by 
Bateson
Meta-communicative children use communication about play to identify that
it IS play through play children learn to perform on two levels at once in reality and make believe
Cognitive by
Piaget, Bruner, vgotsky
Cognitive play purpose is to foster
cognitive development and abstract thinking
Piaget propose
play stages
Vgotsky Introduce that at once in
realityevelopmentake beliefestive emotions, and enables A state of balance that leaves us poised to P and development may be enhanced by play with peers
Bruner Consider the
varied types of play and their differing impact on development.
play one method of
problem solving reducing risk and consequences an increasing flexibility
Takata’s taxonomy of play (1974) play phases
- Sensorimotor
- Symbolic and simple constructed
- Dramatic, complex constructive, and pregame
- Games
- Recreational
Takata: sensorimotor
Birth-2 years
Takata: Symbolic and simple constructive
2 -4 years
Takata: dramatic, complex constructive, and pregame
4-7 years
Takata: games
7-12 years
Takata: recreational
12-16 years
Categorize play
- Parten1932
- Piaget 1952
- Smilansky 1968
- Bandura
Parten 1932
- Unoccupied
- solitary
- onlooker
- parallel
- associative
- cooperative
Piaget 1952
- sensorimotor
- pre-operational
- Concrete operational
- Formal operations
Smilansky 1968
- functional
- conditional
- Games with rules
- Dramatic
Bandura
Social learning theory
Social Learning theory 
importance of observational learning and modeling behaviors attitudes and emotional reactions attend remember performing reinforce
What plane means to a child
- work/play
- “fun”
- be yourself
- play vs non-play
Work/ play
- Losing themselves in an activity
- Enjoyment
- Admitted work can be play
Rationale for play activity includes whether or not activity is
“Fun”
Be yourself
-Just write challenge
- physical activity
- outdoors
- socializing
Play versus non-play
Social emotional and sensory dimensions of play
Importance of play as an occupation
- Form
- function
- meaning
- contexts
Form
categories of activities in which kids engage, specific types of play that are accepted and names
Function
The way it serves person and influences health and well-being ***physical active play important for maintaining healthy weight
Meaning
Quality of experience, person state of mind, and value that the player experience has four individual
Contexts
- Physical and social environments
- cultural
- personal
- temporal
- virtual 
