Assessment Study Flashcards
What are the two types of analytical statistics ?
Descriptive and Inferential
Descriptive statistics are used to___
inform
Inferential statistics are used to ___
Predict /Trend
What’s the four levels of measurement?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
What level of measurement represents continual data with unique zero point ?
Ratio
What level of measurement orders data at equal distances apart ?
Interval
What level of measurement places qualitative objects in some kind of order ?
Ordinal
What level of measurement represents unordered categories or groups of objects ?
Nominal
What type of error does an outlier create ?
Out of range
What type of error is an unpredictable error ?
Random Error
What type of error occurs with missing data and can distort data as well?
Omission Error
What type of error tends to repeat itself and can skew results ?
Systematic Error
What is the main process of quality control?
Reduce/ minimize errors
What type of study is where all variable measurements are under the researchers control?
Experimental Study
What type of study is used when the test subject is impractical or impossible to control?
Observational Study
What type of study is it when participants are not told if they are in the treatment group or experiment group?
Blind Study
What is applied by the researcher to each test subject ?
Treatment
What type of study is where neither the treatment allocator nor the participants known who is in the treatment group or experiment group ?
Double Blind Study
What type of bias is when the questions favor an outcome or the interviewer as questions that favor an outcome ?
Information Bias
What type of analysis represents the average outcome (payoff) when the future includes scenarios that may or may not happen?
Expected Monetary Value Analysis
How can you treat observation points that are very distant from the rest of the data set in an analysis ?
May or may not be included in analysis but causes skewness
What bias occurs from not selecting a random sample?
Measurement Bias
What bias occurs when respondents believe it will be beneficial if selected ?
Conscious Bias
What measures the difference between the third and first quartile ?
Inter-quartile range ordered from lowest to highest
What is used to study the composition of a data set and examine the distribution ?
Box Plot
What represents a simple regression using time as the independent variable ?
Time Series
What represents a general upwards or downwards slow over a period of time ?
Trend
What is it called when there’s unforeseen circumstances causing random deviations ?
Irregularity
What is it called when there’s repetition in up and down patters ?
Cyclicality
What is it called when there’s a regular pattern within a single year ?
Seasonality
What is it called when the probability of a variable falls within a certain range?
Cumulative Distribution
What is it called when there’s a list of all the different probabilities of each outcome that can occur ?
Probability Distribution
What is it called when the measures of central tendency are approximately equal?
Normal Distribution
What is used to compare the mean of three or more groups ?
ANOVA
What test statistic does ANOVA use ?
F-value (must be higher than critical value to reject the null)
What test statistic does the T-test use ?
T-value (must be higher than the critical value to reject the null)
A correlation is weak if the coefficient is closer to ___
Zero
A correlation is strong if the coefficient is closer to ___
1 or -1
What illustrated performance measurements over a period of time ?
Run Chart
What illustrates limits or constraints a process should not exceed?
Control charts
What item assists in brainstorming issues that are causing a problem ?
Cause and Effect Diagram (Fishbone diagram)
What is a visual tool to understand a process ?
Flowchart
What is an easy tool to collect data to create other charts ?
Check Sheet
What represents a graphical display of a data set with one bar for each category ?
Histogram and Pareto Chart
What represents a graphical display of a data set centered ?
Histogram
What represents a graphical display of a data set in highest to lowest order ?
Pareto
What is used for potential relationships and correlation between variables ?
Scatter Diagram
Can the seven basic tools be used independently ?
Yes
What percent of quality problems does Ishikawa claim the seven tools can solve ?
90-95%
What diagram demonstrates all of the elements that can influence a process before it starts ?
SIPOC
What is a manufacturing approach to improving processes?
Six Sigma
In manufacturing, statistics are used for ___
Quality Control
In the PDSA what step is a response to analytical results ?
Act
What shows whether a result meets a requirement or not ?
Attribute
What shows you how well a result meets a requirement ?
Variable
What variations are accepted as the normal part of the process ?
Common Cause Variations
What variations are from an abnormality causing large discrepancy in results ?
Special Cause Variations
What is the model of designing, analyzing, and scoring tests ?
Item Response Theory
How does the government differ than the private sector in a cost benefit analysis ?
Government isn’t always about money
What is it called to compare one person’s performance to other people’s performances ?
Norm Reference
What is it called to compare a person’s performance to a standard score ?
Criterion Referenced
What management strategy uses results as the central base measurement of performance ?
Results Based Management
What is it called when counting ALL of the existing cases of a disease ?
Prevalence
What is it called when counting only NEW cases of a disease ?
Incidence
What is used to analyze if funding is worth the outcome for a project ?
Cost Benefit Analysis
What represents a performance measure for one specific goal ?
KPI
What is it called when multiple KPIs are displayed in a picture ?
KPI Dashboard
