assessment of the heart Flashcards
Nurses assess the heart through observations in what sequence?
(inspection, palpation, and auscultation,
The heart is usually assessed during what physical assement?
initial
physical assessment;
what is necessary for long-term or at - risk clients or those with cardiac
problems.
periodic reassessment
Heart examinations are usually performed in what position?
semi-reclined position.
is a hollow, muscular, four-chambered organ located in the middle of the thoracic cavity between the lungs in the
space
Heart
what is middle of the thoracic cavity between the lungs in the
space called
mediastinum.
weight of the heart in women
255g (9oz) in women
weight of the heart in men
310g
(10.9oz) in men.
The upper portion of the heart (both atria), referred
its base,
The lower portion (the ventricles),
referred to as its apex,
This point where the apex touches the anterior chest wall
is known as
point of maximal impulse (PMI).
The anterior chest area that overlies the heart and great vessels is called
precordium.
located at the exit of each ventricle at the beginning of the great vessels.
semilunar valves
located at the entrance of the pulmonary artery exits the right ventricle.
pulmonic valve
aortic valve
-located at the beginning of the ascending aorta.
Heartsounds are produced by
valve closure.
The opening of valves is?
silent.
Normal heart sounds, characterized as
“lub-dub” (S1 and S2),
where can the extra heart sounds and murmurs
can be auscultated with stethoscope
precordium,
The first heart sound
S1
results from the closure of the AV valves
first heart sound (S1)
results from the closure of the semilunar valves
The second heart sound (S2)
semilunar valves
(aortic and pulmonary)
AV valves
mitral and tricuspid valves.
supplies oxygenated blood to the head and neck.
carotid arteries
prolong occlusion of these arteries can result in serious brain damage.
carotid arteries
it correlate with central aortic pressure, thus reflecting cardiac function better than the
peripheral pulses.
carotid pulse
The carotid is also auscultated for a
bruit
(a blowing or a swishing sound).
bruit
is created by turbulence of
blood flow due either to a narrowed arterial lumen
bruit
If a bruit is found, the carotid artery is then
palpated for a
thrill
is a vibrating sensation like the purring of a cat or water running
through a hose.
thrill
drains blood from the head and neck directly into the superior vena cava and right side of the
heart.
jugular veins
The external jugular veins are superficial and may be visible above the
clavicle.
The internal jugular veins lie deeper along the
carotid artery
external neck veins are distended and visible when a person?
lies down
Bilateral jugular vein distension (JVD) may indicate
right-sided heart failure.
Risks Factors:
Risk of coronary heart disease related to
-hypertension,
- increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and
decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol,
-diabetes mellitus,
-minimal exercise,
-cigarette smoking,
-diet high
in saturated fat and trans fatty acid,
-postmenopausal estrogen replacement (in females),
-family history, and
-upper body
obesity.
Usually heard at all sites.
Usually louder at apical area
S1
Usually heard at all sites.
Usually louder at base of the
heart
S2
silent interval; slightly
shorter duration than diastole at
normal heart rate
Systole
Normal heart rate of adult
(60 to 90 beats
/min)
silent interval; slightly
longer duration than systole at
normal heart rates
Diastole
