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health ass rle > assessment of the heart > Flashcards

assessment of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

Nurses assess the heart through observations in what sequence?

A

(inspection, palpation, and auscultation,

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2
Q

The heart is usually assessed during what physical assement?

A

initial
physical assessment;

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3
Q

what is necessary for long-term or at - risk clients or those with cardiac
problems.

A

periodic reassessment

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4
Q

Heart examinations are usually performed in what position?

A

semi-reclined position.

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5
Q

is a hollow, muscular, four-chambered organ located in the middle of the thoracic cavity between the lungs in the
space

A

Heart

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6
Q

what is middle of the thoracic cavity between the lungs in the
space called

A

mediastinum.

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7
Q

weight of the heart in women

A

255g (9oz) in women

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8
Q

weight of the heart in men

A

310g
(10.9oz) in men.

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9
Q

The upper portion of the heart (both atria), referred

A

its base,

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10
Q

The lower portion (the ventricles),

A

referred to as its apex,

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11
Q

This point where the apex touches the anterior chest wall
is known as

A

point of maximal impulse (PMI).

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12
Q

The anterior chest area that overlies the heart and great vessels is called

A

precordium.

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13
Q

located at the exit of each ventricle at the beginning of the great vessels.

A

semilunar valves

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14
Q

located at the entrance of the pulmonary artery exits the right ventricle.

A

pulmonic valve

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15
Q

aortic valve

A

-located at the beginning of the ascending aorta.

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16
Q

Heartsounds are produced by

A

valve closure.

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17
Q

The opening of valves is?

A

silent.

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18
Q

Normal heart sounds, characterized as

A

“lub-dub” (S1 and S2),

19
Q

where can the extra heart sounds and murmurs
can be auscultated with stethoscope

A

precordium,

20
Q

The first heart sound

A

S1

21
Q

results from the closure of the AV valves

A

first heart sound (S1)

22
Q

results from the closure of the semilunar valves

A

The second heart sound (S2)

23
Q

semilunar valves

A

(aortic and pulmonary)

24
Q

AV valves

A

mitral and tricuspid valves.

25
Q

supplies oxygenated blood to the head and neck.

A

carotid arteries

26
Q

prolong occlusion of these arteries can result in serious brain damage.

A

carotid arteries

27
Q

it correlate with central aortic pressure, thus reflecting cardiac function better than the
peripheral pulses.

A

carotid pulse

28
Q

The carotid is also auscultated for a

A

bruit

29
Q

(a blowing or a swishing sound).

A

bruit

30
Q

is created by turbulence of
blood flow due either to a narrowed arterial lumen

A

bruit

31
Q

If a bruit is found, the carotid artery is then
palpated for a

A

thrill

32
Q

is a vibrating sensation like the purring of a cat or water running
through a hose.

A

thrill

33
Q

drains blood from the head and neck directly into the superior vena cava and right side of the
heart.

A

jugular veins

34
Q

The external jugular veins are superficial and may be visible above the

A

clavicle.

35
Q

The internal jugular veins lie deeper along the

A

carotid artery

36
Q

external neck veins are distended and visible when a person?

A

lies down

37
Q

Bilateral jugular vein distension (JVD) may indicate

A

right-sided heart failure.

38
Q

Risks Factors:

A

Risk of coronary heart disease related to
-hypertension,
- increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and
decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol,
-diabetes mellitus,
-minimal exercise,
-cigarette smoking,
-diet high
in saturated fat and trans fatty acid,
-postmenopausal estrogen replacement (in females),
-family history, and
-upper body
obesity.

39
Q

Usually heard at all sites.
Usually louder at apical area

A

S1

40
Q

Usually heard at all sites.
Usually louder at base of the
heart

A

S2

41
Q

silent interval; slightly
shorter duration than diastole at
normal heart rate

A

Systole

42
Q

Normal heart rate of adult

A

(60 to 90 beats
/min)

43
Q

silent interval; slightly
longer duration than systole at
normal heart rates

A

Diastole

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