Assessment of the eye Flashcards
it is used to test distant visual acuity
Snellen chart
what is the proper way to perform Snellen chart
20 ft away from the chart, covering one eye with an opaque card
is configured just like the snellen chart bt the characters on it are only E’s
E chart
what will you used to test near vision of the client
using jaeger test. let the client hold the newspaper 14 inches away from the eye.
a hand-held instrument that allows the examiner to view the fundus of the eye
opthamoscope
nearsightedness
myopia
farsightedness
hyperopic
what is the normal distant visual acuity
20/20
how will you test the distant visual acuity?
position the client 20 ft from the snellen chart or e chart and ask her to read each line until she cannot decipher the letters
what is the normal near visual acuity
14/14
(impaired near vision) is indicated when the clients move the chart away from their eyes to focus on the print; it is common in clients over 45 years of age
presbyopia
how will you perform the confrontation test?
position yourself approximately 2 ft away from the client at eye level
this test assesses parallel alignment of the eyes
corneal light reflex test
how will you perform corneal light reflex?
hold a penlight approximately 12 in from the clients face
teem used to describe misalignment that occurs only when fusion reflex is blocked
phoria
constant malalignment of the eyes
strabismus
specific type of misalignment
tropia
inward turn of the eye
esotropia
outward turn of the eye
exotropia
an oscillating shaking movement of the eye
nystagmus
drooping of the upper lid, maybe attributed to oculomotor nerve damage, myasthenia gravis, weakened muscle or tissue or a congenital disorder
ptosis (blepharoptosis)
inverted lower lid, which may cause pain and injure the cornea as the eyelash brushes against the conjunctiva and cornea
entropion
everted lower lid, results in exposure and drying of the conjuctiva
ectropion
redness and crusting along the lid margins, an infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
seborrhea or blepharitis
hair follicle infection
folliculitis
infection of the meibomian gland (located in the eyelid)
chalazion
protrusion of the eyeballs accompanied by retracted eyelid margins
exophthalmos a.k.a proptosis
generalized redness of the conjunctiva suggests what?
conjunctivitis
is a local inflammation of the sclera.
episcleritis
occurs when the client has jaundice or icterus
yellow sclera
bright red areas on the sclera, these are often caused by sneezing, coughing or vomiting which may break a blood vessel.
subconjunctival hemorrhage
pupil is bigger than the other
anisocoria
pupil constriction
miosis
dilated pupils
mydriasis
a normal condition in older clients, appears as white arc around the limbus
arcus senilis
abbreviation for left eye oculus sinister
O.S
abbreviation for right oculus dexter
O.D
can be detected when light directed to the blind eye results in no response in either pupil
monocular blindness
swelling of the optic disc, appears as a swollen disc with blurred margins a hyperemic (blood-filled) appearance.
papilledema
use as the standard of measure for the location and size of other structures and any abnormalities or lesion within the ocular fundus
diameter of the optic disc
evidence by the disc being white in color and a lack of disc vessels, caused by death of optic nerve
optic atrophy
small depression within the neurosensory retina where visual cavity is highest
fovea
occurs when injury causes red blood cells to collect in the lower half of the anterior chamber
hyphemia
usually results from an inflammatory response in which white blood cells accumulate in the anterior chamber and produce cloudiness in front of the iris
hypopyon
a tender red bump on the edge of the eyelid. It is an infection of a gland of the eyelid.
hordeolum (stye)
