Assessment of Respiratory Function Flashcards
Movement of air in and out of the airways
ventilation
Function of a nose
Filters, humidifies and warms air that is inhaled
4 bony cavities in the Paranasal Sinuses
Function?
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary
3 regions of Pharynx(throat)
Function?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Passageway of air and food
3 Lymphoid tissues of the throat
Function?
Pharyngeal tonsil
Palatine tonsil
Lingual tonsil
Guards body from invasion by organisms entering the nose throat
Major functions of Larynx (voicebox)
-vocalization
-protects lower airway from foreign substance
-facilitates coughing
Larynx(Voicebox) consists of:
-Epiglottis
-Glottis
-Thyroid cartilage
-Arytenoid cartilages
-Vocal cord
Passage b/w the larynx and the right and left bronchi and is composed of smooth musce with C-shaped rings of cartilage at regular interval(avoids collapse).
Trachea
An external ridge of the base of Trachea
Carina
Each lobe in the lungs is further subdivided into segments separated by _________, which are extensions of the pleura.
fissures
Serous membralining the lungs and wall lf the thoracic cavity.
________ pleura covers the lungs
________ pleura lines the thiracic cavity, lateral wall of the mediastinum, diaphragm and inner aspects of the ribs
Pleura
Visceral
Parietal
The movement of inflamed and roughened pleural surfaces against one another during the chest wall movement
Friction rub
Lubricates the thorax and the lungs and permit smooth motion of the lungs in the thoracic cavity during inspiration and expiration
Pleura and small amount of pleural fluid
Middle of the thorax, between the pleural sacs that contain the two lungs.
Mediastinum
AKA “Adams apple”
Laryngeal prominence
Bronchi and Bronchioles
-Primnry bronchi
-_____ (secondary) bronchi (3 in the right lung and 2 in the left lung).
-_________(tertiary) bronchi (10 on the right and 8 on the left)
-Facilitate effective postural drainage in the patient.
__________ bronchi.
-Surrounded by connective tissue that contains arteries,
lymphatics, and nerves.
Lobar
Segmental
Subsegmental
Extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and contains all of the _______ ______ outside the lungs (heat, thymus, the aorta and vena cava, and esophagus).
Thoracic tissue
Glands that produce mucus to cover the inside lining of the airways
Submucusal gland
Functional unit of lungs
Alveoli
What is Diffusion?
movement of solute from higher concentration to lower concentration
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath
Tidal volume
The maximum volume of air inhaled with each breath
Inspiratory reserve volume
The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled forcibly after a normal exhalation
Expiratory reserve volume
Nerve that stimulates the movement of the respiratory muscles
Phrenic nerve
Which respiratory center in the lower pons stimulates the inspiratory medullary center to promote deep prolonged inspirations.
apneustic center
Which respiratory center in the upper pons is thought to control the pattern of respirations.
Pneumotaxic center
Differentiate peripheral chemoreceptors and central chemoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and the carotid arteries and responds first to changes in paO2, then to partial pressure of carbon dioxide(paCO2) and ph
Central chemoreceptors: located in the medulla respond to chemical changes in the cerebrospinal fluid which result from increase or decrease in the ph and convey a message to the lungs to change the depth and then the rate of ventilation to correct the imbalance.
Assessment
Health history
- Initially focuses on the patients __________ problem and _________ _______
presenting
associated symptoms
COLDSPA
Character
Onset
Location
Duration
Severity
Pattern
Aggravating and alleviating factors
Respiratory Ax: common symptoms
Dyspnea
Cough
Sputum production
Chest pain or discomfort Wheezing
Hemoptysis
Cyanosis
Tachypnea or Bradypnea
Air flows from region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure
Air pressure variances
Reflects the mechanics (processs) of ventilation
Lung volumes and capacities
passageway for air to pass to and from the lungs
Nose
Connected by a series of ducts that drain into the nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Serve as a resonating chamber in speech
Paranasal Sinuses
At the same time that O2 diffuses from the blood into the tissues, CO2 diffuses from tissue cells to blood and is transported to the lungs for excretion
Capillary Exchange
Gas Exchange
In the lung, venous blood and alveolar O2 are separated by a very thin _______ ________
O2 diffuses across this membrane to dissolve in the blood.
Alveolar membrane
Measures amount of air for inhalation or exhalation
Lung Volume
The inspiratory and expiratory centers in the _______ ________ and ____ (respiratory centers) control the rate and depth of ventilation to meet the body’s metabolic demands.
medulla oblongata and pons
Hollow cavity separated into the right and left nasal cavities by a narrow vertical divider called the septum
Internal portion of the nose
