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CPT exam > assessment muscles > Flashcards

assessment muscles Flashcards

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NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

shortened muscles: Pronation Distortion Syndrome

A 
7
gastrocnemius
soles
peroneals
adductors
hip flexor complex
iliotibial head
biceps femoris (short head) (part of hammy)
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2
Q

lengthened muscles: Pronation Distortion Syndrome

A 
5
anterior tibialis
posterior tibialis
vastus medialis
glutes Med/Max
hip external rotators
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3
Q

altered joint mechanics: Pronation Distortion Syndrome

A 
6
increased (4):
knee adduction
foot pronation
knee internal rotations
foot external rotation

decreased (2):
ankle dorsiflexion
ankle inversion

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4
Q

possible injuries: Pronation Distortion Syndrome

A 
4
plantor fascitis
posterior tibialis tendinitis (shin splints)
low back pain (LBP)
patellar tendinitis
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5
Q

shortened muscles: Lower Crossed Syndrome

A 
6
gastrocnemius
soleus
hip flexor complex
adductors
latissimus dorsi
erector spinae
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6
Q

lengthened muscles: Lower Crossed Syndrome

A 
6
anterior tibialis
posterior tibialis
glute max
glute med
transversus abdominals
internal oblique
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7
Q

altered joint mechanics: Lower Crossed Syndrome

A

2
increased (1):
lumbar extension

decreased (1):
hip extension

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8
Q

possible injuries: Lower Crossed Syndrome

A

3
hamstring complex strain
anterior knee pain
LBP

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9
Q

shortened muscles: Upper Crossed Syndrome

A 
7
upper trap
levator scapulae
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
lats
teres major
subscapularis
pec major/minor
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10
Q

lengthened muscles: Upper Crossed Syndrome

A 
7
deep cervical flexors
serratus anterior
rhomboids
mid-trap
lower trap
teres minor
infraspinatus
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11
Q

altered joint mechanics: Upper Crossed Syndrome

A

4
increased (2):
cervical extension
scapular protraction/elevation

decreased (2):
shoulder extension
shoulder external rotation

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12
Q

possible injuries: Upper Crossed Syndrome

A 
4
headaches
biceps tendonitis
rotator cuff impingement
thoracic outlet syndrome
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13
Q

Pronation Distortion Syndrome

A 
foot pronation (flat feet)
adducted and internally rotation knees (knock knees)
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14
Q

Lower Crossed Syndrome

A

anterior pelvic tilt (arched lower back)

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15
Q

Upper Crossed Syndrome

A

forward head and rounded shoulders

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16
Q

kinetic chain check points

A 
5
feet and ankle
shoulders
head and cervical spine
lumbo pelvic hip complex (LPHC)
knees
17
Q

Overhead Squat: views

A

from front:
watch knees, ankles, and knees

from side:
watch LPHC, shoulder, and cervical complex

18
Q

compensations: anterior view

Overhead Squat

A

feet:
do the feet flatten and/or turn out

knees:
do the knees move inward (adduct and internally rotate – knock knees)

19
Q

compensations: lateral view

Overhead Squat

A

LPHC– does the low back arch (anterior pelvic tilt)
does the torso clean forward excessively

shoulder:
do the arms fall forward

20
Q

overactive muscles: lateral view: excessive fwd lean in LPHC

Overhead Squat

A 
4
soleus
gastrocnemius
hip flexor complex
abdominal complex
21
Q

overactive muscles: lateral view: low back arches(anterior pelvic tilt) in LPHC
Overhead Squat

A

3
hip flexor complex
erector spinal
lats

22
Q

underactive muscles: lateral view: excessive fwd lean in LPHC
Overhead Squat

A

3
anterior tibialis
glute max
erector spinae

23
Q

underactive muscles: lateral view: low back arches (anterior pelvic tilt) in LPHC
Overhead Squat

A

3
glute max
hamstring complex
intrinsic core (transverse abs, multifidus, transversospinalis, internal oblique pelvic floor)

24
Q

overactive muscles: lateral view: arms fall fwd in upper body
Overhead Squat

A

3
lats
teres major
pec major/minor

25
Q

underactive muscles: lateral view: arms fall fwd in upper body
Overhead Squat

A

3
mid/lower traps
rhomboids
rotator cuff

26
Q

overactive muscles: anterior view: feet turn out

Overhead Squat

A

3
soles
lateral gastrocnemius
biceps femoris (short head) (part of hammy)

27
Q

underactive muscles: anterior view: feet turn out

Overhead Squat

A 
5
medial gastrocnemius
medial hamstring complex
gracilis
sartorius
popliteus
28
Q

overactive muscles: anterior view: knees move inward

Overhead Squat

A 
4
adductor complex
biceps femoris (short head)
TFL
vastus lateralis
29
Q

underactive muscles: anterior view: knees move inward

Overhead Squat

A

2
glute med/max
vastus medialis oblique (VMO)

30
Q

kinetic chain checkpoint: anterior view: feet

Overhead Squat

A

if they:

flatten/turn out (pronation)

31
Q

kinetic chain checkpoint: anterior view: knees

Overhead Squat

A 
if they:
move inward (knock knees)
32
Q

kinetic chain checkpoint: lateral view: LPHC

Overhead Squat

A

if they:
excessive fwd lead
or
low back arches (anterior pelvic tilt)

33
Q

kinetic chain checkpoint: lateral view: shoulder complex

Overhead Squat

A

if they:

arms fall fwd

CPT exam (2 decks)

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