Assessment II part II Flashcards
1
Q
MMPI Dates
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MMPI developed in 1930’s ; MMPI-2 debuted in 1989
2
Q
MMPI Clinical Scales 1, 2, 3
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- Hypochondriasis - Hs2. Depression - D3. Hysteria - Hy
3
Q
MMPI Clinical Scales 4, 5, 6
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- Psychopathic Deviate - Pd5. Masculinity-Femininity - Mf6. Paranoia - Pa
4
Q
MMPI Clinical Scales 7, 8, 9, 0
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- Psychasthenia - Pt8. Schizophrenia - Sc9. Mania - Ma0. Social Introversion - Si
5
Q
Requirements for MMPI Test-Taker
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- Adequate vision/hearing/hand use- Adequate stamina for 1-2 hour test- Reading comp. of at least 6th grade, English proficiency (recommended 8th grade education)- Borderline or higher IQ- No drugs/alcohol/neuro/psychosis affecting cognitionalso:- Informed consent- Rapport built
6
Q
Regular and short form # of questions
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567 regular, 370 short form (client can stop at 370 for fatigue as well and still have valid validity/clinical scales, but not content scales)
7
Q
Validity Scales #1: Traditional
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? Cannot sayL Lie (15 items)F Infrequency (60 items)K Correction (30 items)
8
Q
Validity Scales #2: MMPI-2
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VRIN Variable Response Inconsistency Scale (49 items)TRIN True Response Inconsistency Scale (23 items)FB F-Back (40 items)F(p) Infrequency-Psychopathology S Superlative
9
Q
Purpose of Validity Scales
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- Determine test-taking attitude- Correlated with personality traits/behaviors; can enrichinterpretation- Validity determination should not be made on basis of one score/index
10
Q
Cannot Say Scale (?)
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- Number of Unscorable Items because Individual did not answer or answered both T and F- Invalid if ? > 30- Check to see if patients left items blank or answered T+F.Go back and re-answer if possible- Always examine omitted item content
11
Q
Variable Response Inconsistency Scale (VRIN)
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- 49 pairs of items- Detect inconsistent or contradictory responding- Either similar or different item groups. Similar = inconsistent if one T, one F Different = inconsistent if both T or both F- High scores = difficulty in understanding OR lack of cooperation- VRIN complements L, F, and K interpretation High F, High VRIN = carelessness/confusion High F, Low VRIN = psychopathology or faking bad
12
Q
True Response Inconsistency Scale (TRIN)
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- 23 pairs of items [like chromosomes]- Detects inconsistent or contradictory responding - Only contains opposite content pairs (e.g. “I am happy” and “I am sad” both marked as T)- High TRIN ( >13 ) = indiscriminate marking of items as true Low TRIN (
13
Q
Infrequency (F)
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- 60 items; 90% of standard normal group resp. in the same direction on these items, so deviation is unusual- Detects tendency to respond unusually; the main theme is psychoticism- Normal controls score under 55T (Raw = 6)- High F is among most sensitive scales indicating severity of maladjustment. Elevated F = poor comprehension, random responding, severe psychosis, or malingering
14
Q
F-Back Scale (FB)
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- 40 items. Same 90% agreement as F scale.- Functions like F but later in the test (After #281, most items between #300-#567)-Theme is acute distress and depression
15
Q
Infrequency-Psychopathology Scale – F(p)
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- Designed to understand F scale elevation, which could be poor comprehension, random response, and fake/real psychopathology- Items were endorsed by
16
Q
Lie Scale (L)
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- Endorsement of culturally-laudable but rare attitudes/practices. Tryin’ to look good- 15 Items- Low: acknowledging faults. Typical of more sophisticated people- High: Rigid, concrete thinker. Likely unsophisticated – obvious attempt to look good
17
Q
K Scale (K Correction Scale)
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- Measures defensiveness, but less lofty than L; about daily things and coping- 30 items- High: able to manage stressors, competent. Found with vocational achievement and education (higher, not elevated scores show this) - However, High K + emotional problems = lack of insight, dogmatic, controlling - Low: overwhelmed by stressors and unable to cope
18
Q
Superlative Self-Presentation Scale (S)
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- Measures: belief in goodness, serenity, contentment, patience, denial of anger or moral flaws- Correlates with K scale- High scorers might be relaxed, un-moody, “chill”- Functioning must be looked at. If S+K are high and patient functions, may reflect ego strength. If not, could be faking good
19
Q
Validity Indices: F - FB
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- If FB > F by 6 or more = Invalid back half and therefore invalid test- Could reflect fatigue or other problems in second half of test
20
Q
Validity Indices: F - K Index
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- Dissimulation Index: one of the originals. Did the individual attempt to exaggerate psychopathology?-F-K > 12 (women) or 17 (men) = “fake bad”-F-K
21
Q
Scale 1 - Hypochondriasis (Hs)
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- Somatic/Physical Issues Mild elev. –> actual problems High elev. –> vague, bizarre somatic
22
Q
Scale 2 - Depression (D)
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- Distress/Dysphoria Mild elev. –> distress, dissatisfaction, mild depression High elev. –> clinical depression
23
Q
Scale 3 - Hysteria (Hy)
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- Denial + Physical symptoms Mild elev. –> medical patients w/ mild tendency to avoid feelings; express emotions through ailments High elev. –> denial of emotional problems; tendency to express feelings through symptoms more intense; lack of insight; conforming, naive, immature psychologically
24
Q
Scale 4 - Psychopathic Deviate (Pd)
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- Rebelliousness, Antisocial behavior Mild elev. –> rebellion that is socially acceptable; dislike of authority High elev. –> tendency for AS/Criminal behavior; serious disregard for authority; angry and impulsive
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Scale 5 - Masculinity-Femininity (Mf)
- Elevations = opposite-sex ID- Lower scores = traditional gender role ID/BxDoes not determine sexual orientation.
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Scale 6 - Paranoia (Pa)
- Mild elevations = suspicion, rationalization, external blame- Higher elevations = frank paranoia; hostility; persecutory anxiety
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Scale 7 - Psychasthenia (Pt)
- Mild elevations = obsessions, gen. anxiety, self-doubt- Higher elevations = anxiety disorder
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Scale 8 - Schizophrenia (Sc)
- Mild elevations = bizarre experiences, social alienation, severe stress reaction- High scores (>75) may suggest: psychosis, head injury, schizoid personality, acute distress, substance abuse, cry for help
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Scale 9 - Hypomania (Ma)
- Mild elevation = distractible, high energy, occasional grandiosity, suspiciousness, irritability- High elevations = hypomania to mania symptoms (expansive, elated, euphoric)Consider activity level.
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Scale 0 - Social Introversion (Si)
- T
31
Name three possibilities for single-scale invalidity
Cannot say >30VRIN >15TRIN 13
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What is FB for?
FB compares distress reporting in the two halves of the test to find more subtle fatigue, faking, or emotional provocation in patients.It was determined like the F scale (response pool 90% in agreement, thus endorsement of these items is rare)
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What is F(p) for?
- F(p) helps understand F scale elevations.- F(p) was determined with a psychiatric population, rather than a normal one, who endorsed
34
Conversion V
132 or 213 (or flipped to 231) * * *Hs D Hy Pd Mf Pa Pt Sc Ma Si- High hypochondriasis, hysteria + depression
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Passive-Aggressive V (Scarlett O'Hara V)
465 or 645 * * *Hs D Hy Pd Mf Pa Pt Sc Ma Si- High deviance and paranoia w/ elevated MF (gender nonconformity)
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Psychotic V (Paranoid Valley)
687 or 867 (can be flipped to 768/786) * * *Hs D Hy Pd Mf Pa Pt Sc Ma Si
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Five Steps in Interpretation
1. Determine validity2. ID significant configurations (up to 3 scales, e.g. "conversion V")3. ID all code types >65T (2- and 3-scale)4. Spike elevations IF only one scale stands out5. ID relevant LOW scoresValid-Config-Code-Spike-Low
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K+ Profile (false negative)
- K at least 60 K > F by at least 5T L + K > F- No scale above 65T 6 scales below 56TThis may be a defensive person who sees mental problems as weakness. Sometimes high SES, denying. Could be suspicious and fearful. 48% are psychotic? If inpatient, suggest a false negative.
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Floating Profile
- High F (>80T)- All or most scales about >65A little bit of everything! BPD may figure in; moodiness, outbursts, and various defenses, with no pattern.
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Seven Report Sections
- Intro, History, Bx Observations, Tests, Results, Summary/Dx, Recommendations
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Good rapport building stuff for client feedback
- Be empathic- Avoid jargon- Use pg. 1 summary as prop if feasible- Ask patient to summarize to show their comprehension- Don't be defensive; ask for their experience
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16PF Global Factors (5)
ExtraversionIndependenceTough-mindednessSelf-controlAnxiety"EAST-I" or"i.e. TSA"
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16PF: RIASEC
RealisticInvestigative ArtisticSocial EnterprisingConventional
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How many 16PF Items are there?
185.
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What does PF stand for?
Personality Factors
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What factor was 'separated out' for the MMPI-2-RF?
Demoralization
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MMPI: Pros and Cons of RC scales?
Cons: May deviate too far from original scales and previous research may not be useful for this reason. Pros: Equal to higher internal consistency, reliability, validity
48
MMPI: Linear T Scores vs. Uniform
MMPI uses Uniform (similar % values) except for 5 and 0, which are Linear (not forced into normal curve bc they supposedly do not represent clinical constructs)
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MMPI: Underrepresented Groups
- Native Americans- Asians- 70-84 y.o.- people with under 12 years of education
50
CISS correspondences to Holland Themes
R -- ProducingI -- A(N)alyzingA -- CreatingS -- HelpingE -- InfluencingC -- Organizing[Also Adventuring, which doesn't correspond]PNCHIO PACHIO (both sound kind of like Pinocchio. Might not need to know this anyway.)
51
Campbell Interest and Skills Inventory (CISS)
- 320 items- 6-point Likert Scale- 25 minutes- 6th grade reading level- Age 15 and up (I) High Low High | Pursue Explore |(A) Low | Develop Avoid |
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CISS Scales and Ranges
- Orientation - Basic Skills and Interests Both 30-70- Occupational 25-75
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Skill Types
- Transferable- Existing Certifications or Licensures- Hobby Skills- Other
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Some Work Sample Examples (3)
- Purdue Pegboard- Valpar Work Sample System- Computer Skills / Keyboarding
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Achievement/Academic Tests (4)
- Woodcock-Johnson- WIAT-III- WRAT-IV- Nelson-Denny
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Assessing Job Readiness (3)
- Work history- Knowledge of the world of work- Job seeking skills
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Vocational Goal-setting (3)
- Specificity- Realism- Drive
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Areas in Vocational Report
- History/Background- Disability Factors- Vocational Goals- Aptitudes- Achievement- Skills- Interests - Samples of Work- Behavior ObservationsBASH DIVAS
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Attendant Factors
- Limitations based on the person (disability, religious commitments, etc.)
60
Suicide Items on MMPI-2
#303, #506, #520, #524 -- all TRUEMost of time wish I were deadI have recently considered killing myselfLately I have thought a lot about killing myselfNo one knows it but I have tried to kill myself
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MMPI-2 in specific populations
- Olders: 70+ underrepresented but no new norms needed, only small differences found, T +65 likely indicates same problems across age groups- Adolescents: MMPI-A (1992) 478 items 14-18 7th grade reading level adequate internal const., test-retest less stable over one year.
62
Interpreting Content Scales
- Use entire 567 items (not 370)- Refine meanings of clinical scales- Good consistency/stability/validity- Limited usefulness with: [High K] or [Low L-Low K-High F]T > 65: many descriptorsT 60-65: fewer descriptors
63
Ethnic Groups
- African Americans: few differences if matched by age and SES. Explore context if deviant scores- Hispanics: Spanish available. More similarities than differences, match by SES- Native Americans: moderately high scores in general (T=50-60)- Asian Americans: more research required- Substance Abuse: Scale 4, APS/AAS/MAC-R Less research on Rx drugs than alcohol, scales stay high even after recovery; know patient
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PTSD
- PK scale - 60 male Vietnam Vets for Norming- Emotional turmoil: anx, worry, guilt, dep., disturbing thoughts, lack of emotional control- Applicability: military. Susceptible to overreporting. PK may indicate general distress if VERY high.
65
Psychotic vs. Neurotic Slope
Psychotic: mostly elevation after 5Neurotic: mostly elevation before 5 VERY GENERAL
66
Spike Profile
Any scale over 65 and higher than all other scales by at least 8 T-scores
67
Non-psychotic 678
Scale 7 (middle, Pt) is the highest. Tense, preoccupied with failure Much less likely to be psychotic than if 7 is lower than 68
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Uses for Vocational Assessment
- Counseling- Out placement (merger, downsizing, fired)-- transferrable skills- Contract with companies for staffing- HS/Colleges often through parents- Consultant/Expert witness Disability, Social Security, Impact of Injury/Income
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BFJR
Bona Fide Job Requirement -- used to exclude people from jobs
