Assessment Exam 1 Rationale Flashcards
A major cause of blindness in tropical Africa is?
a. Ancylostoma duodenale
b. Enterobius vermicularis
c. Trichinela spiralis
d. Onchocerca volvulus
e. Clonorchis sinensis
d
The insect vector of Trypanosoma cruzi is the:
a. sand fly (Phlebotomus)
b. tsetse fly (Glossina)
c. sand fly (Lutzomyia)
d. reduviid (kissing bug)
e. black fly (Simulium)
d
Involvement of the liver, lungs, and eyes in humans (usually children) occurs after ingestion of the ova of the dog ascarid,known as
a. Ascaris lumbricoides
b. Onchocerca volvulus
c. Loa loa
d. Toxocara canis
e. Strongyloides stercoralis
d
All of the following are transmitted to man by ingestion of undercooked meat EXCEPT
a. Trichinella
b. Leishamina
c. Diphillobothium
d. Toxoplasma
e. Clonorchis
b
Leishmania = sandfly vector
A feature of the first phase of illness with Trichinella spiralis is
a. fever
b. eosinophilia
c. periorbital
d. mild abdominal symptoms
e. none of the above
d
Adult worms are in the intestines
The form of the hemoflagellates (Leishmania or Trypanosoma) seen within mammalian cells is the
a. amastigote (leishmanial stage)
b. promastigote (leptomonad stage)
c. epimastigote (crithidial stage)
d. trypomastigote (trypanosomal stage)
e. none of the above
a
Maturation and reproduction of adult Trichinella spiralis correlates to the
a. intestinal stage
b. migratory phase
c. encystment phase
d. warming of the infected meat
e. passage of ova in the stool
a
The event that correlates with the presence of fever paroxysm Plasmodium vivax malaria is
a. inoculation of sporozoites by the mosquito
b. invasion of hepatocytes by sporozoites
c. invasion of new red blood cells by merozoites
d. schizont rupture
e. gametocyte formation
d
it is why it is best collected before the fever spikes, this is where it release the schizont
Disease is acquired by the oral route and the major site of pathology is the hepatobiliary system in humans infected with
a. Schistosoma mansoni
b. Schistosoma haematobium
c. Schistosoma mekongi
d. Opisthorchis sinensis
e. None of the above
d
(Clonorchis sinensis)
Flagellated protozoa that cause gastroenteritis in humans include
a. Entamoeba histolytica
b. Trichomonas vaginalis
c. Balantidium coli
d. Giardia lamblia
e. none of the above
d
Also known as traveller’s Diarrhea
Congenital blindness and central nervous system involvement
a. Toxoplasma gondii
b. Trypanosoma cruzi
c. Naegleria fowleri
d. Cryptosporidium
e. Plasmodium falciparum
a
CONGENITAL BLINDNESS
Skeletal muscle, cardiac, and central nervous system involvement.
a. Trichinella spiralis
b. Taenia solium
c. Schistosoma haematobium
d, Paragonimus westermani
a
Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii)
a. sporozoan intestinal disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients
b. interstitial pneumonitis in an immunosuppressed patient
c. fulminant hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis acquired during swimming
d. flatulent diarrhea after travel to Moscow
e. hepatic abscess
a
But now it is called atypical fungus
A 5-year-old girl spent a year attending school in West Africa. She returned to the United States because of poor sleeping and intense itching in her anal area. Anal swab samples showed the presence of symmetrical ova, flattened on one side and containing larvae
a. Wuchereria bancrofti
b. Trichinella spiralis
c. Plasmodium malariae
d. Enterobius vermicularis
e. Entamoeba coli
d
Pruritus ani (Intense itchiness on the anal region)
Humans may acquire Toxoplasma gondii by
a. the venereal route
b. ingestion of cysts in poorly cooked meat
c. sustaining a cat bite
d. swimming (wading) in contaminated water
e. penetration of the skin of the lower extremity by the oocyst
b
A “parasite” that may be a fungus is the initial clinical manifestation in up to 60 percent of patients with AIDS. This organism is
a. Microsporidium
b. Cryptosporidium
c. Pneumocystis
d. Blastocystis
e. Blastomyces
c
Officialy now a fungus
A patient who had extended-wear contact lenses complained to an ophthalmologist about increasing irritation of the eye. The physician sent the patient’s contact lens cleaning solution to the laboratory. A wet mount revealed many ameboid organisms. Without further diagnostic or laboratory investigation, the most likely identification of the organism in the lens solution is
a. Acanthamoeba
b. Hartmannella
c. Pneumocystis
d. Naegleria
e. Paramecium
a
Causative agent of Ameobic keratitis
A previously healthy 14-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with severe frontal and bitemporal headache, lethargy, and fever. During the 3 weeks prior to admission, he had been swimming and diving in a freshwater lake. A lumbar puncture was done and examination revealed an elevated white blood cell count, primarily polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and motile amebae. The organism is most likely to be
a. Entamoeba histolytica
b. Entamoeba polecki
c. Dientamoeba fragilis
d. Acanthamoeba
e. Naegleria fowleri
e
Causative agent of prmary amoebic Menigoencephalitis
A Marine Corps sergeant who returned from Operation Desert Storm in Saudi Arabia reported to “sick bay” with cutaneous lesions on his lips and cheeks. Giemsa’s stain of the lesions revealed darkly staining kinetoplasts and light-staining nuclei within macrophages. The most likely cause of these lesions is
a. Trypanosoma
b. Toxoplasma
c. Sarcocystis
d. Histoplasma
e. Leishmania
e
Human infection with the beef tapeworm, Taenia saginata, usually is less serious than infection with the pork tapeworm, T. solium, because
a. acute intestinal stoppage is less common in beef tapeworm infection
b. larval invasion does not occur in beef tapeworm infection
c. toxic by-products are not given off by the adult beef tapeworm
d. the adult beef tapeworm are smaller
e. beef tapeworm eggs cause less irritation of the mucosa of the digestive tract
b
T. solium causes cysticercosis (Fav questions)
Recommendations for the control of human hookworm in endemic areas include the construction of sanitary facilities and the
a. thorough washing of fresh fruit and vegetables
b. thorough cooking of all meats
c. reduction of the wild dog population
d. use of insecticides to control flies
e. wearing of footwear
e
Prevent skin penetration
One million persons in the United States have roundworm infection. Which of the following parasites is a roundworm that hatches in the upper small intestine and releases rhabditiform larvae that penetrate the intestinal wall?
a. Hymenolepis nana
b. Diphyllobothrium latum
c. Schistosoma mansoni
d. Fasciola hepatica
e. Ascaris lumbricoides
e
Analysis of a patient’s stool reveals small structures resembling rice grains; microscopic examination shows these to be proglottids. The most likely organism in this patient’s stool is
a. Enterobius vermicularis
b. Ascaris lumbricoides
c. Necator americanus
d. Taenia saginata
e. Trichuris trichiura
d
The Rice grain is usually D. caninum since the proglottids is very small (Tapered)
Most tapeworms are intestinal parasites of humans. Humans can be both the intermediate and the definitive host of
a. Taenia solium
b. Taenia saginata
c. Diphyllobothrium latum
d. Dirofilaria immitis
e. Echinococcus granulosus
a
IH and DH both on humans have the high possibility that there may be intestinal infection AND Tissue infection
(Human may be Accidental Intermediate host since originally, the IG is pig)
The species of the protozoan Trichomonas that are found in humans are T. hominis (Pentatrichomonas hominis) and vaginalis. Which one of the following statements is true?
a. T. hominis is the most pathogenic for humans
b. T. hominis infects the distal small intestine
c. T. vaginalis usually causes erosion of the uterine mucosa
d. T. vaginalis is transmitted sexually
e. There are no morphologic differences between T. hominis and T. vaginalis
d
*Pentatrichomonas hominis is the new name for T.hominis
A teenager who works in a dog kennel after school has had a skin rash, eosinophilia, and an enlarged liver and spleen for 2 years.
a. Trichinosis
b. Schistosomiasis
c. Toxoplasmosis
d. Visceral larva migrans
e. Giardiasis
d
Cause by Toxocara canis
One of the most clinically significant infections in patients with AIDS is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). PCP is a treatable disease; therefore, rapid diagnosis is essential. The method of choice for detection of P. carinii in respiratory specimens is
a. methenamine silver stain
b. toluidine blue stain
c. direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) microscopy
d. indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) microscopy
e. culture in rat lung cells
c
*Pneumocystis jirovecii is the new name for Pneumocystis carinii
All of the following statements describe human lice EXCEPT:
a. they are wingless
b. they cause pruritic skin lesions
c. they transmit epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever
d. Pediculus humanus and Phthirus pubis are two species
e. They secrete a potent neurotoxin
e
Amebae that are parasitic in humans are found in the oral cavity and the intestinal tract. All of the following statements about intestinal amebae are true EXCEPT:
a. they are often nonpathogenic
b. they can cause peritonitis and liver abscesses
c. they are usually transmitted as cysts
d. they occur most abundantly in the cecum
e. infection with Entamoeba histolytica is limited to the intestinal tract
e
Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has been isolated from a variety of ticks such as Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma, Dermacentor, and Ixodes pacificus. All the following statements are true EXCEPT:
a. Ixodes scapularis is the new name for Ixodes dammini
b. White-tailed deer are an important reservoir for I. scapularis ticks
c. Only a small percentage of people who get bitten by a tick develop Lyme disease
d. Dermacentor and Amblyomma are significant vectors of B. burgdorferi to humans
e. Dogs and cats may contract Lyme disease after a tick bite
d
Lyme disease vectors: Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus
Entamoeba histolytica
a. Sigmoidoscopy and aspiration of mucosal lesions
b. Baermann technique
c. Dilution followed by egg count
d. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
e. Examination of a cellophane tape swab
a
Sigmoidoscopy use to test for amoebiasis
Baermann = HW and S.s.
Dilution followed by egg count
- Also known as Stoll Dilution
- used for Soiled transmitted helminths
Ascaris
a. Sigmoidoscopy and aspiration of mucosal lesions
b. Baermann technique
c. Dilution followed by egg count
d. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
e. Examination of a cellophane tape swab
c
A butcher, who is fond of eating raw hamburger, develops chorioretinitis; a Sabin-Feldman dye test is positive
a. Trichinosis
b.Schistosomiasis
c. Toxoplasmosis
d. Visceral larva migrans
e. Giardiasis
c
Sabin-Feldman dye test
- Gold standard for Toxoplasmosis
- Rgt = live T. gondii (Prev boards question)
A newspaper correspondent has diarrhea for 2 weeks following a trip to St. Petersburg (Leningrad)
a. Trichinosis
b. Schistosomiasis
c. Toxoplasmosis
d. Visceral larva migrans
e. Giardiasis
e
Traveller’s diarrhea
A helminth that is naturally transmitted by ingestion of pork or bear or walrus meat can be found in:
a. Vaginal secretions
b. Duodenal contents
c. Blood
d. Biopsied muscle
e. Sputum
d
Cysts of a protozoan that adhere to a piece of nylon yarn coiled in a gelatin capsule and swallowed can be isolated in:
a. Vaginal secretions
b. Duodenal contents
c. Blood
d. Biopsied muscle
e. Sputum
b
The nylon yarn coiled in a gelatin capsule is also known as Entero/String test
- Usually done to G. lamblia (but any parasite that lives in the intestine or duodenal region can be used)
Which of these trophozoites, when acting as a pathogen, is likely to ingest red blood cells of the host?
a. Entamoeba coli
b. Entamoeba hartmanni
c. Entamoeba histolytica
d. Endolimax nana
c
Which of the following is characteristic of the true amoebae?
a. peripheral chromatin on the nuclear border
b. chromatoid bodies in cysts
c. include pathogens and non-pathogens
d. all of the above
d
The point of differentiation on which one has to depend for separation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba hartmanni is
a. presence of peripheral chromatin
b. presence of chromatoid bodies
c. only one possesses a cyst form
d. size
d
Small race of E. histolytica
Which of these amoebae can be a pathogen?
a. Endolimax nana
b. Entamoeba hartmanni
c. Entamoeba histolytica
d. all of the above
c
