Assessment CPCE Flashcards
nominal scales
most basic measurement, for naming or classifying only
ordinal scales
rank or order of nominal categories
interval scales
possess magnitude and equal intervals such as temperature and checklists of behaviors
ratio scale
possess magnitude, equal intervals, and an absolute zero. Time and height
Reliability
how consistently a test measures and the extent to which it eliminates chance and other extraneous factors in its results.
dependability, reproducibility, stability,and consistency
measurement error
the positive or negative bias within an observed score
correlation
statistic assess the degree to which two sets of measures are related, for example how a tested trait or ability is related to a behaviour.
test-retest for reliability
administer a single test twice, with some period of time between administrations
time is the source of error
you correlate the mean individual scores for each administration
limited by memory and practice effects
ears consistency over time
alternate forms/ parallel forms for reliability
equivalent or parallel forms of a test are administered either at the same time or with time between administrations
split half for reliability
a single test is divided in half, usually by odd and even numbers, and comparing the resulting two scores for each individual
interitem
a single test is assessed to determine how items or a test are related to one another and to the total score
interrater
two or more judges rate events or behaviours simultaneously
validity
the extent to which meaningful and appropriate inferences can be made from the instrument.
also asked whether test scores measure what they’re supposed to measure
invalidity
construct underrepresentation, failing to include components or dimensions of a construct in an assessment
construct irrelevant variance indicates there’s too much noise or excess dimensions
face validity
if the assessment “looks like” it is measuring what it is supposed to measure
content validity
a sample of items is representative and reflects all major content components of a domain
criterion related validity
degree of prediction of a clients performance on a criterion assessed at the same time (concurrent) or sometime in the future (predicative).
Construct validity
degree to which an assessment is related to a theoretical construct
treatment validity
the impact of the assessment findings on the client
z score
basic standard score that allows us to estimate where a raw score would fall on a normal curve,
if you convert raw scores to 7 scores you can compare them across different types of tests easily
t score
the most common standard score
arbitrary mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10
raw scores
are meaningless and must be converted to a derived score
standardised scores
calculated based on a normal curve distribution and allow counsellors to compare different types of scores
Mental Status exam categories
appearance, attitude, activity, mood, affect, fluency of speech, repetition, comprehension, prosody, quality of speech, thought process, thought content , perception,
cognition, insight, judgement,
affect
external expression of emotional state
mood
clients self-reported emotion
SCL-90-R
list of 90 symptoms, provides scores for somatisation, obsessive- compulsive,
screening instrument to detect cases that need additional treatment
Suicide risk assessment
SAC Suicide assessment checklist, 12 items, based on clients suicide planning, suicide history, psychiatric history, drug use, and demographic characteristics and then the counsellor ratings of significant factors (holessness, worthlessness, social isolation. Lethality, plan, making final plans are always looked out for.
SAFE-T
the suicide assessment five step evaluation and triage
identifying relevant risk factors, identifying protective factors, conducting a sa
Four major assessment phases
Test selection, administration, interpretation,
communication of findings
Four useful tools
client satisfaction forms,
client self-report scales, client selfmonitoring, rating scales
Assessment of client’s stage of change
– Precontemplation, contemplation,
preparation, action, maintenance
Assessment of Depression
Beck Depression Inventory–II • Children’s Depression Inventory 2 – CDI 2 Self-Report [Short] Version, CDI-P, CDI-T • Geriatric Depression Scale • Hamilton Depression Inventory
Personality Assessments
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–IV
Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)
Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
California Psychological Inventory (CPI 434,
Unstructured Personality Assessments
Rorschach Inkblot Test
– Most widely used projective test
– 10 inkblots
Thematic Apperception Test
– 30 black-and-white cards (most portray humans)
TEMAS (Tell-Me-A-Story
Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank
House–Tree–Person
achievement tests
Woodcock-Johnson III (WJ-III) was developed to
examine possible differences between individual
achievement and intelligence tests
Aptitude Assessment
Scholastic Aptitude Tests
n Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)
n American College Testing (ACT)
n Graduate Record Examination (GRE)
