Assessment and Management of Patients With Eye and Vision Disorders

Question 1

Emmetropia

Answer 1

normal vision

Question 2

Myopia

Answer 2

nearsighted

Question 3

Hyperopia

Answer 3

farsighted

Question 4

Astigmatism

Answer 4

Distortion caused by irregularity of the cornea

Question 5

Ptosis

Answer 5

Drooping eyelid

Question 6

Nystagmus

Answer 6

Oscillating movement of eyeball

Question 7

Assessment of Low Vision

Answer 7

• History
• Examination of vision
• Functional ability, coping, and adaptation

Question 8

Presbyopia

Answer 8

Loss of accommodative power in the lens

Question 9

Glaucoma

Answer 9

A group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging a nerve in the back of your eye called the optic nerve

Question 10

Cataracts

Answer 10

A cloudy area in the lens of your eye

Question 11

Detached Retina

Answer 11

Separation of the sensory retina and the RPE (retinal pigment epithelium)

Question 13

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Answer 13

Leading cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment in the world

Question 14

Manifestations Hearing Loss

Answer 14

• Tinnitus: perception of sound; often “ringing in the ears”
• Increased inability to hear in a group
• Turning up the volume on the TV

Question 15

Cerumen impaction

Answer 15

Removal may be by irrigation, suction, or instrumentation

Question 16

External otitis

Answer 16

Inflammation commonly caused by bacteria Staphylococcus or Pseudomonas, or fungal infection from Aspergillus spp
Manifestations include pain and tenderness, discharge, edema, erythema, pruritus, hearing loss, feelings of fullness in the ear

Question 17

Acute otitis media

Answer 17

• Pathogens are most commonly bacterial or viral
• Manifestations include otalgia (ear pain), fever, and hearing loss

Question 18

Serous otitis media

Answer 18

Fluid in the middle ear without evidence of infection

Question 19

Chronic otitis media

Answer 19

• Result of recurrent acute otitis media
• Chronic infection damages the tympanic membrane, ossicle, and involves the mastoid

Question 20

Dizziness

Answer 20

Any altered sense of orientation in space

Question 21

Vertigo

Answer 21

The illusion of motion or a spinning sensation

Question 22

Nystagmus

Answer 22

Involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyes associated with vestibular dysfunction

Question 23

Ménière Disease

Answer 23

Abnormal inner ear fluid balance cause by malabsorption of the endolymphatic sac or blockage of the endolymphatic duct