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7PAYFPSY Psychology and Neuroscience of Psychosis - October 2023 > Assessment and intervention > Flashcards

Assessment and intervention Flashcards

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1
Q

What is some information as assessor needs when asking about past psychiatric history?

A
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2
Q

When assessing, do you normal do mental state before or after history?

A

ordinarily, you get it after the history.

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3
Q

What are the parts of the mental state observed or questions when assessing mental state?

A
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4
Q

If the history contains the story, what does the mental state contain?
One is static and the other one is..

A

The phenomenology
dynamic

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

Odd ideas aren’t enough to conclude someone is delusional. Delusions must be….

A

and culturally inappropriate beliefs.

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7
Q

Feelings of being….

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8
Q

Sense of things….

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9
Q

Sense of having…

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10
Q

What is passivity phenomena?

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11
Q

What is ideas of reference?

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12
Q

What are thought
- insertion
- withdrawal
- broadcasting
- echo

A
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13
Q

What is it called when someone has a sense of thoughts being implanted into their brain?

A

thought insertion.

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14
Q

What is it called when someone has a sense of thoughts being taken out from their brain?

A

thought withdrawal

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15
Q

What is it called when someone has a feeling that one’s thoughts can be heard by other people?

A

Thought broadcasting

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16
Q

What is it called when someone has a feeling that one’s thoughts echoing around one’s head?

A

thought echo

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17
Q

What is it called when someone has difficulty in conveying thoughts in a logical linear nature?

A

Formal thought disorder.

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18
Q

In formal thought disorder, is there an issue with form or content?

A

Form. The content hasn’t changed, what changes is the ability to convey it in a logical linear manner.

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19
Q

What is a third person hallucination?

A

The hallucination talks about the person. ‘he’s useless’

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20
Q

What is a command hallucination?

A

A voice that tells an individual to do something.

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21
Q

What is a second person hallucination?

A

A voice that talks to an individual

22
Q
A
23
Q

What are the ….

A
24
Q
A
25
Q

What does the medication, Haloperidol do and what is it effective for?

A

It blocks amphetamine, and is a highly-effective medicine for schizophrenic psychoses. In small doses it’s a powerful treatment against hallucinations, delusions and agitation.

26
Q

n

Chlorpromazine and haloperidol could inhibit learning in animals, a process called….

A

conditioned avoidance.

27
Q

What can a test for conditioned avoidance be used for?

A

The ability to disrupt conditioned avoidance was a marker of a drug with antipsychotic activity in man.

28
Q

Is dopamine a fast or slow neuromodulator?

A

Slow

29
Q

What are examples of fast neurotransmitters?

A
30
Q

Summarise the difference between fast and slow neuromodulators

A

fast neuromodulators act quickly to modulate synaptic transmission and are involved in rapid neural communication, while slow neuromodulators have a more protracted impact, influencing higher-order brain functions and long-term behavioral regulation.

31
Q

Discuss
**Slow Neuromodulators:
**
Speed:
Function:
Examples:
Duration:

A

Slow Neuromodulators:

Speed: Slow neuromodulators work at a slower pace, taking longer to exert their influence on neural circuits.
**Function: **They regulate more complex, long-lasting processes such as learning, memory, mood, and arousal.
Examples: Neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are considered slow neuromodulators due to their role in modulating mood and behavior.
Duration: Their effects are enduring and can last from minutes to hours or even longer.

32
Q

Discuss
**Fast Neuromodulators:
**
Speed:
Function:
Examples:
Duration:

A

**Fast Neuromodulators:
**
**Speed: **Fast neuromodulators work rapidly and have immediate effects on neuronal activity.
Function: They primarily modulate the strength of synaptic transmission between neurons, affecting the intensity of signals between nerve cells.
Examples: Neurotransmitters like glutamate, which excite neurons, and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which inhibits neurons, are considered fast neuromodulators.
Duration: Their effects are short-lived and brief, typically lasting milliseconds to seconds.

33
Q

Dopamine is involed in how the higher circuits….

A

adapt and learn e.g conditioned avoidance.

34
Q

Dopamine is a teaching signal, which adjusts the…

A

strength of connections in the higher circtuits

35
Q

The striatum is a critical site for learning ….

A

new habits of thought and movement.

36
Q

In the awake brain, how often do dopamine neurons ‘spike’?

A

Every second or so.

37
Q

What mode do the dopamine neurons enter into when they encounter a new stimulus? What does this pattern of firing adjust?

A
38
Q

What happens to dopamine neuron firing when an anticipated and predictable reward fails to materialise?

A

it switches off for several seconds

39
Q

All antipsychotic drugs work by blocking what?

A

dopamine type 2 receptor D2

40
Q

Quetiapine and chlorpromazine have a strong what effect, and what is the result?

A

Histamine effect, which sedation is attributed to.

41
Q

What is the main emphasis of antipsychotic drug in the maintenance phase?

A

It is on avoiding side-effects so the patient sticks with treatment and is at lower risk of relaps.

42
Q

what % of patients do not getter better with antipsychotic treatment and what is this called?

A

10-20% treatment resistant

43
Q

what medication can help treatment resistant patients?

A

clozapine?

44
Q

How does clozapine work?

A
45
Q

After 6 weeks, what % of treatment resistant patients will improve with clozapine use?

A

30% get better

46
Q

After 6 weeks, what % of treatment resistant patients will improve with clozapine use?

A

60-70%

47
Q

What are some of the strengths of clozapine treatment?

A
48
Q

What are some of the weaknesses of clozapine treatment?

A
49
Q

What difference is seen in relapse rates between patients using long-acting injectable risperidone and oral risperidone

A
50
Q
A

7PAYFPSY Psychology and Neuroscience of Psychosis - October 2023 (5 decks)

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