Assessment and Diagnosis Flashcards
Clanging
rhyming groups of words, similar sounding words with no logical reason to be grouped together.
Echolalia
meaningless repetitions of words
Word Salad
unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and phrases
Flight of Ideas
someone who talks quickly and erratically, jumping rapidly between ideas and thoughts.
Loose Associations
lack of connection between ideas. random jumble of words and phrases.
Cognitive Functioning
Mini Mental Status Exam
MOCA- Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Suicidality
CSSRS- Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale
Abnormal Movements
AIMS- Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale
Nihilistic Delusion
delusional belief of being dead, decomposed or annihilated, having lost one’s own internal organs or even not existing entirely as a human being.
Freud- Psychosexual Stages of Development
5 Stages. Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital.
Ruled by ID (innate pleasure principle), EGO (conscious process. Patience), and Super EGO (Morality and ethical standards).
Defense Mechanism: Sublimation
a defense mechanism that involves channeling unwanted or unacceptable urges into an admissible or productive outlet.
Defense Mechanism: Introjection
provides the illusion of maintaining relationship but at the expense of a loss of self.
Defense Mechanism: reaction Formation
a defense mechanism in which people express the opposite of their true feelings, sometimes to an exaggerated extent
Defense Mechanism: Displacement
Transferring one’s emotional burden or emotional reaction from one entity to another.
Piaget- Cognitive Stages of Development
Sensorimotor (Birth to 2 y.o.)
Preoperational (2-7 y.o)
Concrete Operations (7-11)
Formal Operations (11+)
Sensorimotor Stage
Birth to 2 y.o.
Object Permanence
Schema (knowledge) acquisition- perception of the world through senses
Preoperational Stage
2-7 y.o.
Symbolic thought- symbols and words can represent other objects.
Start pretend play, rigidity of thought, and language is egocentric.
Concrete Operations
7-11 y.o
Operational thought- Learn the idea of conservation.
Able to have more than 1 perspective.
Formal Operations
11+
Abstract concepts- can generate hypothesis.
Moral reasoning starts to take place.
Erikson - Psychosocial Stages of Development
Trust v. Mistrust (0-2 y.o)
Autonomy v Shame/Doubt (2-3 y.o)
Industry v Guilt (3-6 y.o)
Industry v Inferiority (7-12)
Identity v Role Confusion (13-19)
Intimacy v Isolation (20-39)
Generativity vs Stagnation (40-59)
Ego Integrity v Despair (60+)
Trust v Mistrust
0-2 y.o.
Can I trust the world?
feeding, abandonment.
Autonomy v Shame/Doubt
2-3 y.o.
Is it OK to be me?
Toilet Training, clothing self.
Initiative v Guilt
3-6 y.o
Is it OK for me to do, move, and act?
Exploring, using tools or making art
Industry v Inferiority
7-12 y.o
Can I make it in the world?
School, Sports
Identity v Role Confusion
13-19 y.o
Who am I? Who can I be?
Social relationships
Intimacy v Isolation
20-39 y.o
Can I love?
Romantic relationships
Generativity v Stagnation
40-59 y.o
Can I make my life count?
Work, Parenthood
Ego Integrity v Despair
60+
Is it OK to have been me?
Reflection on life
Sullivan
Social development stages
Kohlberg- Moral Theory of Development
Preconvention Period- 0-3y.o
*stage 1- obedience and punishment
*stage 2- self interest
Conventional Period- School age
*stage 3- Conformity and interpersonal accord
*stage 4- authority and social order
Post-conventional period- teens to adulthood
*stage 5- social contract
*Stage 6- universal ethics
Maslow’s Heirarchy of Needs
Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-actualization
Peplau- interpersonal relationship Theory
4 Phases- Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, and Resolution.
Bowlby and Ainsworth
Attachment Theory- strange person experiments . Caregiver present, stranger present.
Sevure attachment, Anxious ambivalent, anxious avoidant, disorganized/disoriented attachment.
Psychoanalytic theory
Freud- concepts of transference and countertransference
Classical Conditioning
Pavlov- ring bell dog drools
Watson- Little Albert, fear of white fur.
Operant Conditioning
Skinner- reward or punishment for specific behaviors.
Social learning
Albert Bandura- Bobo doll - imitation of aggressive, neglectful, and caring behaviors.
Transcultural Nursing Care
Cultural competent nursing care
Pender- Health Promotion Model
Belief that an action will help, i’m more likely to do it.
Benner- Novice to Expert
used in education, learning, and orientation.
Nursing Process Phases
ANPIE
Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Planning and Outcomes, Implementation, Evaluation.
neurotransmitters: Depression
Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Dopamine (DECREASED LEVELS)
neurotransmitters: Mania
Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Dopamine (INCREASED LEVELS)
neurotransmitters: Schizophrenia
Dopamine (HIGH OR LOW levels)
neurotransmitters: Eating Disorders
Serotonin (Decreased Levels)
Personality Disorder- Cluster A
Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Personality Disorder- Cluster B
Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic
Personality Disorder- Cluster C
Avoidant, Dependent, OCD
Opioid withdrawal
Tearing eyes, diarrhea, muscle cramps, aches, piloerection, runny nose
Alcohol Withdrawal
Headache, nausea, tremors, anxiety, hallucinations, seizures
Benzo Withdrawal
muscle aches/ spasms, nausea, insomnia, seizures, detachment from reality, anxiety, depression.
Autism Spectrum
Persistent deficits in social communication/ interactions.
*Rett syndrome- affects females only (mutation on X) Head growth deceleration and loss of skills
*Heller syndrome- Clinically significant loss of previous skills
ADHD
Attention deficit (girls), hyperactivity (boys), and impulsive type.
*assessment scales- IOWA conners, Vanderbilt Parent/Teacher.
Coprolalia
involuntary and repetitive use of profane and expletive language.
PANDAS
develop OCD and ticks. Usually full recover with time.
Dementia
Alzheimer’s- Slow onset and no cure.
AIDS dementia, Lewy Body, Pick’s Disease, Tertiary Syphilis, Vascular, Wernicke-Korsakoffs.
Delerium
cognitive disturbance that cannot be accounted for by a pre-existing dementia. Rapid Onset.
