Assessment 1 Flashcards
An 8 year old NM mixed breed dog is being evaluated bc of a 3 day hx of head tilt. On PE, the dog is moderately ataxic and tends to stumble to the left. A horizontal nystagmus is present with the fast phase to the right. Which of the following additional signs is most indicative of a central lesion rather than a peripheral lesion? Miotic left pupil Proprioceptive positioning deficits Pyrexia Vomiting Weakened palpebral reflex on the left
Proprioceptive positioning deficits
The rodenticides brodifacoum and bromadiolone cause which of the following conditions in cats? Coagulopathy Hepatotoxicity Neurotoxicosis Organophosphate toxicity Renal toxicity
Renal toxicity
According to the table, which of the following is the specificity of this test?
Feline leukemia virus test result
present absent
positive 16 171 187
Negative 58 508 566
74 679 753
58/566 171/679 171/753 508/679 508/753
508/679
A mature Holstein cow is being evaluated bc of dystocia. On vaginal exam, the canal is very narrow, and there are folds in the dorsal vaginal wall directed anteriorly to the left. With effort, it is possible to pass a hand through the narrowed area of the vagina. The servix is partially dilated and the feet of the calf are accessible. Which of the following is the most appropriate method of delivering the calf?
Allow more time for the cervix to fully dilate
Cast the cow on the same side as the direction of the uterine torsion and roll cow in opposite direction
Cast the cow on the side opposite of the direction of the uterine torsion and roll the cow in the opposite direction
Correct the uterine torsion by manipulating the calf by hand or with a detorsion rod in the direction of the torsion
Correct the uterine torsion by manipulating the calf by hand or with a detorsion rod in the opposite direction of the torsion
Correct the uterine torsion by manipulating the calf by hand or with a detorsion rod in the direction of the torsion
Cutaneous larva migrans in humans is usually caused by larval migration of which of the following parasites? Ancylostoma caninum Capillaria aerophila Dipylidium caninum Toxocara canis Trichuris vulpes
Ancylostoma caninum
In swine, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is characterized as which of the following?
Acute with a low morbidity and high mortality
Acute with a high morbidity and high mortality
Chronic with a high morbidity and high mortality
Chronic with a high morbidity and low mortality
Chronic with a low morbidity and low mortality
Chronic with a high morbidity and low mortality
Which of the following is the most likely cause of sterility in the male mule? Absence of spermatogonia Bilateraly cryptorchidism Chromosome incompatibility Hermaphroditism Inability to copulate
Chromosome incompatibility
A 10 week old arabian foal is being evaluated bc of a hx of recurrent respiratory infections characterized by pyrexia, purulent nasal discharge, cough, and respir distress following exercise. Although the foaling was normal and passive transfer of maternal antibodies was adequate, the foal developed respiratory disease as well as dermatophilosis by 6 weeks of age. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Combined immune deficiency syndrome Herpes pneumonitis Rhodococcal pneumonia Streptococcus equi pneumonia Vegetative endocarditis
Combined immune deficiency syndrome
A dog is being evaluated bc of bilateral symmetric alopecia and a hx of polyuria and polydipsia. An adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test results in a threefold increase in plasma cortisol concentration from 9 to 27 ug/dL (N 5.4-16). No decrease in plasma cortisol conc is observed following a high dose dexamethasone suppression test. These results are most consistent with which of the following?
Administration of iatrogenic glucocorticoids
Excessive administration of milotane
Functional adrenocortical tumor
Functional pheochromocytoma
Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
A 4 yr old beef cow has been gradually losing weight over the past 2 months. The cow is eating but her appetite is decreased. The owner has not noticed any diarrhea. Temp, pulse, respir are normal. On physical exam, the cow has a body condition score of 2.5/9. The left paralumbar fossa is markedly distended, as is the lower right side of the abdomen. Rumen motility is present but erratic and incomplete. On rectal palpation, the rumen extends to the pelvis and across the midline of the abdomen ventrally. The rumen is full, and ingesta is firm. Which of the following is the most likely explaination for these findings? Cecal dilation Chronic parasitism Left displaced abomasum Traumatic reticuloperitonitis Vagal indigestion
Vagal indigestion
In examining the records of commercial beef herds, which of the following production parameters is cause for concern? A 12 month calving interval A 20% preweaning mortality rate A 60 day calving season A 550lb weaning weight 950lb yearling weight
A 20% preweaning mortality rate
Which of the following are the most important features to evaluate in the diagnosis of intervertebral disk disease in the dog?
Density of the vertebral body, alignment of articular facets, width of vertebral canal
Density of vertebral body, width of disk space, width of vertebral canal
Symmetry of intervertebral foramina, width of disk space, density of vertebral body
Symmetry of intervertebral foramina, width of disk space, disk calcification
Width of disk space, disk calcification, disarticulation of articular facets
Symmetry of intervertebral foramina, width of disk space, disk calcification
A 5yr old symptomatic cat tests antigen positive for heartworm disease. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? Dithiazanine iodide orally for 7 days Levamisole orally for 7 days Melarsomine dihydrochloride IM once Prednisolone orally q24hr for 14 days Thiacetarsamide IV q12hrs for 2 days
Prednisolone orally q24hr for 14 days
Which of the following parasites is most likely responsible for diarrhea in 5 to 15 day old suckling pigs? Balantidium coli Eimeria debliecki Entamoeaba suis Isospora suis Tritrichomonas suis
Isospora suis
The amino acid taurine is required in feline diets to prevent the development of which of the following? Cataracts Central retinal degeneration Corneal endothelial dystrophy Iris atrophy Optic disk coloboma
Central retinal degeneration
A producer wants to minimize the occurrence of pregnancy toxemia in a flock of crossbred ewes. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation?
Add chloretracycline to the ration that is fed to the ewes in late gestation
Reduce feeding concentrates and limit exercise during the last trimester
Target genetic selection from the ewe flock and the breeding ram to produce single lambs rather than multiples
Target the plane of nutrition to avoid the extremes in body condition in the pregnant ewes
Vaccinate pregnant ewes with Clostridium perfringens types C and D approx 4 weeks before due to lamb
Target the plane of nutrition to avoid the extremes in body condition in the pregnant ewes
Cytologic exam of feces from a cat with large bowel diarrhea shows many spore forming rods that are morphologically consistent w/ Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin producers. Which of the following drugs is NOT effective against this organism? Amoxicillin Ampicillin Cephalexin Enrofloxacin Metronidazole
Enrofloxacin-
Floroquinolones only affect GN and C. perfringens is GP anarobe
The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of an anesthetic agent is a measure of which of the following?
Degree of solubility of the agent
Diffusion barrier for the agent b/t air and blood
Minimum measurement conc of the agent in exhaled air
Potency of the agent
Speed of induction of the agents
Potency of the agent
A photo of an endoscopic view of the upper airway of a 5 yr old dutch warmblood gelding. It shows the larnyx with the left side flacid and the right side in normal position. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? Administer antimicrobial Prosthetic laryngoplasty Staphylectomy Sternothyroid myectomy Transection of the aryepiglottic fold
Prosthetic laryngoplasty
In a budgerigar with gout, lab tests of serum are most likely to show an increase in which of the following? AST Ca conc Crea conc BUN conc Uric acid conc
Uric acid conc
Several 1 month old calves are being evaluated bc of blood tinged, fetid diarrhea. The calves are treated with antimicrobial drugs and oral electrolyte fluids, but there are no signs of improvement. Fecal culture negative, however, many orgamisms are identified on fecal float as shown (circular ring with circle inside). Based on this sample, which is the most likely diagnosis? Coccidiosis Colibacillosis Giardiasis Helminthiasis Salmonellosis
coccidiosis- look up pic if needed
The pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema and emphysema in the bovine most likely involves injury to pulmonary tissue by which of the following substances? Indole Indoleacetic acid I- Typtophan 3-Methylindole Volatile fatty acids
3-Methylindole
Which of the following is the most common cause of death in male cat that had a urethral obstruction for 72 hrs? Hyperkalemia Ruptured bladder Metabolic acidosis Hypoglycemia Septicemia
Hyperkalemia
A 6yr thoroughbred gelding was involved in a motor vehicle collision while riding in a trailer 3 weeks ago. PE shows healing superficial abrasions on face. A photo is shown with the right side of horses face hanging while the left side of the face is lifted upward. Injury to which of the following nerves is the most likely underlying cause of these findings? Left facial VII nerve Right facial VII nerve Left trigeminal V Right trigeminal V
Right facial VII nerve
A cat is being evaluated bc of rapidly growing nodules on the head. 2 of the nodules have ulcerated and are covered with a mucoid exudate. A photo of cells is shown with a thin circle in the center of a thick circle bordering it. What is the most likley causative organism? Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidioides immitis Cryptococcus neoformans Histoplasma capsulatum Sporothrix schenckii
Cryptococcus neoformans
A valuable 3 yr old angus bull is being evaluated bc of lameness of left hind. The bull will touch the toe to the ground but does not bear weight on foot. There is a large, smoot, pedunculated mass b/t the toes of the left hind limb. This mass is toughing the ground at the back of the interdigital space. The bull reacts painfully when the toes are pushed together. What is the appropriate management? Application of tetracycline spray Confining bull to a dry, clean paddock Culling bull Injection of systemic tetracycline Surgical removal of mass
Surgical removal of mass
The owner of a 9 yr NM lab has found numerous piles of undigested food mixed with whitish foam throughout the house and yard over the past week. A radiograph of the thoracic cavity is shown... These findings are consistent with? Aspiration pneumonia Mediastinal mass Megaesophagus Primary pulmonary tumor Pulmonary edema
Megaesophagus
5% of flock of 30,000 5 week old broiler chickens have sudden onset of diarrhea. On postmortem exam, birds are dehydrated; middle third of intestine is dilated and inflammed with bloody intestinal contents. Which of the following is the most likely cause? Capillaria Eimeria Haemoproteus Heterakis Syngamus
Eimeria
Which is the most likely cause associated with Mycoplasma mastitis in bovine?
Access to swampy pastures
Ca Phos imbalance
Feeding moldy silage
Kiln dried sawdust bedding
Use of contaminated intramammary cannulas
Use of contaminated intramammary cannulas
Rotavirus infection involves which of the following areas of the GI tract in calves? Duodenum only Ileum only Small intestine only Large intestine only Small and large intestine
Small and large intestine
Which of the following is the most likely cause of bilateral nasal discharge in a 4 month old cat? Bacterial pneumonia Cleft palate Oronasal fistula Viral pneumonia Viral rhinitis
Viral rhinitis
A 10 yr old SF cat is being evaluated bc of suspected injury to both hindlimbs. The cat has been drinnking and urinating excessively for the past 2 months. She is walking in a plantigrade stance. Which of the following is most likely cause of the stance? Bilateral Achilles tendon injury Diabetes mellitus Hyperadrenocorticism Hyperthyroidism Lumbar intervertebral disk disease
Diabetes mellitus
A 12 yr old SF cat has had inappetance for the past 2 weeks. On PE, a raised ulcerated mass is noted around 1st and 2nd molars of the lower jaw. There is blood in the saliva. Which is the most likely diagnosis? Acanthomatous epulis Chondrosarcoma Malignant melanoma Osteosarcoma Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Acetaminophen toxicity in cats is best treated with which of the following drugs? Acetylcysteine Diazepam Dimenhydrinate Doxapram Doxorubicin
Acetylcysteine
A 66 pound dog is prescribed IV lactated ringers solution 1000mL to be administered over a 6hr period. If 1mL of fluid is delivered in 10 drops, which of the following is the most appropriate drip rate, rounded to the nearest whole number? 4 drops/min 28 drops/min 50 drops/min 120 drops/min
28 drops/min
On routine PE, a 2 yr old male Whippet is noted to have dark yellow stained teeth. The teeth have had this appearance since the dog was a puppy. The dogs diet consists of grocery store brand food. Which of the following is the most likely explaination of the discoloration of this dogs teeth?
Accumulation of tartar
Congenital defect in production of enamel
Diet low in Ca
Ingestion of cephalexin by the bitch during pregnancy
Ingestion of tetracycline as a puppy
Ingestion of tetracycline as a puppy
In the dog, which of the following abnormalities is the most typical of estrogen toxicity? Acute renal failue Erythrocytosis Hepatic necrosis Seizures Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Which of the following antibiotics will allow the sale of milk in the shortest time after use in cattle? Ampicillin Ceftiofur Enrofloxacin Ocytetracycline Spectinomycin
Ceftiofur
In horses, which of the following is the most common site of osteochondritis dessicans of the hock? Intermediate ridge of the tibia Lateral ridge of the trochlea Medial ridge of the trochlea Sustentaculum Third tarsal bone
Lateral ridge of the trochlea
A 7yr old bulldog used for breeding is polyuric, polydipsic and very depressed seven weeks after her last heat cycle. She is about 10% dehydrated. On PE, a large tubule structure is palpated in the midcaudal abdomen. Lab test shows elevated WBC with bands, increased BUN and creatinine. In addition to IV fluids, which of the following is most appropriate?
Administration of diethylstilbestrol for four days
Administration of prostaglandin F2alpha for three days
Oral antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks
Ovariohysterectomy
Uterine lavage
Ovariohysterectomy
A 1 yr old NM basset hound has been unable to close his mouth for the past 4 hrs. There is no hx of trauma. Pain is elicited on PE of the jaw, which is locked open at 45 degree angle and cannot be closed manually. The remainder of the PE is unremarkable. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition? Craniomandibular osteopathy Masticatory myositis Temporomandibular luxation Tetanus Zygomatic arch fracture
Temporomandibular luxation
A 3 week old hand fed cockatiel has had delayed crop emptying and a palpably thickened crop for 2 days. The bird has just started regurgitating. Cytologic exam of crop contents shows a large number of thick walled, budding organisms. Which of the following is the most likely diagonosis? Candidiasis Capillariasis Chlamydiosis Coccidiosis Cryptosporidiosis
Candidiasis
In the dog, decreased skin elasticity is most likely associated with which of the following? Acanthosis nigricans Acromegaly Hyperadrenocorticism Seborrhea sicca Sertoli cell tumor
Hyperadrenocorticism
A 7 yr lab has the sudden onset of stridor, cyanosis, and dyspnea that worsen with exercise. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? An elongated soft palate Laryngeal paralysis Oslerus osleri infection Stenotic nares Tracheal collapse
Laryngeal paralysis
A laboratory ferret should be routinely vaccinated against which of the following diseases? Canine distemper Feline panleuk Feline viral rhinotracheitis Infectious canine hepatitis Mink enteris
Canine distemper
A mother claims her 6 yr old daughter has been diagnosed with "skin worms". She thinks her daughter contracted the worms from the family's new kitten. A photograph of the skin lesion is show on the neck, red and circular. Which of the following questions is the most appropriate to ask? Are other family members affected? Does the cat eat raw meat? Does her daughter clean the litter pan? Does her daughter walk barefoot outside? Has the cat had fleas?
Are other family members affected?
At which of the following ages does the equine central incisor erupt? 2 1/2 years 3 1/2 years 4 1/2 years 5 1/2 years 6 1/2 years
2 1/2 years
An 8 yr NM Doberman Pinscher has had stranguria and hematuria for the past 3 days. On PE, the dog is depressed, dehydrated and hypothermic. The abdomen is tense on palpation. Which of the following conditions is evident in the abdominal radiograph shown? (it show a circular radio-opacity in the area of the bladder) Prostatic hyperplasia Prostatic neoplasia TCC Urethral calculi Urethral stricture
Urethral calculi
In the dog, cancellous bone grafts are most likely are most commonly taken from which of the following areas? Illiac crest Ischium Radius Rib Scapula
Illiac crest
A number of 3 week olld broilers have problems with lameness. Post mortem exam of representative birds shows swollen joints with a purulent exudate. Which is the most appropriate next step?
Add chlortetracycline to feed
Add vit D3 to feed
Add metronidazole to feed
Advise the owner to market the flock immediately
Report the findings to the state regulatory officials
Report the findings to the state regulatory officials
A 2 yr old male lab has had bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge for the past 2 months. The dog shows no systemic signs of illness. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Coccidiodomycosis Cryptococcosis Distemper Nasal adenocarcinoma Nasal aspergillosis
Nasal aspergillosis
A 4 yr old gelding that was castrated 12 hrs agp has persistent bleeding from the surgical site. Rectal temp 98.6F, HR 80bpm, RR 60bpm. PE shows pale mm, absence of intestinal borborygmi and CRT 3 sec. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
Application of an elastrator band to the scrotal remnants
Drainage of the abdomen and autotransfusion
IV administration of heparin
IV administration of oxytoxin
Ligation of the bleeding vessel under anesthesia
Ligation of the bleeding vessel under anesthesia
A juvenile yellow-naped Amazon parrot dies 1 week after being acquired from a traveling bird dealer. Paramyxovirus 1 is identified by virus isolation subsequent to necropsy. 15 other parrots acquired at the same time appear healthy. Which is the most appropriate next step?
Advise the owner to be tested for dz
Euthanize all remaining birds, incinerate carcasses
Randomly select 2 birds for necropsy to confirm a problem with flock
Report finding to govt authorities
Treat remaining birds with acyclovir
Report finding to govt authorities
In a male cat with urethral obstruction, spiked T waves on an electrocardiogram are most likely caused by which of the following? Hypercalcemia Hyperkalemia Necrosis of cardiac muscle Serum crea conc grater than 10mg/dl Severe acidosis
Hyperkalemia
The manager of a large stud farm requests a consult to discuss possible prevention measures against West Nile virus. Which of the following management options is most appropriate? Cotrol the possum population Control white tailed deer population Eliminate bird nesting areas on farm Eliminate mosquito-breeding area on farm Remove fecal piles from pastures
Eliminate mosquito-breeding area on farm
10-15% of the animals in a grower/finisher swine farm are anorectic and have temps greater than 106F. Several have died, and postmortem exam shows fibrous pleuritis and fibrohemorrhagic pneumonia lesions primarily in the diaphragmatic lung lobes. Which is the most likely cause? Swine influenza Haemophilus parasuis Actinobacillus hyopneumoniae Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae Pseudorabies virus
Actinobacillus hyopneumoniae
Based on the data, which test has the fewest false positive results?
AGID specificity 0.98
Fecal culture specificity 1.00
AGID
Fecal culture
Fecal culture
A horse photographed, shows a left head tilt with left facial drooping. He has appeared this was for 10 days without change. Which of the following pairs of cranial nerves is most likely affected?
Trochlear (IV) and abducens (VI)
Trigeminal (V) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X) and accessory (XI)
Facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Which of the following is the most appropriate antibiotic for the treatment of beta-streptococcal pneumonia in horses? Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Gentimicin Oxytetracycline Penicillin
Penicillin
In the cat, fractures of which of the following bones are most amenable to cast fixation? Femur Humerus Pelvis Scapula Tibia
Tibia
A 4yr old Guernsey cow dies while being treated for botulism. Which of the following is the most likely finding on postmortem exam? Cerebral edema Diffuse pallor of skeletal muscle GI ulcers Putrefying food in rumen No distinguishing lesions
No distinguishing lesions
Several 4 month lambs from a group of 30 lambs are found dead in a pasture. On postmortem,, the carcasses are emaciated and the tissues appear pale. The abomasum contains red-brown fluid with numerous threadlike worms. Which of the following drugs is most appropriate in the treatment of the remaining lambs? Amprolium Clorsulon Ivermectin Monesin Sulfadimethoxine
Ivermectin
Excessive intake of which of the following feed additives is most likely to result in signs of cardiac toxicity in feedlot cattle? Ca phosphate Chlortetracycline Mg oxide Monesin Urea
Monesin
A 12yr M golden is being evaluated bc of 5 day hx severe weakness. PE and neuro exam show no abnormalities when the dog is rested. However, with minnimal exercise, the dog becomes progressively weak and eventually nonabmulatory. PE at that time shows bilateral facial paralysis, drooling, and decreased spinal reflexes with repeated stimulation. Muscle strength returns within minutes of resting. A challenge test with IV edrophonium chloride greatly increases the dogs muscle strength. Thoracic rads show megaesophagus and a large, poorly defined sft tissue mass in the cranial mediastinum. Which of the following is the most likely dx of the thoracic mass? Chemodectoma Lymphoma Pulmonary adenocarcinoma Thymoma Thyroid carcinoma
Thymoma
Which of the following most closely approxamates the length of normal gestation in a cow in days? 63 114 280 300 330
280
A male dog is infected with Brucella canis. Which of the following is the most likely associated condition? Balanoposthitis Cystitis Epididymitis Myocarditis Sinusitis
Epididymitis
A wild adult male mallard duck from a local marsh is evaluated bc of paresis of the legs and green diarrhea. During the next 24hrs, the duck develops paralysis of the wings, loses control of its neck, and dies. On postmortem exam, there are no gross or light microscopic abnormalities. Maggots are found in the proventriculus. Which of the following is the most likely cause? Aspergillus fumigatus Baylisascaris procyonis Clostridium botulinum Listeria monocytogenes Toxoplasma gondii
Clostridium botulinum- AKA limberneck
In most areas in which Culicoides gnats are active, the best way to protect horses from being bitten is the stable the horses in a closed barn during which of the following times of day? Dawn and daylight Daylight Dusk, dawn, daylight Dusk, dawn, night
Dusk, dawn, night
A 2 yr old female guinea pig is being evaluated bc of a 24hr hx of abdominal straining and bloody vulvar discharge. The guinea pig lives with an intact male guinea pig but has never had a litter. Abdominal rads show fetal skeletons. Which of the following best explains the CSs in this guinea pig? Dystocia Fetal gigantism Normal parturition Spontaneous abortion Vitamin C deficiency
Dystocia
A 12 yr old CM DSH has multiple small raised black swellings along the ventral mandible that have become coalesced in a black crusty exudate. When cleaned, the nodules readily bleed and exude a thick white material. The surrounding skin is dark pink and swollen. Which is the most appropriate to tell the owner about this cats condition?
Folliculitis can be treated with hot packs and topical meds
Pemphigus requires long term tx and relapse is common
Rodent ulcers respond favorably to systemic corticosteroids
Tooth-root abscesses are an indication that the tooth needs to be extracted
Folliculitis can be treated with hot packs and topical meds
In october, a client reports that pigs that have been in the grower barn for the past 2 week have gray, puddle forming feces. About 20% of the pigs are affected. Some of the pigs have recovered, but others are long haired, thin and smaller than the rest. An affected pig is euthanized for postmortem exam, which shows linear ulceration of the ileum with hypertrophy of the outer muscle coats. Which of the following is the most likely casual organism? Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Isospora suis Lawsonia intracellularis Porcine rotavirus Salmonella typhimurium
Lawsonia intracellularis
On exam of the cranial nerves in a 3 yr old female cat, the right pupil appears to be larger than the left pupil. The right pupil shows no response when light is shone into either eye. The left pupil constricts when light is shone into either eye. Mild ventrolateral strabismus is noted in the right eye only. These findings are most consistent with a lesion at which of the following locations? Left occipital cortex Right occipital cortex Right optic (II) nerve Right occulomotor (III) nerve Right abducens (VI) nerve
Right occulomotor (III) nerve
Sexual receptivity in the mare is indicated by which of the following?
Excessive neighing
Increased froth in salivary gland secretions
Mounting of other females in estrus
Treading of the back legs
Urinating when the male approaches
Urinating when the male approaches
