Assessment 1 Flashcards
An 8 year old NM mixed breed dog is being evaluated bc of a 3 day hx of head tilt. On PE, the dog is moderately ataxic and tends to stumble to the left. A horizontal nystagmus is present with the fast phase to the right. Which of the following additional signs is most indicative of a central lesion rather than a peripheral lesion? Miotic left pupil Proprioceptive positioning deficits Pyrexia Vomiting Weakened palpebral reflex on the left
Proprioceptive positioning deficits
The rodenticides brodifacoum and bromadiolone cause which of the following conditions in cats? Coagulopathy Hepatotoxicity Neurotoxicosis Organophosphate toxicity Renal toxicity
Renal toxicity
According to the table, which of the following is the specificity of this test?
Feline leukemia virus test result
present absent
positive 16 171 187
Negative 58 508 566
74 679 753
58/566 171/679 171/753 508/679 508/753
508/679
A mature Holstein cow is being evaluated bc of dystocia. On vaginal exam, the canal is very narrow, and there are folds in the dorsal vaginal wall directed anteriorly to the left. With effort, it is possible to pass a hand through the narrowed area of the vagina. The servix is partially dilated and the feet of the calf are accessible. Which of the following is the most appropriate method of delivering the calf?
Allow more time for the cervix to fully dilate
Cast the cow on the same side as the direction of the uterine torsion and roll cow in opposite direction
Cast the cow on the side opposite of the direction of the uterine torsion and roll the cow in the opposite direction
Correct the uterine torsion by manipulating the calf by hand or with a detorsion rod in the direction of the torsion
Correct the uterine torsion by manipulating the calf by hand or with a detorsion rod in the opposite direction of the torsion
Correct the uterine torsion by manipulating the calf by hand or with a detorsion rod in the direction of the torsion
Cutaneous larva migrans in humans is usually caused by larval migration of which of the following parasites? Ancylostoma caninum Capillaria aerophila Dipylidium caninum Toxocara canis Trichuris vulpes
Ancylostoma caninum
In swine, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is characterized as which of the following?
Acute with a low morbidity and high mortality
Acute with a high morbidity and high mortality
Chronic with a high morbidity and high mortality
Chronic with a high morbidity and low mortality
Chronic with a low morbidity and low mortality
Chronic with a high morbidity and low mortality
Which of the following is the most likely cause of sterility in the male mule? Absence of spermatogonia Bilateraly cryptorchidism Chromosome incompatibility Hermaphroditism Inability to copulate
Chromosome incompatibility
A 10 week old arabian foal is being evaluated bc of a hx of recurrent respiratory infections characterized by pyrexia, purulent nasal discharge, cough, and respir distress following exercise. Although the foaling was normal and passive transfer of maternal antibodies was adequate, the foal developed respiratory disease as well as dermatophilosis by 6 weeks of age. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Combined immune deficiency syndrome Herpes pneumonitis Rhodococcal pneumonia Streptococcus equi pneumonia Vegetative endocarditis
Combined immune deficiency syndrome
A dog is being evaluated bc of bilateral symmetric alopecia and a hx of polyuria and polydipsia. An adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test results in a threefold increase in plasma cortisol concentration from 9 to 27 ug/dL (N 5.4-16). No decrease in plasma cortisol conc is observed following a high dose dexamethasone suppression test. These results are most consistent with which of the following?
Administration of iatrogenic glucocorticoids
Excessive administration of milotane
Functional adrenocortical tumor
Functional pheochromocytoma
Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
A 4 yr old beef cow has been gradually losing weight over the past 2 months. The cow is eating but her appetite is decreased. The owner has not noticed any diarrhea. Temp, pulse, respir are normal. On physical exam, the cow has a body condition score of 2.5/9. The left paralumbar fossa is markedly distended, as is the lower right side of the abdomen. Rumen motility is present but erratic and incomplete. On rectal palpation, the rumen extends to the pelvis and across the midline of the abdomen ventrally. The rumen is full, and ingesta is firm. Which of the following is the most likely explaination for these findings? Cecal dilation Chronic parasitism Left displaced abomasum Traumatic reticuloperitonitis Vagal indigestion
Vagal indigestion
In examining the records of commercial beef herds, which of the following production parameters is cause for concern? A 12 month calving interval A 20% preweaning mortality rate A 60 day calving season A 550lb weaning weight 950lb yearling weight
A 20% preweaning mortality rate
Which of the following are the most important features to evaluate in the diagnosis of intervertebral disk disease in the dog?
Density of the vertebral body, alignment of articular facets, width of vertebral canal
Density of vertebral body, width of disk space, width of vertebral canal
Symmetry of intervertebral foramina, width of disk space, density of vertebral body
Symmetry of intervertebral foramina, width of disk space, disk calcification
Width of disk space, disk calcification, disarticulation of articular facets
Symmetry of intervertebral foramina, width of disk space, disk calcification
A 5yr old symptomatic cat tests antigen positive for heartworm disease. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? Dithiazanine iodide orally for 7 days Levamisole orally for 7 days Melarsomine dihydrochloride IM once Prednisolone orally q24hr for 14 days Thiacetarsamide IV q12hrs for 2 days
Prednisolone orally q24hr for 14 days
Which of the following parasites is most likely responsible for diarrhea in 5 to 15 day old suckling pigs? Balantidium coli Eimeria debliecki Entamoeaba suis Isospora suis Tritrichomonas suis
Isospora suis
The amino acid taurine is required in feline diets to prevent the development of which of the following? Cataracts Central retinal degeneration Corneal endothelial dystrophy Iris atrophy Optic disk coloboma
Central retinal degeneration
A producer wants to minimize the occurrence of pregnancy toxemia in a flock of crossbred ewes. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation?
Add chloretracycline to the ration that is fed to the ewes in late gestation
Reduce feeding concentrates and limit exercise during the last trimester
Target genetic selection from the ewe flock and the breeding ram to produce single lambs rather than multiples
Target the plane of nutrition to avoid the extremes in body condition in the pregnant ewes
Vaccinate pregnant ewes with Clostridium perfringens types C and D approx 4 weeks before due to lamb
Target the plane of nutrition to avoid the extremes in body condition in the pregnant ewes
Cytologic exam of feces from a cat with large bowel diarrhea shows many spore forming rods that are morphologically consistent w/ Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin producers. Which of the following drugs is NOT effective against this organism? Amoxicillin Ampicillin Cephalexin Enrofloxacin Metronidazole
Enrofloxacin-
Floroquinolones only affect GN and C. perfringens is GP anarobe
The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of an anesthetic agent is a measure of which of the following?
Degree of solubility of the agent
Diffusion barrier for the agent b/t air and blood
Minimum measurement conc of the agent in exhaled air
Potency of the agent
Speed of induction of the agents
Potency of the agent
A photo of an endoscopic view of the upper airway of a 5 yr old dutch warmblood gelding. It shows the larnyx with the left side flacid and the right side in normal position. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? Administer antimicrobial Prosthetic laryngoplasty Staphylectomy Sternothyroid myectomy Transection of the aryepiglottic fold
Prosthetic laryngoplasty
In a budgerigar with gout, lab tests of serum are most likely to show an increase in which of the following? AST Ca conc Crea conc BUN conc Uric acid conc
Uric acid conc
Several 1 month old calves are being evaluated bc of blood tinged, fetid diarrhea. The calves are treated with antimicrobial drugs and oral electrolyte fluids, but there are no signs of improvement. Fecal culture negative, however, many orgamisms are identified on fecal float as shown (circular ring with circle inside). Based on this sample, which is the most likely diagnosis? Coccidiosis Colibacillosis Giardiasis Helminthiasis Salmonellosis
coccidiosis- look up pic if needed
The pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema and emphysema in the bovine most likely involves injury to pulmonary tissue by which of the following substances? Indole Indoleacetic acid I- Typtophan 3-Methylindole Volatile fatty acids
3-Methylindole
Which of the following is the most common cause of death in male cat that had a urethral obstruction for 72 hrs? Hyperkalemia Ruptured bladder Metabolic acidosis Hypoglycemia Septicemia
Hyperkalemia
A 6yr thoroughbred gelding was involved in a motor vehicle collision while riding in a trailer 3 weeks ago. PE shows healing superficial abrasions on face. A photo is shown with the right side of horses face hanging while the left side of the face is lifted upward. Injury to which of the following nerves is the most likely underlying cause of these findings? Left facial VII nerve Right facial VII nerve Left trigeminal V Right trigeminal V
Right facial VII nerve
A cat is being evaluated bc of rapidly growing nodules on the head. 2 of the nodules have ulcerated and are covered with a mucoid exudate. A photo of cells is shown with a thin circle in the center of a thick circle bordering it. What is the most likley causative organism? Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidioides immitis Cryptococcus neoformans Histoplasma capsulatum Sporothrix schenckii
Cryptococcus neoformans
A valuable 3 yr old angus bull is being evaluated bc of lameness of left hind. The bull will touch the toe to the ground but does not bear weight on foot. There is a large, smoot, pedunculated mass b/t the toes of the left hind limb. This mass is toughing the ground at the back of the interdigital space. The bull reacts painfully when the toes are pushed together. What is the appropriate management? Application of tetracycline spray Confining bull to a dry, clean paddock Culling bull Injection of systemic tetracycline Surgical removal of mass
Surgical removal of mass
The owner of a 9 yr NM lab has found numerous piles of undigested food mixed with whitish foam throughout the house and yard over the past week. A radiograph of the thoracic cavity is shown... These findings are consistent with? Aspiration pneumonia Mediastinal mass Megaesophagus Primary pulmonary tumor Pulmonary edema
Megaesophagus
5% of flock of 30,000 5 week old broiler chickens have sudden onset of diarrhea. On postmortem exam, birds are dehydrated; middle third of intestine is dilated and inflammed with bloody intestinal contents. Which of the following is the most likely cause? Capillaria Eimeria Haemoproteus Heterakis Syngamus
Eimeria
Which is the most likely cause associated with Mycoplasma mastitis in bovine?
Access to swampy pastures
Ca Phos imbalance
Feeding moldy silage
Kiln dried sawdust bedding
Use of contaminated intramammary cannulas
Use of contaminated intramammary cannulas
Rotavirus infection involves which of the following areas of the GI tract in calves? Duodenum only Ileum only Small intestine only Large intestine only Small and large intestine
Small and large intestine
Which of the following is the most likely cause of bilateral nasal discharge in a 4 month old cat? Bacterial pneumonia Cleft palate Oronasal fistula Viral pneumonia Viral rhinitis
Viral rhinitis
A 10 yr old SF cat is being evaluated bc of suspected injury to both hindlimbs. The cat has been drinnking and urinating excessively for the past 2 months. She is walking in a plantigrade stance. Which of the following is most likely cause of the stance? Bilateral Achilles tendon injury Diabetes mellitus Hyperadrenocorticism Hyperthyroidism Lumbar intervertebral disk disease
Diabetes mellitus
A 12 yr old SF cat has had inappetance for the past 2 weeks. On PE, a raised ulcerated mass is noted around 1st and 2nd molars of the lower jaw. There is blood in the saliva. Which is the most likely diagnosis? Acanthomatous epulis Chondrosarcoma Malignant melanoma Osteosarcoma Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Acetaminophen toxicity in cats is best treated with which of the following drugs? Acetylcysteine Diazepam Dimenhydrinate Doxapram Doxorubicin
Acetylcysteine
A 66 pound dog is prescribed IV lactated ringers solution 1000mL to be administered over a 6hr period. If 1mL of fluid is delivered in 10 drops, which of the following is the most appropriate drip rate, rounded to the nearest whole number? 4 drops/min 28 drops/min 50 drops/min 120 drops/min
28 drops/min
On routine PE, a 2 yr old male Whippet is noted to have dark yellow stained teeth. The teeth have had this appearance since the dog was a puppy. The dogs diet consists of grocery store brand food. Which of the following is the most likely explaination of the discoloration of this dogs teeth?
Accumulation of tartar
Congenital defect in production of enamel
Diet low in Ca
Ingestion of cephalexin by the bitch during pregnancy
Ingestion of tetracycline as a puppy
Ingestion of tetracycline as a puppy
In the dog, which of the following abnormalities is the most typical of estrogen toxicity? Acute renal failue Erythrocytosis Hepatic necrosis Seizures Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Which of the following antibiotics will allow the sale of milk in the shortest time after use in cattle? Ampicillin Ceftiofur Enrofloxacin Ocytetracycline Spectinomycin
Ceftiofur
In horses, which of the following is the most common site of osteochondritis dessicans of the hock? Intermediate ridge of the tibia Lateral ridge of the trochlea Medial ridge of the trochlea Sustentaculum Third tarsal bone
Lateral ridge of the trochlea
A 7yr old bulldog used for breeding is polyuric, polydipsic and very depressed seven weeks after her last heat cycle. She is about 10% dehydrated. On PE, a large tubule structure is palpated in the midcaudal abdomen. Lab test shows elevated WBC with bands, increased BUN and creatinine. In addition to IV fluids, which of the following is most appropriate?
Administration of diethylstilbestrol for four days
Administration of prostaglandin F2alpha for three days
Oral antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks
Ovariohysterectomy
Uterine lavage
Ovariohysterectomy
A 1 yr old NM basset hound has been unable to close his mouth for the past 4 hrs. There is no hx of trauma. Pain is elicited on PE of the jaw, which is locked open at 45 degree angle and cannot be closed manually. The remainder of the PE is unremarkable. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition? Craniomandibular osteopathy Masticatory myositis Temporomandibular luxation Tetanus Zygomatic arch fracture
Temporomandibular luxation
A 3 week old hand fed cockatiel has had delayed crop emptying and a palpably thickened crop for 2 days. The bird has just started regurgitating. Cytologic exam of crop contents shows a large number of thick walled, budding organisms. Which of the following is the most likely diagonosis? Candidiasis Capillariasis Chlamydiosis Coccidiosis Cryptosporidiosis
Candidiasis
In the dog, decreased skin elasticity is most likely associated with which of the following? Acanthosis nigricans Acromegaly Hyperadrenocorticism Seborrhea sicca Sertoli cell tumor
Hyperadrenocorticism
A 7 yr lab has the sudden onset of stridor, cyanosis, and dyspnea that worsen with exercise. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? An elongated soft palate Laryngeal paralysis Oslerus osleri infection Stenotic nares Tracheal collapse
Laryngeal paralysis
A laboratory ferret should be routinely vaccinated against which of the following diseases? Canine distemper Feline panleuk Feline viral rhinotracheitis Infectious canine hepatitis Mink enteris
Canine distemper
A mother claims her 6 yr old daughter has been diagnosed with "skin worms". She thinks her daughter contracted the worms from the family's new kitten. A photograph of the skin lesion is show on the neck, red and circular. Which of the following questions is the most appropriate to ask? Are other family members affected? Does the cat eat raw meat? Does her daughter clean the litter pan? Does her daughter walk barefoot outside? Has the cat had fleas?
Are other family members affected?
At which of the following ages does the equine central incisor erupt? 2 1/2 years 3 1/2 years 4 1/2 years 5 1/2 years 6 1/2 years
2 1/2 years
An 8 yr NM Doberman Pinscher has had stranguria and hematuria for the past 3 days. On PE, the dog is depressed, dehydrated and hypothermic. The abdomen is tense on palpation. Which of the following conditions is evident in the abdominal radiograph shown? (it show a circular radio-opacity in the area of the bladder) Prostatic hyperplasia Prostatic neoplasia TCC Urethral calculi Urethral stricture
Urethral calculi
In the dog, cancellous bone grafts are most likely are most commonly taken from which of the following areas? Illiac crest Ischium Radius Rib Scapula
Illiac crest
A number of 3 week olld broilers have problems with lameness. Post mortem exam of representative birds shows swollen joints with a purulent exudate. Which is the most appropriate next step?
Add chlortetracycline to feed
Add vit D3 to feed
Add metronidazole to feed
Advise the owner to market the flock immediately
Report the findings to the state regulatory officials
Report the findings to the state regulatory officials
A 2 yr old male lab has had bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge for the past 2 months. The dog shows no systemic signs of illness. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Coccidiodomycosis Cryptococcosis Distemper Nasal adenocarcinoma Nasal aspergillosis
Nasal aspergillosis
A 4 yr old gelding that was castrated 12 hrs agp has persistent bleeding from the surgical site. Rectal temp 98.6F, HR 80bpm, RR 60bpm. PE shows pale mm, absence of intestinal borborygmi and CRT 3 sec. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
Application of an elastrator band to the scrotal remnants
Drainage of the abdomen and autotransfusion
IV administration of heparin
IV administration of oxytoxin
Ligation of the bleeding vessel under anesthesia
Ligation of the bleeding vessel under anesthesia
A juvenile yellow-naped Amazon parrot dies 1 week after being acquired from a traveling bird dealer. Paramyxovirus 1 is identified by virus isolation subsequent to necropsy. 15 other parrots acquired at the same time appear healthy. Which is the most appropriate next step?
Advise the owner to be tested for dz
Euthanize all remaining birds, incinerate carcasses
Randomly select 2 birds for necropsy to confirm a problem with flock
Report finding to govt authorities
Treat remaining birds with acyclovir
Report finding to govt authorities
In a male cat with urethral obstruction, spiked T waves on an electrocardiogram are most likely caused by which of the following? Hypercalcemia Hyperkalemia Necrosis of cardiac muscle Serum crea conc grater than 10mg/dl Severe acidosis
Hyperkalemia
The manager of a large stud farm requests a consult to discuss possible prevention measures against West Nile virus. Which of the following management options is most appropriate? Cotrol the possum population Control white tailed deer population Eliminate bird nesting areas on farm Eliminate mosquito-breeding area on farm Remove fecal piles from pastures
Eliminate mosquito-breeding area on farm
10-15% of the animals in a grower/finisher swine farm are anorectic and have temps greater than 106F. Several have died, and postmortem exam shows fibrous pleuritis and fibrohemorrhagic pneumonia lesions primarily in the diaphragmatic lung lobes. Which is the most likely cause? Swine influenza Haemophilus parasuis Actinobacillus hyopneumoniae Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae Pseudorabies virus
Actinobacillus hyopneumoniae
Based on the data, which test has the fewest false positive results?
AGID specificity 0.98
Fecal culture specificity 1.00
AGID
Fecal culture
Fecal culture
A horse photographed, shows a left head tilt with left facial drooping. He has appeared this was for 10 days without change. Which of the following pairs of cranial nerves is most likely affected?
Trochlear (IV) and abducens (VI)
Trigeminal (V) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X) and accessory (XI)
Facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Which of the following is the most appropriate antibiotic for the treatment of beta-streptococcal pneumonia in horses? Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Gentimicin Oxytetracycline Penicillin
Penicillin
In the cat, fractures of which of the following bones are most amenable to cast fixation? Femur Humerus Pelvis Scapula Tibia
Tibia
A 4yr old Guernsey cow dies while being treated for botulism. Which of the following is the most likely finding on postmortem exam? Cerebral edema Diffuse pallor of skeletal muscle GI ulcers Putrefying food in rumen No distinguishing lesions
No distinguishing lesions
Several 4 month lambs from a group of 30 lambs are found dead in a pasture. On postmortem,, the carcasses are emaciated and the tissues appear pale. The abomasum contains red-brown fluid with numerous threadlike worms. Which of the following drugs is most appropriate in the treatment of the remaining lambs? Amprolium Clorsulon Ivermectin Monesin Sulfadimethoxine
Ivermectin
Excessive intake of which of the following feed additives is most likely to result in signs of cardiac toxicity in feedlot cattle? Ca phosphate Chlortetracycline Mg oxide Monesin Urea
Monesin
A 12yr M golden is being evaluated bc of 5 day hx severe weakness. PE and neuro exam show no abnormalities when the dog is rested. However, with minnimal exercise, the dog becomes progressively weak and eventually nonabmulatory. PE at that time shows bilateral facial paralysis, drooling, and decreased spinal reflexes with repeated stimulation. Muscle strength returns within minutes of resting. A challenge test with IV edrophonium chloride greatly increases the dogs muscle strength. Thoracic rads show megaesophagus and a large, poorly defined sft tissue mass in the cranial mediastinum. Which of the following is the most likely dx of the thoracic mass? Chemodectoma Lymphoma Pulmonary adenocarcinoma Thymoma Thyroid carcinoma
Thymoma
Which of the following most closely approxamates the length of normal gestation in a cow in days? 63 114 280 300 330
280
A male dog is infected with Brucella canis. Which of the following is the most likely associated condition? Balanoposthitis Cystitis Epididymitis Myocarditis Sinusitis
Epididymitis
A wild adult male mallard duck from a local marsh is evaluated bc of paresis of the legs and green diarrhea. During the next 24hrs, the duck develops paralysis of the wings, loses control of its neck, and dies. On postmortem exam, there are no gross or light microscopic abnormalities. Maggots are found in the proventriculus. Which of the following is the most likely cause? Aspergillus fumigatus Baylisascaris procyonis Clostridium botulinum Listeria monocytogenes Toxoplasma gondii
Clostridium botulinum- AKA limberneck
In most areas in which Culicoides gnats are active, the best way to protect horses from being bitten is the stable the horses in a closed barn during which of the following times of day? Dawn and daylight Daylight Dusk, dawn, daylight Dusk, dawn, night
Dusk, dawn, night
A 2 yr old female guinea pig is being evaluated bc of a 24hr hx of abdominal straining and bloody vulvar discharge. The guinea pig lives with an intact male guinea pig but has never had a litter. Abdominal rads show fetal skeletons. Which of the following best explains the CSs in this guinea pig? Dystocia Fetal gigantism Normal parturition Spontaneous abortion Vitamin C deficiency
Dystocia
A 12 yr old CM DSH has multiple small raised black swellings along the ventral mandible that have become coalesced in a black crusty exudate. When cleaned, the nodules readily bleed and exude a thick white material. The surrounding skin is dark pink and swollen. Which is the most appropriate to tell the owner about this cats condition?
Folliculitis can be treated with hot packs and topical meds
Pemphigus requires long term tx and relapse is common
Rodent ulcers respond favorably to systemic corticosteroids
Tooth-root abscesses are an indication that the tooth needs to be extracted
Folliculitis can be treated with hot packs and topical meds
In october, a client reports that pigs that have been in the grower barn for the past 2 week have gray, puddle forming feces. About 20% of the pigs are affected. Some of the pigs have recovered, but others are long haired, thin and smaller than the rest. An affected pig is euthanized for postmortem exam, which shows linear ulceration of the ileum with hypertrophy of the outer muscle coats. Which of the following is the most likely casual organism? Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Isospora suis Lawsonia intracellularis Porcine rotavirus Salmonella typhimurium
Lawsonia intracellularis
On exam of the cranial nerves in a 3 yr old female cat, the right pupil appears to be larger than the left pupil. The right pupil shows no response when light is shone into either eye. The left pupil constricts when light is shone into either eye. Mild ventrolateral strabismus is noted in the right eye only. These findings are most consistent with a lesion at which of the following locations? Left occipital cortex Right occipital cortex Right optic (II) nerve Right occulomotor (III) nerve Right abducens (VI) nerve
Right occulomotor (III) nerve
Sexual receptivity in the mare is indicated by which of the following?
Excessive neighing
Increased froth in salivary gland secretions
Mounting of other females in estrus
Treading of the back legs
Urinating when the male approaches
Urinating when the male approaches
A 5 yr old female holstein is suspected of having tuberculosis. Which of the following diagnostic procedures is most appropriate?
Complement fixation test
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Intradermal tuberculin test
Serum neutralization test
Skin biopsy
Intradermal tuberculin test
Which of the following dz are most likely to cause chronic weight loss in a sheep?
Paratuberculosis, ovine progressive pneumonia, caseous lymphadenitis
Paratuberculosos, ovine progressive pneumonia, polioencephalomalacia
Scrapie, ovine progressive pneumonia, polioencephalomalacia
Scrapie, polioencephalomalacia, caseous lymphadenitis
Paratuberculosos, ovine progressive pneumonia, polioencephalomalacia
Which of the following best describes the results expected on clinical pathology in a dog with a portosystemic shunt?
Increased ALT, decreased packed cell volume, bilirubinuria
Increased ALP, increased serum protein conc, isosthenuria
Increased serum bile acid conc, decreased BUN, ammonium biurate crystals in urine
Increased serum crea, increased serum cholesterol, struvites in urine
Increased serum bile acid conc, decreased BUN, ammonium biurate crystals in urine
A 12yr old throroughbred mare used for dressage has weight loss, diarrhea, colic. The horse has hx of chronic lameness that requires daily phenylbutazone therapy. HR and RR are increased. PE shows injected sclerae. CRT 3 sec. The horse dies and postmortem exam is performed. What is the most likely explaination? Chronic glomerulonephritis Intestinal lymphoma Potomac horse fever Right dorsal colitis
Right dorsal colitis
NSAIDs cause ULCERS in RIGHT DORSAL COLON!!!! Phenylbutazone
A dog is accidentally injected with 2ml of 100mg/ml equine preparation of xylazine instead of the appropriate 20mg/ml preparation. Which of the following drugs would most directly neutralize the adverse effects of this overdose of xylazine? Atropine Diazepam Nalophine Naloxone Yohimbine
Yohimbine
A 10 yr old NM DSH is brought to the clinic bc he seemed to be blind for the past 5 days. The cat has a 1 yr hx of renal dz that has been treated with low protein diet for the past 8 months. Which of the following is the most likely finding on ophthalmologic exam? Central retinal degeneration Diffuse chorioretinitis Diffuse retinal atrophy Retinal detachment Optic neuritis
Retinal detachment
What structure attaches to the caudal aspect of the coffin bone in a horse? Cunean tendon Deep digital flexor tendon Distal sesamoidean ligament Superficial digital flexor tendon Suspensory ligament
Deep digital flexor tendon
A queen at 63 days gestation has had strong, nonproductive contractions for the past 60 mins. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
Abdominal rads
Administration of epidural anesthesia
Administration of oxytocin 5U IM
Cesarean section
Monitoring the cat for another 2 to 3 hrs
Abdominal rads
Polyradiculoneuritis in the dog is best characterized by which of the following? Flaccid tetraparesis Grand mal szs Spastic tetraparesis Tetany Tonic clonic spasms
Flaccid tetraparesis
coonhound paralysis
hunting dogs exposed to racoons
A 4 yr old commercial crossbred beef cow is found lethargic and standing alone 18 hours after escaping from her pasture to an area with access to ground corn. The cow appears 8% dehydrated. On PE, rectal temp is 102F, HR is 124bpm, RR 40bpm. The rumen is mildly distended. No rumen contractions are auscultated, but splashing and gurgling sounds are heard over the rumen. No gas or fluid is collected when a stomach tube is passed. When the tube is removed, the end is clogged with a micture of rumen contents and ground corn. Which of the following is the most likely pH from a rumenocentesis sample? 4 6 8 10
4
An asympomatic 1 year old WHWT has multiple wartlike growths ranging from 3-8mm in diameter along the oral cavity. What is the most appropriate management? Benign neglect Chemo Cryotherapy Surgical excision
Surgical excision is the best answer- test to make sure they are benign papillomas
they do regress… so tricky answer with benign neglect
A cat is vocalizing, unable to move its rear legs, appears to be in acute pain. The cat was previously dx with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that has been clinically controlled with furosemide and dilitiazem. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Cardiogenic shock Congestive heart failure Diltiazem toxicity Pumlonary edema Thromboembolic disease
Thromboembolic disease
A group of Holstein heifers are found to have small, firm lumps along their dorsum this spring. The heifers were on pasture last summer. Which of the following management changes, if implemented last summer or fall, could have prevented this condition? Administer fenbendazole Administer ionophores Administer ivermectin Clipping pastures Fencing off ponds
Administer ivermectin
The most serious limitation of the use of amphotericin B to treat mycotic pneumonia in the cat is development of which of the following? Aspiration pneumonia Chemical cystitis Hepatotoxicity Nephrotoxicity Nonreg anemia
Nephrotoxicity
Which of the following is the most likely causitive organism of pyoderma in the dog? Dermatophilus congolensis Proteus mirabilis Pseudomonas mallei Staph epidermidis Staph intermedius
Staph intermedius
Which of the following dz is zoonosis? Eysipeloid Glassers dz Porcine pleuropneumonia Swine dysentery Swinepox
Eysipeloid
A 2 yr old yorkie has been dx with intenstinal lymphangiectsia. Which of the following hematologic findings is most consistent with this condition? Eosinophilia Lymphocytosis Lymphopenia Neutropenia Neutrophilia
Lymphopenia
Which of the following is the most likely finding if facial (VII) nerve in the dog is damaged during total ear canal ablation? Circling and ataxia Head tilt Inability to blink eye Loss of pain perception of face Loss of PLR
Inability to blink eye
A 12 yr old MN DSH cat is weak, depressed, lethargic and anorectic 16 hr after he was given 160mg of actyaminphen for DJD. His HR is 220bpm, RR 72bpm. 5% dehydrated. Which of the following is the most likely finding on complete blood count? Anemia Dohle bodies Howell Jolly bodies Neutrophilia Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
In advanced cases of diarrhea in calves, which of the following electrolyte most often paradoxically shows a whole body loss but a concurrent increase in plasma conc? Bicarb Ca Cl K Na
K
A 3 month jersey heifer calf is being evaluated bc she is constantly humped up, straining, dribbling urine. The owner noticed that urine was dripping from the calfs navel for a few days after she was born. Calf is BAR, good body condition, shiny haircoat. Free catch urine sample only showed 1+ blood on dipstick. Urine sediment primarily showed RBCs and a few WBCs. BUN dipstick on whole blood shows no color change. Which additional dx test is most likley to establish a dx? Abdominal US Analysis of peritoneal fluid Karyotyping Measurement of whole blood selenium conc Serum biochem profile
Abdominal US
On PE of a green iguna, which of the following findings indicated weight loss? Dull coloration Flaky skin Reduction of epaxial muscle mass Sunken eyes Tenting of skin
Reduction of epaxial
A 5yr old NM DSH cat is being evaluated bc of difficulty breathing. A cardiac gallop and fine rales in the dorsohilar regions of the lungs are heard on ascultation. Thoracic rads show moderate cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary edema. An echo shows presence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy? Digoxin and captopril Digoxin and furosemide Diltiazem and furosemide Procainamide and captopril Propanolol and quinidine
Diltiazem and furosemide
Which of the following organisms is most commonly isolated from the urine of dogs with urinary tract infections? Citrobacter Escherichia Proteus Pseudomonas Streptococcus
Escherichia coli
A 2yr dachshund has had midline ventral cervical swelling for the past week. On PE, the swelling is fluctuant, and clear viscous fluid is aspirated. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
Marsupialization of the mandibular salivary gland and drainnage of the mucocele
Removal of the mandibular and parotid salicary glands and marsupialization of the mucocele
Removal of the mandibular and parotid salicary glands and marsupialization of the mucocele
this is a salivary mucocele
Which of the following best describes the estrous cycle of domestic cats?
Nonseasonal, biestrus, spontaneous ovulator
Seasonal, polyestrus, induced ovulator
Non seasonal, polyestrus, spontaneous ovulator
Nonseasonal, biestrus, induced ovulator
Seasonal, polyestrus, induced ovulator
Which of the following is the most characteristic hematologic finding in cats with FIP? Anemia Eosinophilia Leukocytosis Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia
A vet makes a tentative dx of foot and mouth dz in multiple dairy herds. All involved farmers are his clients. The necessary officials are appropriately notified. They confirm FMD and believe it is likely an agroterrorist event. Federal agents arrive at the scene. Of the following, who is in charge of this situation?
The federal law enforcement agents bc it is a potential terrorist event
The state/province or federal vet bc he/she has local jurisdiction
The vet bc the farmers are his clients
The vet bc there are confidentiality issues
The federal law enforcement agents bc it is a potential terrorist event
Several young chicken hens in a small flock of brown egg layers have decreased body weight and paresis of the legs. The flock has recieved no vxs or meds. Postmortem exam of several affected hens shows eye lesions identical to the photo (one brown eye, one grey eye with small pupil), unilaterally swollen sciatic nerves, and white to tan masses within the liver, spleen and ovaries. Which of the following best describes the lesion in the eye on the right (the grey eye)? Bacterial panopthalmitis Congential cataract Congential microphthalmia Mycotic ulcerative keratitis Viral lymphomatous iridocyclitis
Viral lymphomatous iridocyclitis
A 3 yr old horse with a hx of strangles now has swollen painful extremities, ventral and submandibular edema, and petichia of the mm. Which of the following is most likely? Lymphangitis Systemic erythematosus Equine infectious anemia Purpura hemorrhagica Equine viral arteritis
Purpura hemorrhagica
A steer that is unable to regulate rumen gas expulsion has been treated for the past several weeks. The recurrence of the problem led to the tx as shown in the photo. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the chronic, nonresponsive nature of the condition? Acute, local peritonitis Chronic pericarditis Continued legume diet A diaphragmatic hernia Vagus (X) nerve damage
Vagus (X) nerve damage
Type 1 vagal indigestion- failure to eructate = rumen fistula
rumenotomy
Over the past 2 w a boar has had a high % of proximal and distal droplets in his semen. The overall motility of the last collection is 50%. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
Administer a broad spectrum antibiotic to tx infection
Collect semen from the boar more frequently to eliminate affected sperm
Cull the boar bc this condition will likely worsen
Do not change anything bc this condtion will improve over time
Suspend collecting semen from the boar for 3 weeks
Cull the boar bc this condition will likely worsen
Several cows in a herd of beef cows have shown neuro signs over the past 24hrs and one cow has died. Some affected cows have muscle twitching and a stiff gait, while others exhibbit muscle spasms, incoordination and recumbency with tetany. The standing cows are aggressive when approached. All the cows have calved w/in the past month and are grazing lush, heavily fertilized fescue pasture. Which of the following next steps is most appropriate for preventing this problem from developing in the remaining herd?
Administering booster of clostridial vx
Administer B vit
Mowing pasture
Adding palatable magnesium supplement to feed
Spraying the pasture with poloxalene
Adding palatable magnesium supplement to feed
A 2 month holstein calf is being evaluated bc of inappetence and depression. Rectal temp is 104, HR is 110 and RR 50. On PE, the oral mucous membranes are jaundice with peticheal hemorrhages. Urinalysis shows protein and hemoglobin. Milking herd records show several recent abortions at approx 7 months gestation. Which of the following tests is most likely to confirm the diagnosis? Conjunctival swab Darkfield exam of urine Fecal swab Micro exam of blood Nasal swab
Darkfield exam of urine
foothill- epizootic abortion
A 3yr female goat has a baseball sized swelling at the caudal aspect of the right ramus of the mandible. A 4 yr female goat has a similar sized immediately cranial to the left scapula. These two does were purchased from a sale yard approx on month ago and added to the herd. Aspiration of both swellings yeilds creamy, white, odorless pasty material. Culture of this material yields more than 1000 colony forming Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step in management?
All these animals to commingle with the herd to help booster immunity of the herd to the dz
Inform the owners of the zoonotic potential of this dz
Isolate these 2 animals from the other members of the herd
Treat the herd with an antibiotic with activity against gram neg bacteria
No further management is necessary
Isolate these 2 animals from the other members of the herd
A right to left shunt in the heart of a dog is most likely to be seen in which of the following conditions?
Interatrial septal defect and left ventricular hypertrophy
Interatrial septal defect only
Interventricular septal defect and aortic stenosis
Interventricular septal defect only
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot
Which of the following antimicrobial protocols is most likely to prevent infection related to surgical repair of femoral fracture in a cat? PO before surgery SQ before sx IV at induction IM during surgery PO after sx
IM during surgery
Which of the following is the most reasonable estimation of a dogs blood volume?
40mL/lb (88mL/kg)
50mL/lb (110mL/kg)
65mL/lb (143mL/kg)
40mL/lb (88mL/kg)
A vet surgeon offers to send a local vet a $25 referral fee for each animal that is referred to him. There are no other vet surgeons in the area. The surgeon states that this is a way of recognizing referring vets. Which of the following statements is true regarding payment for referrals?
Before accepting, the local vet should explore other referral options to ensure that the payment offer does not influence his decision
The surgeon should offer an equal referral fee or % to all referring vets
This is an effective marketing technique that can also be used with client referrals
This is an unethical practice according to the vet code of ethics
This is an unethical practice according to the vet code of ethics
Both congential and acquired megaesophagus in the dog are most frequently complicated by which of the following conditions? Aspiration pneumonia Esophageal perforation Gastroesophageal reflux Hiatal hernia
Aspiration pneumonia
Three quarters of the animals in a litter of 6 week old pigs have small papules or ring shaped scaly plaques on the abdomen, in the groin, on the inner thigh. The presumptive dx is pityriasis rosea. Which of the following is the most appropriate advice to give the farmer?
Pour on organophospahate tx will kill the lice and result in clinical improvement in one to two weeks
Aggressive topical tx of the mycotic infection w/ nystatin will resolve the problem in 2-3 weeks
Supplementation with zinc will compensate for the dietary deficiency, and the animals will recover in 3-4 weeks
Treatment is unnecessary, and the pigs will recover in 8-10 weeks
Treatment is unnecessary, and the pigs will recover in 8-10 weeks
3 cows in a 200 cow dairy have died of lymphoma over the past 4 months. Which of the following is the most feasible and effective method to prevent spread of the causative agent within the herd?
Add new genetics to the herd by embryo transfer only
Cull offspring of clinically affected cows
Prevent exposure of calves and heifers to manure from adult cows
Test all cows and slaughter any with antibodies to the causative agent
Use a new sterile needle to medicate each animal
Test all cows and slaughter any with antibodies to the causative agent
A 19 yr old shetland pony has a 3 year hx of excessive urination combined with failure to shed the winter coat. The pony has a full winter coat in August that the owner keeps clipped to prevent heat stroke. Which of the following tests is most likely to confirm diagnosis? Dex suppression test D-xylose absorption test Fractional urinary sodium excretion Glucose tolerance test Thyroid stim test
Dex suppression test
On antemortem inspection of a cow at a slaughter facility, the left eye appears to have been enucleated. The cow otherwise seems in good physical condition. Which of the following is the most appropriate next action?
Condemn the cow at antemortem for suspected neoplasm before slaughter
Identify the cow as suspect, perform post mortem exam at slaughter
Perform physical exam, release the cow for slaughter if the findings are normal
Release the cow for slaughter bc there is no sign of active dz
Return cow to point of origin bc it did not pass inspection
Identify the cow as suspect, perform post mortem exam at slaughter
In the cat, aortic thromboembolic dz (saddle thrombus) is most frequently associated with which condition? Budd-chiari syndrome Dilated cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Pulmonic stenosis Tricuspid insufficiency
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A horse has progressive asymmetric neuro dysfunction evidenced by weakness, ataxia and muscle wasting. Which of the following is the most likely dx? Cauda equina neuritis Equine herpes myeloencephalopathy Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis Equine viral encephalomyelitis Streptococcal meningitis
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
EPM = ASYMMETRIC neuro dysfunction
A 4 yr old male lab has been anorectic for the past 3 days. Temp 103.6F. On PE, the dog does not allow the mouth to be opened and palpation of the temporal area elicits pain. Lab tests show mild leukocytosis and increased serum crea. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
Acepromazine
Methocarbamol
Prednisolone
Manually force jaws open under anesthesia
Perform temporal myotomy
Prednisolone
Rectal palpation of a cow 30 days post partum demonstrates an enlarged fluid filled uterus. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy? Ca gel orally Estrogen intramuscularly Gonadotropin releasing hormone IV Luteinizing hormone IV Prostaglandin F2alpha IM
Prostaglandin F2alpha IM
A 9 month old male husky is being evaluated bc of a cough of 2 weeks duration. The lesions at the carina are seen on bronchoscopic exam (several round nodules). Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy? Amoxicillin Chlorpheniramine Dextromethorphan Ivermectin Prednisone
Ivermectin
Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment of luteal cysts in a cow 90 days postpartum?
Administer estradiol valerate
Administer progesterone
Administer prostaglandin F2alphha IM
Administer prostaglandin F2alpha intrauterine
Manual rupture
Administer prostaglandin F2alphha IM
An amazon parrot that was recently acquired from a pet shop is being evaluated bc of diarrhea, anorexia, depression, biliverdinuria. Complete blood count shows leukocytosis with heterophilia and monocytosis. Serum AST is increased. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Chlamydiosis Hepatic lipidosis Plumbism Psittacine beak and feather dz Sarcocytosis
Chlamydiosis
In the dog, injury to which of the following nerves is most likely to account for the observed sign of walking on the dorsum of the front paw? Lateral thoracic Median Musculocutaneous Radial Ulnar
Radial
Which of the following is the most appropriate medium for floatation in order to dx infection with giardia spp from cysts in fecal samples from a dog? 10% formalin Hypertonic sodium chloride 0.9% sodium chloride Zinc sulfate
Zinc sulfate
A lactating dairy cow is being examined 90 days after calving bc of a swollen quarter. Milk from the affected quarter is watery and contains clots and flakes. The quarter was treated for mastitis 30 days ago with an approved intramammary preparation of erythromycin. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
Administeration of a broad spectrum systemic antibiotic
Collection of a milk sample for culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing
Intramammary administration of an antibiotic effective againast gram neg bact
Use of a california mastitis test on a sample of milk from affected quarter
Collection of a milk sample for culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing
A cockatiel is being treated with oral antibiotics, and the owner has been instructed to discontinue Ca supplementation during this time. Which of the following antibiotics is most likely being used? Amoxicillin Chloramphenicol Chlortetracycline Enrofloxacin Trimethoprim sulfadiazine
Chlortetracycline
In the bitch, cystic hyperplasia/pyometra is most likely associated with which of the following?
Pituitary ovary uterus endocrine dysfunction
Regression of corpus luteum
Retained placenta
Venereal spread
Viral infection
Pituitary ovary uterus endocrine dysfunction
Which of the following is the most common urolith mineral in cats on an acidifying diet? Ammonium acid urate Ca oxalate Ca phos Mg aluminum phos Uric acid
Ca oxalate
A 4 yr SF maine coon has an excessively matted haircoat, moderate accumulation of dental tartar, and a severe peridontal inflammation. The gingival sulci surrounding both lower third premolars are red and swollen. When these areas are probed, the cat reacts in pain; defects in both teeth at the level of the cemento-enamel junctions are noted. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this cats pain? Calicivirus gingivitis Lymphocytic plasmacytic stomatitis Odontoclastic resorption Periapical abscesses Supragingival and sublingual calculus
Odontoclastic resorption
A 3 yr old F DSH is being evaluated bc of a 3 day hx of anorexia and depression. The cat is dyspneic. A lateral radiograph of the thorax is shown (very opaque thorax, soft tissue opacity). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
Bronchial lavage
Bronchoscopy
Fine needle aspiration of lung parenchyma
Thoracocentesis
Tracheal wash
Thoracocentesis
A dog is being evaluated after accidental ingestion of an organophosphate spray conc. Clinical exam shows pupillary dilation, muscle tremors, and excessive salivation. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial therapy? Acepromazine Atropine Epinephrine Heparin Vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
Atropine
A 1 yr Persion cat has had generalized pruritis, a scaly haircoat, diffuse alopecia for the past 2 and a half weeks. Tiny white flakes are seen on exam of haircoat. The client has a pruritic rash on the arms and trunk. Which of the following studies is most likely to yield evidence of an etiologic agent? Bacterial culture Cellophane tape strip test Fungal culture Skin biopsy Woods lamp exam
Cellophane tape strip test
Exam of an adult horse reveals unilateral epiphora and no other occular abnormalities. Which of the following is the next step?
Culture the tears
Flush the nasolacrimal duct
Place fly ointment around the eye
Place the horse in a dark envir for several days
Treat with topical anti-inflammatory
Flush the nasolacrimal duct
Epiphora is an overflow of tears onto the face. A clinical sign or condition that constitutes insufficient tear film drainage from the eyes in that tears will drain down the face rather than through the nasolacrimal system.
never use steroids if ulcer is present
In the dog, which of the following is a paraneoplastic condition that is most often assoicated with mastocytosis? Gastric hyperacidity Hypercalcemia Hypoglycemia Hypokalemia Metabolic acidosis
Gastric hyperacidity
Mastocytosis is a condition that occurs when mast cells accumulate in skin and/or internal organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and small intestines
A litter of 3 6 week old male feral kittens is brought to the clinic bc they have had difficulty walking in a straight line and have had tremors when they have attempted to walk and stand. The client states that these problems first appeared when the kittens began to walk and that they have not gotten worse. The kittens are eating and growing well. PE shows that the kittens are BAR. Their size is appropriate for their age. Neuro exam shows quadrilateral ataxia and intention tremors. No additional abnormalities are detected. Prenatal or neonatal infection with which of the following viruses is most likely responsible for these clinical signs? Calicivirus Coronavirus FeLV Herpesvirus Parvovirus
Parvovirus
Guttural pouch tympany in the horse is most often the result of which of the following?
A congenital malfunction of the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube
Cranial nerve trauma
Fistula of the auditory tube and trachea
Infection of the gutteral pouch with gas forming organisms
Traumatic pharyngitis
A congenital malfunction of the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube
A 6 yr brood mare at a breeding farm is depressed and reluctant to move 2 days postpartum. On exam, the feet are warm with obvious pulsation of the digital arteries. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Administer oxytocin 60IU SQ
Examine repro tract
Obtain lateral rads of front feet and rear feet
Wean the foal and start mare on hay only diet
Examine repro tract
The owner of a horse and cattle ranch has red, flaky patches on his arms and face. One of his horses is shown in a photo with loss of hair around its eye and temporal bone. The owner reports that only the younger horses have the lesions. The horses have no evidence of pruritis or other adverse effects. Which of the following is the most likely dx? Dermatophilosis Dermatophytosis Pemphigus foliaceus Staphyloccocal folliculitis
Dermatophytosis- fungal
Which of the following is the most frequent cause of iatrogenic mandibular fractures that occur during dental procedures?
Burring of the pulp cavity during endodontic therapy
Extraction of the mandibular canine teeth
Positioning of the mouth prop or speculum in aged cats
Removal of alveolar bone during extraction
Sectioning of the crown of the birooted mandibular first molar
Extraction of the mandibular canine teeth
In a dog with an osteosarcoma in the proximal tibia, metastasis is most likely to occur in which of the following areas?
Inguinal LN
Lungs
Popliteal LN
Sacral spine
Soft tissue distant from the promary tumor
Lungs
A flock of 20,000 8 week old turkeys has a sudden 10% increase in mortality. PE of the birds shows neurologic disease, respiratory tract disease, diarrhea and depression. Post mortem exam of afftected birds shows hemorrhage in the intestines and trachea and peticheal hemorrhages in the liver, spleen, and abdominal fat. Which of the following in the most appropriate next step?
Add dicalcium phosphate to feed
Add tetracycline to drinking water
Depopulate the flock
Immunize the flock against infectious laryngotracheitis
Report the findings to regulatory officials
Report the findings to regulatory officials
On PE of a 24 hr old foal, temp is 101F, HR 80, RR 48. The foal is slightly lethargic and shows marked icterus. Neonatal isoerythrolysis is suspected. Which of the following recommendations should be made to prevent this occurence at the next foaling?
Breed the mare to a related stallion
Do not allow foal to nurse for 6 hours, provide plasma transfusion
Do not allow foal to nurse for 18 hours, provide alternative source of colostrum
Give the foal plasma orally, then allow it to nurse
No changes are necessary, as the situation is unlikely to recur
Do not allow foal to nurse for 18 hours, provide alternative source of colostrum
Which of the following is the most appropriate drug for the long term treatment of a cat with idiopathic epilepsy? Acepromazine Meperidine Phenobarbital Phenytoin Primidone
Phenobarbital
On a yearly pregnancy exam of a beef herd, a very high number of cows are found to be open or at an earlier stage of pregnancy than expected. PE of several cows shows a mucopurulent vaginal discharge suggestive of pyometra and endometritis. Microscopic exam of the discharge from an affected cow using wet mount shows rapidly swimming organisms with multiple flagella and an undulating membrane. Which of the following is the most likley causitive organism? Camplyobacter fetus subsp venerealis Giardia intestinalis Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona Treponema Tritrichomonas foetus
Tritrichomonas foetus
A 4yr DSH cat of unknown blood type requires a blood transfusion. Which of the following is the universal feline donor? A B AB O No feline universal donor is known
No feline universal donor is known
Which of the following is a major clinical sign of hepatic encephalopathy in cats that is observed much less commonly in dogs? Ataxia Depression Polydipsia Polyuria Ptyalism
Ptyalism- drooling
7 first lactation cows and 4 second lactation cows that reside on a 65 cow dairy farm have voluminour, pea-soupy feces two days after the tie stall dairy in northern Vermont ws "closed up" for the winter. The herd is a total of mixed ration of corn silage, hay crop silage, custom grain mix, all formulated and monitored by local grain company representative. Herd consumption of feed is decreased, and the daily shipment of bulk-tank milk is decreased by 20%. One affected animal has a temp of 104 and a heart rate of 90. The other 10 animals have normal temp and pulse and RR. Which is the most likley dx? Acute salmonellosis Bovine virus diarrhea Paratuberculosis Simple indigestion Winter dysentery
Winter dysentery
Monoclonal gammopathy w/ hyperviscosity syndrome is most likely associated with which of the following in the dog? Chronic active hepatitis Demodectic mange Lymphoma Pyometra Systemic fungal dz
Lymphoma
A 2 yr Doberman Pinscher has a cutaneous tumor on the side of the left cheek. Which of the following is the most likely type of tumor? Apocrine adenocarcinoma Hemangioma Histiocytoma Lymphoma Squamous cell carcinoma
Histiocytoma
Which of the following metabolic disturbances are most likely to develop following rupture of the urinary bladder in the neonatal foal? Hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis Hypernatremia, hyperkalemia alkalosis Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, alkalosis
Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, alkalosis
A prairie dog that was caught in the wild is being evaluated bc of anorexia. The owner should be cautioned that the prairie dog may be a carrier of which of the following infectious agents? Baylisascaris procyonis Listeria monocytogenes Staphlococcus aureus Trichophyton mentagrophytes Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis
In the horse, the suspensory ligament of the spleen attaches the spleen to what structure? Caudate lobe of liver Left lobe of liver Left kidney Right kidney
Left kidney
The condition of the 2 month old colt shown (extreme valgus) has progressively worsened since the colt was turned onto pasture with the dam. Which of the following areas of the tibia is most likely affected? Distal physis Epiphysis Metaphysis Proximal physis
Proximal physis
growth plate injury
The CNS clinical signs associated with “salt poisoning” in pigs are primarily due to which of the following?
Demyelination of spinal and peripheral nerves
Edema, degenerative changes, pressure necrosis of cerebrum
High conc of circulating chloride ion that causes direct necrosis of neurons
High conc of circulating sodium ion that cause direct necrosis of neurons
Liquefactive necrosis of grey matter of the cerebellum
Edema, degenerative changes, pressure necrosis of cerebrum
A 16 yr old cat with a hx of vomiting is being evaluated bc it has not eaten for the past several days. The cat is about 2lbs underweight and appears severely dehydrated. They kidneys are firm and small on palpation. When rehydrating this cat with an IV infusion of lactated ringers solution, which of the following serum conc is most likely to become deficient? Ca Cl Phos K Na
Cl
During normal calving, which of the following is the correct presentation and position of the fetus? Anterior, longitudinal, dorsopubic Anterior, longitudinal, dorsosacral Posterior, longitudinal, dorsopubic Posterior, longitudinal, dorsosacral
Posterior, longitudinal, dorsosacral
Which of the following samples has the highest probablilty of providing a positive isolation of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus?
A nasal swab from a cow that died after being sick for 3 weeks
A nasal swab from a cow that has been off feed for a week, with a temp of 103, fibropurulent nasal discharge
A nasal swab from a cow with a temp of 107 and serous nasal discharge
An occular swab from a cow with 10 days hx conjunctivitis
A vaginal swab from cow with purulent discharge
A nasal swab from a cow with a temp of 107 and serous nasal discharge
Cages and equipment exposed to a cat infected with feline panleukopenia virus are most effectively decontaminated by thorough cleaning with which of the following? Alcohol solution Phenol based disinfectants Quartermary ammonium compounds Sodium hypochlorite solution Strong detergent
Quartermary ammonium compounds
5% of a flock of 200 cross bred ewes that are due to lamb w/in the next 30 days are anorectic and depressed. 3 of the animals appear blind. Vital are normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? Assess the biosecurity program Assess the environment Review the breeding program Review the ration Review the vaccination program
Review the ration
A 2 yr DSH is being evaluated for inability to urinate. On exam, cat has a large bladder that is easily expressed. Tail is limp, no voluntary movement. Anal tone is normal. These findings are most consistent with? Cauda equina syndrome Fibrocartilaginous emboli Lumbosacral instability Protrusion of intervetebral disk Traumatic damage to sacral nerves
Traumatic damage to sacral nerves
Clinical signs of ketosis in the bovine are most commonly observed at which of the following times? 3m before parturition 3w before parturition 3d before parturition 3w after parturition 3m after parturition
3w after parturition
A client observed a flat, segmented white worm on feces passed by her 3 yr old mixed breed dog. In addition to treating w/ praziquantel, the client should be advised to do what?
Find and eliminate areas of stagnant water where mosquitoes breed
Inform her doctor that she has been exposed
Initiate a flea control and prevention program
Put out rat bait to limit the source
Remove all fecal material from the yard on a daily basis
Initiate a flea control and prevention program
A group of dairy calves housed outdoors in hutches have developed profuse, watery diarrhea. CS start 10-15 days, morbidity rate has been nearly 100%, however mortality rate less than 10%. The feces are milky white to grey in color. Temp range from 101 to 102.5F. The owner has been treating the animals with additional fluids and electrolytes, and most recover w/in 7 days. Which is the most likely causative organism? Clostridium perfringens type C or D Cryptosporidium parvum Enteropathogenic E coli Salmonella
Cryptosporidium parvum
Which of the following mechanisms is the most likely cause of infertility in mares with pneumovagina?
Increased serum prostaglandin F2alpha conc
Inhibit of luteinizing hormone
Secondary endometritis
Semen lostt
Secondary endometritis
A 5 yr old holstein cow has had partial anorexia and poor milk production for several weeks. PE shows a firm, enlarged supramammary lymph node that is not inflamed or painful when palpated. Rectal exam demonstrates a firm, 4 cm mural mass on right uterine horn. What is the likely dx? Caseous lymphadenitis Lymphangiectasia Lymphoma Septicemia Uterine abscess
Uterine abscess
The gross lesions of African swine fever are most likely to be confused with lesions caused by which of the following pathogens? Eryipelothrix Haemophilus Hog cholera Pasteurella Psenudorabies
Hog cholera
A round ulcerated lesion on the distal leg of a horse is most likely due to? Dermatophilosis Habronemiasis Melanoma Papillomatosis
Habronemiasis
A client returns home from work to find her 5 yr NM cat waiting to go outside. The cat is dragging its hindlimbs and crying as if in pain. The cat acted normally when let outside in the morning. On PE, hindlimbs are stiff and colder than forelimbs. Which of the following is the most likely dx? Bite wound in lumbosacral region Spinal fracture Spinal lymphoma Fibrocartilaginous embolism Aortic thromboembolism
Aortic thromboembolism
A 12 yr mini poodle with left heart failure caused by mitral valve insufficiency is being treated with furosemide and enalapril. The CS resolved during the first 2 months of treatment but have recurred in the past 48hrs, and the dog now has pulmonary edema and atrial fibrillation. Which of the following agents should be added to this dogs existing treatments? Digoxin Lidocaine Nitroprusside Propranolol Quinidine
Digoxin
The finding of glucosuria in a 6 week old lamb with very good BCS would be presumptive evidence of?
Diabetes
Leptospirosos
Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens D
Renal abscess
Vit B (thiamine) deficiency
Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens D
A 12 yr spayed Himalayan queen has bilaterally detached retinas. Which of the following is the most common underlying cause of this finding? Hyperadrenocorticism Hyperinsulinism Hyperparathyroidism Hypertension Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
A 3yr thoroughbred gelding has had lethargy and a poor appetite for the past 2 weeks. Temp 101.4, HR 42, RR 16. PE shows mild depression, exposure keratitis of right eye, head tilt, with the poll displaced to the right. The muzzle is deviated to the left, lower lip is flaccid and dropping. Which is the most appropriate next step?
Electromyography
Endoscopic eval of larynx
Eval of aspirate from temporomandibular joint
Nerve conduction velocity tests
Skull rads
Electromyography
A 4 yr mixed breed dog has had diarrhea and weight loss for the past 8 weeks. Diarrhea is characterized by increased volume of feces w/out mucus or blood. The dog defecates approx 3x/day w/o tenesmus. Results of CBC, serum biochem, trypsin, urinalysis all normal. Multiple fecal samples negative for parasites and pathogenic bacteria. Which of the following steps is most likely to confirm dx?
Administer anti inflam pred
Colonoscopy
Initiation of highly digestible diet
Measurement of serum cobalamin and folate conc
Upper GR endoscopy w/ biopsies of stomach and duodenum
Measurement of serum cobalamin and folate conc
A 7yr M mixed dog being eval 2 week hx intermittent hematuria and constipation. The owner has noticed that the dog strains to defecate and also has difficulty going upstairs. PE shows symmetric, nonpainful prostatomegaly. CBC, biochem normal. Results of cytologic exam of prostatic fluid are consistent with BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). After castration, which is the most appropriate next step in management? Finasteride Diethylstilbestrol Enrofloxacin Medroxyprogesterone No further management necessary
Finasteride
A 4 yr cat examined after owner noticed blood tinged saliva on muzzle 3 days ago. PE shows swollen chin, depressed reddish lesions on hard palate, erythematous region on upper lip adjacent to left canine tooth. Cat is otherwise healthy. What is the likely diagnosis? Calicivirus Cryptococcosis Eosinophilic granuloma Pemphigus vulgaris Squamous cell carcinoma
Eosinophilic granuloma
7 yr Greyhound fails to blink with medial palpebral of left side. This finding is most siggestive of a defect in which CN? Optic or occulomotor Trochlear or olfactory Trochlear or vestibulocochlear Trigeminal or facial Abducens or optic
Trigeminal or facial
A 5 yr old dairy cow is being eval bc of hx of intermittent episodes of lameness and weight loss. PE shows incisor teeth are unevenly worn, pitted and stained black. The changes suggest toxicosis from? Arsenic Fluorides Selenium Strontium 90 Zinc
Fluorides
Which of the following potential zoonoses correctly corresponds to its most common means of dz transmission to humans?
Borrelia burgdorferi bite of Dermacentor
Brucella abortus consumption of unwashed veggies
Diphylobothrium latum consumption of infected snails
Rickettsia the bite of infected Ixodes scapularis
Taenia saginata consumption of undercooked beef
Taenia saginata consumption of undercooked beef
ixodes- lyme dz
tapeworm from raw fish diphylobothrium
Dermacentor- rocky mt spotted fever
The presence of large numbers of the tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses is most likely associated with which of the following? Gastric ulceration Ileocecal intussesception Right dorsal colitis Small intestinal volvulus Torsion of large colon
Torsion of large colon
6 m old NM mixed breed puppy is given an amitraz dip for the treatment of generalized demodectic mange. Shortly after, the puppy develops depression, weakness, anorexia, bradycardia and decreased respir rate and body temp. The most appropriate tx is administration of? Diazepam Flumazenil Pralidoxime cl Xylazine Yohimbine
Yohimbine
A 5yr gelding is being eval bc coughing during exercise and while stabled after eating. The horse is consistently afebrile. PE shows mild nasal discharge. Which of the following is the most likely dx? Bact bronchopneumonia Chronic obstructive pulmonary dz Congestive heart failure Pleuritis Sinusitis
Chronic obstructive pulmonary dz
In the cat, a finding of increased resonance on percussion of chest is most likely indicateive of?? Diaphragmatic hernia Pleural effusion Pneumothorax Pulmonary mass Pulmonary edema
Pneumothorax
