assessment 1

Question 1

describe syngamy

Answer 1

the meeting of male and female gametes

Question 2

are gametes haploid or diploid?

Answer 2

haploid

Question 3

what is an example of an animal that reproduces externally?

Answer 3

salmon, frogs

Question 4

what is an example of an animal that reproduces internally?

Answer 4

giraffes, humans

Question 5

how many copies of each chromosome do haploid cells have?

Answer 5

one copy

Question 6

what are mammals which lay eggs called + examples?

Answer 6

monotremes, echidnas, platypus

Question 7

what are the two primary roles of the placenta?

Answer 7

remove waste, supply oxygen and nutrients

Question 8

what is the purpose of the pouch for marsupials?

Answer 8

so the babies can continue developing after birth

Question 9

is the umbilical cord two way?

Answer 9

yes, one for waste, one for oxygen + nutrients

Question 10

what blood vessels are present in the umbilical cord?

Answer 10

two arteries and one vein

Question 11

where are the follicles located?

Answer 11

in the ovaries

Question 12

how many follicles reach full maturity each cycle?

Answer 12

one

Question 13

what does oestrogen promote?

Answer 13

the thickening of the endometrium

Question 14

what does progesterone do?

Answer 14

stabilises the endometrium

Question 15

what hormones do follicles release into the bloodstream?

Answer 15

oestrogen

Question 16

from what does the corpus luteum develop?

Answer 16

the ruptured follicle following ovulation

Question 17

what does the corpus luteum do?

Answer 17

release oestrogen and progesterone

Question 18

what happens after the corpus luteum disintegrates at the end?

Answer 18

menstruation occurs, because of the decrease of progesterone and oestrogen

Question 19

which phase comes first in the menstrual cycle (luteal, follicular)

Answer 19

follicular phase, then the luteal phase

Question 20

what is GnRH?

Answer 20

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Question 21

what does GnRH trigger?

Answer 21

the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinising hormone)

Question 22

What does FSH do? (follicle stimulating hormone)

Answer 22

it triggers the growth of follicles in the ovaries

Question 23

What does LH do? (luteinising hormone)

Answer 23

high concentrations of LH cause the egg to burst out of the mature follicle, the remaining follicle to develop into the corpus luteum

Question 24

where does the fertilisation of the egg occur? (in humans)

Answer 24

in the fallopian tube

Question 25

what is the name of the clump of cells which implants itself into the endometrium wall in the uterus?

Answer 25

a blastocyst

Question 26

what is HCG?

Answer 26

human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 27

what does HCG do?

Answer 27

it sustains the corpus luteum, allows it to continue secreting progesterone and oestrogen

Question 28

how is the structure of DNA described as?

Answer 28

a double helix

Question 29

what backbone does DNA have?

Answer 29

a sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 30

what is the structure of a nucleotide?

Answer 30

phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar (DNA) OR ribose sugar (RNA), nitrogenous base

Question 31

what is an example of a prokaryotic organism?

Answer 31

bacteria

Question 32

what occurs during S phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 32

DNA synthesis, DNA replication

Question 33

what happens throughout all of interphase?

Answer 33

the cell grows by producing proteins and additional copies of organelles, such as mitochondria

Question 34

what is the mid-point of a chromosome called?

Answer 34

the centromere

Question 35

name the four (five ish) stages of mitosis

Answer 35

PMAT, prophase metaphase anaphase telophase, cytokinesis

Question 36

what is incomplete dominance?

Answer 36

blend of two traits

Question 37

what is codominance?

Answer 37

when both traits show up together