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anatomy of the human language /communication > Assessment 1 > Flashcards

Assessment 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 planes of the body and the resulting sections the body is divided by

A
  • Coronal/ front- crown or tiara shape. slicing through the body, front and back. Anterior/ventral- towards the front and then posterior/dorsal- towards the back
  • Sagittal-mid line of the body, right and left section. dextral-towards the right and sinistral-towards the left
  • transverse/horizontal-horizon, hot dog slice, top and bottom. Rostral- towards the nose, and caudal-towards the tail
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2
Q

central

A

inside

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3
Q

peripheral

A

outside

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4
Q

deep

A

internal

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5
Q

superficial

A

external

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6
Q

proximal

A

toward the center

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7
Q

distal

A

exterior, away from the center

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8
Q

superior

A

above

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9
Q

inferior

A

below

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10
Q

why do we need the common language?

A

everyone can know what you are talking about and communicating about

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11
Q

what are our arms, lungs, and eyes located to/ by?

A

distal to our chest, and lungs are deep to your skin, eyes are not inferior to your chin

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12
Q

epithelia tissue

A

groups of similar cells preforming a common function

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13
Q

four groups of tissue:

A

epithelia, connective/vascular, muscle, and nerve

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14
Q

function of the epithelial tissue

A

cover exterior surfaces of the body, line the internal closed cavities, and tubes of the body

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15
Q

secretory function

A

stomach, larynx, respiratory

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16
Q

absorptive function

A

intestines

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17
Q

protective

A

skin

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18
Q

how to classify types of epithelial tissue by arrangement and shape

A

cells close together, can be in multiple layers

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19
Q

epithelia tissue

A

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSimple_squamous_epithelium&psig=AOvVaw3UClmdpxs-aZJuVsdOl8Ph&ust=1632531112933000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCMiLiLuylvMCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

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20
Q

determine what type of epithelial tissue is found in the respiratory system and vocal tract

A

the secretory tissue is found in the larynx, respiratory, and the stomach

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21
Q

define mesothelium

A

epithelium lining walls and covering contents of thoracic, pericardial, abdominal cavities of the body.

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22
Q

define endothelium

A

epithelia tissue lining vascular system (blood and lymph nodes)

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23
Q

related disease to mesothelium

A

asbestos exposure

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24
Q

keratin is what?

A

tough, insoluble protein substance that is the chief structural constituent of hair, nails, horns, and hooves. flaky, true vocal folds do not have, hard cells not on vocal folds, maybe a good thing because you don’t have mucus to move cells away,glamp of vibrations.

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25
Q

importance of cilia

A

to move water relative to the cell in a regular movement of the cilia. reproductive system, coding all of the surfaces of the fallopian tube,

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26
Q

simple squamous

A

blood vessels, heart, alveoli. oxygen get to body by circulatory system which is connected with blood, muscles need to contract al through the blood vessels. big breath to collect oxygen, breath and lungs support voice

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27
Q

ciliated simple columnar

A

nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi. found in nasal cavity, found in nose, take air through the nose, make nasal sounds

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28
Q

stratified squamous

A

skin (keratinized) true vocal folds (non-keratinized)

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29
Q

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

A

trachea, false vocal folds

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30
Q

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the respiratory system and vocal tract

A

simple squamous, stratified squamous (non-keratinized), ciliated simple columnar, psedostratified ciliated columnar

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31
Q

describe purpose of connective tissue

A

adjacent to epithelial tissue, connect, bind, and supply blood structure.

32
Q

cell types of connective tissue by name and function

A

OK!! GO!

33
Q

synthesizes extra cellular matrix and collagen

A

fibroblast

34
Q

engulf and digest pathogens and debris

A

macrophage

35
Q

store energy as fat, fat cells

A

adipose

36
Q

white blood cells secretes antibodies

A

plasma cell

37
Q

rich in histamine (anti allergy) and herparin (anticoagulant)

A

mast cell

38
Q

most common fiber type and cells in connective tissue

A

2!

39
Q

form interlacing bundles, fiber derived from the cell type-fibroblast, and collagenous fibers and fibroblasts are the most common components of connective tissue.

A

collagenous

40
Q

impart elastic properties to tissue, less numerous than collagenous, derived from fibroblasts

A

elastic

41
Q

Changes in connective tissue with age

A

becoming more stiff. This makes the organs, blood vessels, and airways more rigid. Cell membranes change, so many tissues have more trouble getting oxygen and nutrients, and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. Many tissues lose mass.

42
Q

dense and loose connective tissue and provide examples

A

ratio of cells to the extracellular fibers, loose: areolar, reticular, and adipose. Dense: tendon, fascia, ligament, and aponeruosis

43
Q

fewer cells and more fibers, organs, blood vessels, and nerves. also stores energy

A

loose connective tissue

44
Q

more cells and fewer fibers

A

dense connective tissue

45
Q

cord like structures which joint muscles to bones/cartilage, parallel bundles of collagen fibers with fibroblasts in-between

A

tendon

46
Q

bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage. fibers are less regularly arranged the tendons. provide stability to joint by restricting movement and placement of bone,

A

ligament

47
Q

broad tendinous sheets, covering for muscle

A

aponeurosis

48
Q

irregular arranged fibers, forms sheaths around bundles of muscles

A

fascia

49
Q

distinguish tendons from ligaments

A

join muscles to bones and cartilage, ligaments goes bone to bone

50
Q

green cells are called ___ and what is their function

A

fibroblasts/ collagen production

51
Q

what type of fibers are thick dark pink color and what type of tissue are they found in?

A

collagen/dense

52
Q

precursor to our Skelton.
infant: initial Skelton of the fetus, growth plate for bones. Adults: present at the articular bone surfaces, respiratory tract: trachea, bronchi, larynx, nose, ends of the ribs.
Matrix of cartilage undergoes ccalcification when cartilage is about to be replaced by debone during growth

A

hyaline cartilage

53
Q

matrix contains bundles of thick collagenous fibers. shearing force, resistance to both compression and shear. Location: intervertebral discs, sternocalvicular joints, temporomandibular joints, shoulder joints, and pubic symphysis.

A

fibrocartilage

54
Q

increased elasticity-pliable. location: most outer ear, Eustachian tube, larynx. does not calcify.

A

elastic cartilage

55
Q

high surface area to mass ratio, responsible for metabolic activity (exchange of calcium ions), found at ends of long bones, proximal to joints, and within interior of vertebrae. high vascular, contains red bone marrow

A

spongy bone

56
Q

support for body, levers for movement, store and release element (calcium). 80% weight of human Skeltons, outer shell of most bones, yellow arrow is harbored inside a layer of dense bone

A

dense/compact bone

57
Q

no mobility, joints of skulls, tooth root and alveolus, make relevance, structure inside the brain, thought and language all come from brain, care about teeth because articulation targets for tongue to make certain sounds, chewing and swallowing.

A

fibrous joint

58
Q

limited mobility between pubic bones, between disks of vertebral column

A

cartilaginous joint

59
Q

high mobility, joint cavity with synovial fluid, lubricating substance, ball and socket joints, hinge joint

A

synovial joint

60
Q

difficult time with excessive amount of dandruff, loss which type of epithelial tissue

A

stratified squamous (keratinized)

61
Q

involuntary

A

cardiac/heart muscle

62
Q

involuntary, moves gut and the walls of blood vessels and certain of the tubes that make up bronchial tree

A

smooth muscle

63
Q

voluntary

A

striated/skeletal

64
Q

muscle contraction at the level of the sarcomere

A

Within the sarcomere, myosin slides along actin to contract the muscle fiber in a process that requires ATP.

65
Q

motor unit

A

set of muscle fibers all innervated by the same motor neuron make up

66
Q

innervation ratio

A

number of fibers controlled by one neuron. low end innervation is roughly 5. at the high end number may be 1000.

67
Q

smallest unit of muscle contraction

A

Within the sarcoplasm of each individual muscle fibre are approximately 1,000 to 2,000 myofibrils. Composed of the contractile proteins actin and myosin, the myofibrils represent the smallest units of contraction in living muscle. Sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle fibre.

68
Q

blood clotting

A

platelets

69
Q

immunity

A

lymphocytes

70
Q

oxygen transport

A

red blood cells

71
Q

phagocytosis

A

neutrophils

72
Q

blood AWAY FROM HEART, high pumping pressure, thick band of smooth muscle, oxygen rich

A

arteries

73
Q

blood TO HEART, pressure I slow, rely on skeletal muscle contraction for support unmoving blood, valves that prevent back flow of blood.

A

veins

74
Q

how clients with a CVA might end up on a speech language pathologists caseload

A

neurogenic language disorders in adulthood caused by cardiovascular accidents or head injury in head and neck anatomy. stroke TBI. patients with aphasias, dysarthria, apraxia, dysphagia, and or right hemisphere syndrome post CVA or TBI.

75
Q

type of bone where red blood cells are manufactured

A

spongy

76
Q

plantar faculties is a common ailment that runners encounter leading to tenderness and pain in foot is what type of connective tissue

A

dense

anatomy of the human language /communication (1 decks)

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