Assessment 1 Flashcards
3 planes of the body and the resulting sections the body is divided by
- Coronal/ front- crown or tiara shape. slicing through the body, front and back. Anterior/ventral- towards the front and then posterior/dorsal- towards the back
- Sagittal-mid line of the body, right and left section. dextral-towards the right and sinistral-towards the left
- transverse/horizontal-horizon, hot dog slice, top and bottom. Rostral- towards the nose, and caudal-towards the tail
central
inside
peripheral
outside
deep
internal
superficial
external
proximal
toward the center
distal
exterior, away from the center
superior
above
inferior
below
why do we need the common language?
everyone can know what you are talking about and communicating about
what are our arms, lungs, and eyes located to/ by?
distal to our chest, and lungs are deep to your skin, eyes are not inferior to your chin
epithelia tissue
groups of similar cells preforming a common function
four groups of tissue:
epithelia, connective/vascular, muscle, and nerve
function of the epithelial tissue
cover exterior surfaces of the body, line the internal closed cavities, and tubes of the body
secretory function
stomach, larynx, respiratory
absorptive function
intestines
protective
skin
how to classify types of epithelial tissue by arrangement and shape
cells close together, can be in multiple layers
epithelia tissue
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSimple_squamous_epithelium&psig=AOvVaw3UClmdpxs-aZJuVsdOl8Ph&ust=1632531112933000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCMiLiLuylvMCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
determine what type of epithelial tissue is found in the respiratory system and vocal tract
the secretory tissue is found in the larynx, respiratory, and the stomach
define mesothelium
epithelium lining walls and covering contents of thoracic, pericardial, abdominal cavities of the body.
define endothelium
epithelia tissue lining vascular system (blood and lymph nodes)
related disease to mesothelium
asbestos exposure
keratin is what?
tough, insoluble protein substance that is the chief structural constituent of hair, nails, horns, and hooves. flaky, true vocal folds do not have, hard cells not on vocal folds, maybe a good thing because you don’t have mucus to move cells away,glamp of vibrations.
importance of cilia
to move water relative to the cell in a regular movement of the cilia. reproductive system, coding all of the surfaces of the fallopian tube,
simple squamous
blood vessels, heart, alveoli. oxygen get to body by circulatory system which is connected with blood, muscles need to contract al through the blood vessels. big breath to collect oxygen, breath and lungs support voice
ciliated simple columnar
nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi. found in nasal cavity, found in nose, take air through the nose, make nasal sounds
stratified squamous
skin (keratinized) true vocal folds (non-keratinized)
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar
trachea, false vocal folds
Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the respiratory system and vocal tract
simple squamous, stratified squamous (non-keratinized), ciliated simple columnar, psedostratified ciliated columnar
describe purpose of connective tissue
adjacent to epithelial tissue, connect, bind, and supply blood structure.
cell types of connective tissue by name and function
OK!! GO!
synthesizes extra cellular matrix and collagen
fibroblast
engulf and digest pathogens and debris
macrophage
store energy as fat, fat cells
adipose
white blood cells secretes antibodies
plasma cell
rich in histamine (anti allergy) and herparin (anticoagulant)
mast cell
most common fiber type and cells in connective tissue
2!
form interlacing bundles, fiber derived from the cell type-fibroblast, and collagenous fibers and fibroblasts are the most common components of connective tissue.
collagenous
impart elastic properties to tissue, less numerous than collagenous, derived from fibroblasts
elastic
Changes in connective tissue with age
becoming more stiff. This makes the organs, blood vessels, and airways more rigid. Cell membranes change, so many tissues have more trouble getting oxygen and nutrients, and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. Many tissues lose mass.
dense and loose connective tissue and provide examples
ratio of cells to the extracellular fibers, loose: areolar, reticular, and adipose. Dense: tendon, fascia, ligament, and aponeruosis
fewer cells and more fibers, organs, blood vessels, and nerves. also stores energy
loose connective tissue
more cells and fewer fibers
dense connective tissue
cord like structures which joint muscles to bones/cartilage, parallel bundles of collagen fibers with fibroblasts in-between
tendon
bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage. fibers are less regularly arranged the tendons. provide stability to joint by restricting movement and placement of bone,
ligament
broad tendinous sheets, covering for muscle
aponeurosis
irregular arranged fibers, forms sheaths around bundles of muscles
fascia
distinguish tendons from ligaments
join muscles to bones and cartilage, ligaments goes bone to bone
green cells are called ___ and what is their function
fibroblasts/ collagen production
what type of fibers are thick dark pink color and what type of tissue are they found in?
collagen/dense
precursor to our Skelton.
infant: initial Skelton of the fetus, growth plate for bones. Adults: present at the articular bone surfaces, respiratory tract: trachea, bronchi, larynx, nose, ends of the ribs.
Matrix of cartilage undergoes ccalcification when cartilage is about to be replaced by debone during growth
hyaline cartilage
matrix contains bundles of thick collagenous fibers. shearing force, resistance to both compression and shear. Location: intervertebral discs, sternocalvicular joints, temporomandibular joints, shoulder joints, and pubic symphysis.
fibrocartilage
increased elasticity-pliable. location: most outer ear, Eustachian tube, larynx. does not calcify.
elastic cartilage
high surface area to mass ratio, responsible for metabolic activity (exchange of calcium ions), found at ends of long bones, proximal to joints, and within interior of vertebrae. high vascular, contains red bone marrow
spongy bone
support for body, levers for movement, store and release element (calcium). 80% weight of human Skeltons, outer shell of most bones, yellow arrow is harbored inside a layer of dense bone
dense/compact bone
no mobility, joints of skulls, tooth root and alveolus, make relevance, structure inside the brain, thought and language all come from brain, care about teeth because articulation targets for tongue to make certain sounds, chewing and swallowing.
fibrous joint
limited mobility between pubic bones, between disks of vertebral column
cartilaginous joint
high mobility, joint cavity with synovial fluid, lubricating substance, ball and socket joints, hinge joint
synovial joint
difficult time with excessive amount of dandruff, loss which type of epithelial tissue
stratified squamous (keratinized)
involuntary
cardiac/heart muscle
involuntary, moves gut and the walls of blood vessels and certain of the tubes that make up bronchial tree
smooth muscle
voluntary
striated/skeletal
muscle contraction at the level of the sarcomere
Within the sarcomere, myosin slides along actin to contract the muscle fiber in a process that requires ATP.
motor unit
set of muscle fibers all innervated by the same motor neuron make up
innervation ratio
number of fibers controlled by one neuron. low end innervation is roughly 5. at the high end number may be 1000.
smallest unit of muscle contraction
Within the sarcoplasm of each individual muscle fibre are approximately 1,000 to 2,000 myofibrils. Composed of the contractile proteins actin and myosin, the myofibrils represent the smallest units of contraction in living muscle. Sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle fibre.
blood clotting
platelets
immunity
lymphocytes
oxygen transport
red blood cells
phagocytosis
neutrophils
blood AWAY FROM HEART, high pumping pressure, thick band of smooth muscle, oxygen rich
arteries
blood TO HEART, pressure I slow, rely on skeletal muscle contraction for support unmoving blood, valves that prevent back flow of blood.
veins
how clients with a CVA might end up on a speech language pathologists caseload
neurogenic language disorders in adulthood caused by cardiovascular accidents or head injury in head and neck anatomy. stroke TBI. patients with aphasias, dysarthria, apraxia, dysphagia, and or right hemisphere syndrome post CVA or TBI.
type of bone where red blood cells are manufactured
spongy
plantar faculties is a common ailment that runners encounter leading to tenderness and pain in foot is what type of connective tissue
dense
