Assessing the Abdominal System Flashcards

(63 cards)

1
Q

What are the the 4 abdominal quadrants?

A

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Right lower quadrant quadrant (RLQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

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2
Q

What are the 9 abdominal regions?

A

Right hypochondriac

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3
Q

Viscera

A

Refers to the soft, internal organs

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4
Q

Peritoneum

A

Layers of tissue that line the abdominal cavity and organs

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5
Q

Striae

A

Stretch marks or indented streaks in skin

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6
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal fluid build-up in the space between the abdominal lining/organs

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7
Q

Keloids

A

A type of raised scar resulting from excessive scar tissue growth

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8
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlarged liver

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9
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlarged spleen

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10
Q

CVA tenderness

A

Costovertebral tenderness

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11
Q

AAA

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

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12
Q

Peristalsis

A

Involuntary contraction & relaxation of the muscles in the GI

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13
Q

Hernia

A

Bulging of an internal organ through a weak area (usually in abdomen)

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14
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical connection of two body structures (e.g. after bowel resection)

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15
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal opening/passage between two organs or with surface of body

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16
Q

Ulcers

A

Open sores

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17
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

Condition where tissue similar to lining of intestines replaces usual esophageal tissue

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18
Q

C. diff

A

Bacteria that causes diarrhea/colitis

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19
Q

Appendix

A
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20
Q

Candida

A
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21
Q

IBS

A

Irritable bowel syndrome

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22
Q

IBD

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

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23
Q

Diverticula

A
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24
Q

BRBPR

A

Bright red blood per rectum

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25
Hematochezia
26
Esophageal varices
Enlarged or dilated submucosal veins in the esophagus
27
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
28
Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins around anus/rectum
29
Flatulence
Passage of intestinal gas
30
Odynophagia
Painful swallowing
30
Melena
Black, tarry, sticky stool
31
EGD
Procedure of upper GI tract, also called "upper endoscopy"
31
Colostomy
Surgical opening for the colon through the abdomen
31
Tenesmus
A persistent, painful urge
32
Proctitis
Inflammation of the rectal lining
33
Colonoscopy
Procedure of the lower GI tract
34
Borborygmus
35
Feces
The material of a bowel movement
36
Indigestion
37
Anal fissure
38
Suppository
39
What is solid viscera?
40
What is hollow viscera?
Organs that change shape e.g. Stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, large intestine, bladder
41
How might your patient describe visceral pain?
- Dull, aching, burning, cramping, colicky (crampy), poorly defined or localized - Intermittent pain - Secondary to distention of hollow organs
42
How might your patient describe parietal pain?
43
How might your patient describe referred pain?
- Pain at a distant site - e.g. Gallbladder pain can be shoulder
44
Abdominal exam order
Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
45
Physical Exam: Inspection
Coloration, vascularity
46
Physical Exam: Auscultation
- Diaphragm of stethoscope listens to bowel sounds - Light pressure - Start in RLQ & go clockwise - Listen for up to 5 min. per quadrant - Normally 5-30 bowel sounds per min.
47
Physical Exam: Percussion
48
Physical Exam: Palpation
49
Cullen's Sign
50
Turner's Sign
Indicates bleeding within the abdominal wall
51
Hyperactive bowel sounds
52
Hypoactive bowel sounds
53
Decreased or absent bowel sound
Abs May be medical emergency Auscultate for at least 5 minutes
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