Assembly Final Review

Question 1

Unsigned integer

Answer 1

Integers that can only represent nonnegative whole numbers. Ex: an 8 bit unsigned integer can represent values 0 from 255.

Question 2

Horner’s scheme

Answer 2

A method to evaluate decimal values of a number. Start with writing the first number of the number times 1 minus the length of the number until you get to 0. If its not binary then multiply by the base.

Ex: 10010011
(1x2^7)+(0x2^6)+(0x2^5)+…+(1x2^0)
–>((((((1x2+0)2+0)2+1)…))))))

Question 3

2’s complement

Answer 3

Binary representation scheme used for signed integers. Positive numbers are the same as sign magnitude. For negative numbers, invert all the bits and add 1.

Question 4

Bitwise operations

Answer 4

And, Or and Xor

And returns 1 if both bits are 1, Or returns 1 if either are 1, and Xor returns 1 if either are 1 but not both

Question 5

What is Unicode?

Answer 5

A coding scheme on how to represent characters using 16 bits or more

Question 6

How do you convert decimal (base 10) to binary?

Answer 6

Repeated division method

Question 7

Signed integer

Answer 7

Can represent both pos and neg integers

Question 8

How to represent numbers in sign magnitude

Answer 8

Find out how many bits youll need by finding what power you need for 2. The result can’t be bigger than the number. Ex: 468, 2^8 = 256, 2^9 = 512 which is too big. Subtract 256 from 468 and if the result is positive then add 1 to the beginning of binary num, 0 otherwise.

Question 9

Sign magnitude

Answer 9

For positive numbers, the sign bit is 0 and 1 for negative numbers

Question 10

One’s complement

Answer 10

Same as sign magnitude but inverted

Question 11

Instruction

Answer 11

Task in mips with 2 main parts, opcode and operand

Question 12

Register

Answer 12

Fastest kind of storage device located on processor

Question 13

Bit shifting

Answer 13

Moving bits of a binary number left or right.

Question 14

CISC

Answer 14

Complex Instruction Set Computing: supports a large set of complex instructions

Advantages: Can do complex operations in 1 instruction
Disadvantages: Increased complexity can lead to longer runtimes and higher costs

Question 15

RISC

Answer 15

Reduced Instruction Set Computing: supports smaller set of simple instructions

Advantages: Simplified instruction set allows for easier pipelining and faster execution
Disadvantages: May require more instructions to do complex operations

Question 16

Fetch-decode-execute

Answer 16

CPU retrieves instruction from memory and stores it in the PC (program counter). CPU then sends address from PC to memory and stores instruction in IR.

CPU then interprets the opcode and specifies the operation to be performed

Instruction is then executed

Question 17

Pipelining

Answer 17

Overlapping the execution of multiple instructions to improve throughput of instruction execution

Question 18

ISA

Answer 18

Instruction Set Architecture, A set of rules and conventions that define the interface between hardware and software. Includes instructions, registers, data types and addressing modes