Assembly Flashcards

1
Q

Where does assembly language fit in the software chain?

A

lowest level, deals directly with CPU, sits on top of machine code and reveals how processor manages/moves data for processing in single steps,

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2
Q

How is data represented in memory

A

grouped in sets of bytes (8 bits), represented by two-digit hex octet,common sets WORD (2 bytes); DWORD (4 bytes)

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3
Q

Location of stack

A

physically in RAM, it’s allocation allows for short term storage area for CPU and active programs

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4
Q

ID location of registers

A

resident memory inside CPU

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5
Q

In IA-32 registers, which are generic registers that can be used for any integer, Boolean, logical, or memory operation?

A

EAX, EBX, and EDX

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6
Q

In IA-32 registers, what is sometimes used as a counter by repetitive instructions that require counting, but is still a generic register?

A

ECX

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7
Q

In IA-32 registers, what are frequently used as a source and destination pointers in instructions that copy memory?

A

ESI & EDI (SI for Source Index, and DI for Destination Index)

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8
Q

In IA-32 registers, what points to the stack position right after the return address for the current function?

A

EBP (extended base pointer)

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9
Q

what stores the current position in the stack?

A

ESP (Extended Stack Pointer)

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10
Q

In IA-32 registers, what holds the address of the next line of code to be executed by the program? (so it is always pointing to the next thing to do)

A

EIP (Extended Instruction Pointer)

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11
Q

In IA-32, what are status registers, commonly used to influence jumps in assembly, as they all reflect the current state of the CPU, holds a value representing current state of processor?

A

EFLAGS

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12
Q

What state is the flag (EFLAGS) set to during an execution?

A

Set(1) or Cleared(0), based on result of the last operation.

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13
Q

What are instructions in assembly based around?

A

Operation code (opcode)

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14
Q

What is the size range of an opcode?

A

1-8 bytes

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15
Q

What are examples of opcodes?

A

MOV, CMP, AND, OR, XOR, etc

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16
Q

What comes after the opcode in assembly commands and is where data is stored?

A

Destination

17
Q

What comes after the opcode and where data is stored and reflects where data is coming from?

A

Source

18
Q

What is an example of a full assembly command?

A

MOV EAX, 0, which will move the value of 0 to the destination of EAX

19
Q

What is the code for an unconditional jump and what does it do?

A

JMP, jumps to destination address no matter what

20
Q

What jumps are conditional and based on the status of the Zero flag?

A

JZ, JNZ, JE

21
Q

What jumps are conditional, and based on status of more than one flag that determine if the case is greater than or equal to, or less than or equal to?

A

JLE and JGE

22
Q

What is an is a NOP command?

A

an opcode meaning No-Operation and it simply does nothing. execution simply proceeds to next instruction