ass Flashcards
It is the most beautiful stone medium; used by the Greek sculptors, by Michelangelo in his Pieta, David, etc., by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in his Ecstasy of St. Theresa.
Marble
It is a hard, granular stone suited for bold effects, used for outdoor sculptures.
Granite
It is used in sarcophagi sculptures
Limestone
semi-precious stone. For the Chinese, it is associated with merit, morality, grace and dignity
Jade
It is used as a modelling material.
Clay
It is used in pottery, tiles, statuary and architectural decorations.
Terracotta or Baked Earth
It is creamy white, obtained from tusks of elephants.
Ivory
. It is easy to cut, carved and polished, used in making beautiful furniture, statues of saints, etc.
Wood
. It is a common medium for casting, an alloy of copper, tin and zinc, used for outdoor or public sculptures, used by Auguste Rodin, Henry Moore, etc.
Bronze
These are precious metals used in making jewelry, medals and coins.
Gold and Silver
These are used in making assemblages.
A 20th century medium, acrylic paint has provided artists an alternative to a very expensive oil paint, with quality which is almost the same as oil. It was first picked up by prominent painters such as David Hockney, Helen Frankenthaler and Mark Rothko.
the oldest and still the most popular medium of music. It has six classes. Three for female voice-soprano, mezzo-soprano and alto, and another three for male voice-tenor, baritone and bass.
Human voice
Derived from the Italian word sopra, meaning “above,” it is the highest human vocal range.
Soprano
, it refers to the female singing voice but it also applies to boys, also called boy sopranos.
Soprano
Soprano voice can be classified into:
Lyric soprano
Coloratora sopranoq
where the tone used is lighter;
Lyric soprano
, the tone is more powerful
, which has a very high range, extending higher from the second C above middle C.
Coloratura soprano
n Italian word meaning “half soprano” is a type of classical female singing voice whose vocal range lies between the soprano and the contralto voice types
Mezzo-Soprano.
resonates in a higher range than that of a contralto.
Mezzo-Soprano.
above. It is generally have a heavier, darker tone than sopranos.
Mezzo-Soprano. v
soprano has a warm lower register and an agile high register
The roles they sing often demand not only the use of the lower register but also leaps into the upper tessitura with highly ornamented, rapid passages.
This voice has a very smooth, sensitive and at times lachrymose quality.
sopranos do not have the vocal agility of the coloratura mezzo-soprano or the size of the dramatic mezzo-soprano.is ideal for most trouser roles.
strong medium register, a warm high register and a voice that is broader and more powerful than the lyric and coloratura mezzo-sopranos. This voice has less vocal facility than the coloratura mezzo-soprano.
a type of classical female singing voice whose vocal range is the lowest female voice type.
contralt
falls between tenor and mezzo-soprano; typically between the F below middle C to the second F above middle C , although at the extremes some voices can reach the E below middle C or the second B♭ above middle C (B♭5).
contralto
is lighter than a dramatic contralto but not capable of the ornamentation and leaps of a coloratura contralto. This class of contralto, lighter in timbre than the others, is the most common today and usually ranges from the E below middle C (E3) to the second G above middle C (G5).
the deepest, darkest, and heaviest contralto voice, usually having a heavier tone and more power than the others. Singers in this class are rare.
highest male vocal range
Tenor
It is lower than the alto but higher than the bass. This type of voice is usually used mainly to play the role of a hero in an opera. During the 13th to 16th century, the tenor voice was used for plainsongs.
Tenor
The word tenor came from the Latin word⁰
Tenere
the lowest male voice. The word bass is Italian for
Bass- Basso
Tye of bass that is rich and low voice
baso porfando
TYPE OF BASS THAT IS ALSO KNOWN AS SINGING BASS
basso catante
as “comic bass” is used primarily in opera buffa, meaning a humorous or comical opera
basso buffo
, a voice that ranges between the baritone and bass voice
bass-baritone
the most numerous in the orchestra, is the most versatile and expressive among the bowed string family.
Violin
The soprano of the bowed string family, it has a wide range of tones which can be sustained indefinitely.
Cello
slightly larger than a violin, has thicker strings and heavier bow
Viola
It is the alto violin, and used more often for harmony. It has warm, rich tones.
It is the alto violin, and used more often for harmony. It has warm, rich tones.
. It is held between knees, has thicker and heavier strings than viola, and has shorter and heavier bow.
the tenor-baritone of bowed string family. It has a rich and romantic, deep and full tone.
largest member of bowed string family. It is less agile, has limited range of expression, and is used as support supplying the bass tones for the string choir or orchestra.
They are played by blowing air through the mouthpiece and opening and closing the holes with the finger. Pitch of the notes are altered by shortening or lengthening the column of air the vibrating inside the instruments.
silvery, haunting or liquid sound. It is very agile and can play rapid, brilliant scale passages. It produces mellow and ethereal sound in its lower register, while thinner, brilliant sound in its upper register. It has a breathy quality.
small flute, constructed like a flute. It produces shrill and piercing tones especially in its upper range. It is an octave above the flute and the coloratura soprano of the woodwind family.
has bell-shaped end. It is good in expressive solos, and has a reedy and penetrating sound.
large oboe, it has bulge in its bell, and has slightly lower range and soft, mournful timbre.
most versatile among woodwinds. It has a very wide range capable of great expression. It takes the part of the violin in a band.
woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor clefs, and occasionally the treble.
and a larger version of the bassoon, and an octave
lower.
and a larger version of the bassoon, and an octave
lower.
ending in a flared bell, that produces tones by the vibrations of the player’s lips against a usually cup-shaped
often associated with martial songs and battle calls.
large trumpet which can be a tenor or a bass. Its tone is rich and mellow.
It gives out an effect of nobility and grandeur.
is larger than the trumpet with a shorter body and possesses greater agility. The tone is rounder but less brilliant than the trumpet.
simply horn, is shaped like a long metal tube with one wide end, wound round in a circle.
is the bass of the brass choir. Its tone is like that of the bass trombone but is fuller, richer, and more powerful.
are sounded by striking, rubbing, shaking, plucking, and scraping. It may be grouped into percussion instruments with definite pitch and percussion instruments with indefinite pitch. It may also be classified into idiophones (own substance vibrates to produce sound such as bells, clappers, rattles) and membranophones (stretched membrane vibrates such as drums).
hemispherical copper shell with a stretched calfskin held in place by a metal ring. It is played with two padded sticks and produces a sound of mysterious rumble to a thunderous roll.
, like the double bass, is the biggest member of the percussion family and therefore makes the lowest sounds. The bass drum is built like a very large snare drum, although without the snare; it is also an untuned instrument. You play the bass drum by hitting either drumhead with sticks that have large soft heads, often covered with sheepskin or felt. It
smallest drum in the orchestra.
also known as the tamtam, is a very large metal plate that hangs suspended from a metal pipe. It looks similar to a cymbal and is also untuned, but is much larger and has a raised center. To play it, you hit the center with a soft mallet. Depending on
Mexico. They are rattles, often made from gourds (a kind of squash), filled with dried seeds, beads or even tiny ball bearings that make them rattle. Maracas can also be made of wood or plastic; the sound they make depends on what they’re made of. To play them, you hold them in your hands and shake.
the biggest noisemakers of the orchestra. They are two large metal discs, usually made of spun bronze. Cymbals, which are untuned, come in a range of sizes, from quite small to very large. The larger the cymbal, the lower the sound they make. Cymbals can be used for drama and excitement, to accent the rhythm or create delicate sound effects. You can play the cymbals either by hitting one cymbal against the other, or you can use sticks, mallets or brushes to hit one or both cymbals.
a small drum with metal jingles set into the edges. Both the drumhead and the jingles are untuned. To play it, you hold it in one hand and tap, shake or hit it, usually against your other hand.
fun wooden instruments that come from Spain and are used to punctuate the music with a distinctive clickety-clack. These are made of two pieces of wood tied together. To play them, you hold them with your fingers and click the two pieces of wood together. In the orchestra, castanets are sometimes mounted on a piece of wood, and the percussionist plays them by hitting them with his/her hands.
consists of a series of horizontal tuned metal plates. The player strikes these with mallets producing bright metallic sounds.
made of tuned blocks of wood which produces a dry, crisp timbre when struck.
are metal tubes of different lengths that are hung from a metal frame. When you strike the tubes with a mallet, they sound like the ringing bells of a church. Each chime sounds a different pitch.
a percussion instrument consisting of a set of wooden bars struck with yarn or rubber mallets to produce musical tones. Resonators or pipes suspended underneath the bars amplify their sound.
it. There are many sizes of triangles and each one sounds a different pitch. You play the triangle by holding it on a string and striking it with a metal beater. The size and thickness of the beater can change the sound the triangle makes.
a small metal bar that’s bent into the shape of a triangle and makes a ringing sound when you hit it. There are many sizes of triangles and each one sounds a different pitch. You play the triang
instruments produce sounds by pressing a series of keys, push buttons, or parallel levers. In most cases, the keys correspond to consecutive notes in the chromatic scale, and they run from the bass at the left to the treble at the right. Examples of these include the piano, organ, celesta, harpsichord, harmonium, accordion, and others.
a physical property of a wind instrument. Its sound is made by air forced by mechanical means through pipes. The term comes from a Greek word organon, meaning instrument or tool.
is like a miniature piano. It is sounded when the steel plates are struck by a small hammer producing bell-like tones.
is produced by plucking their strings. The plucking mechanism, called jack, rests on the key.
stringed keyboard instrument, developed from the medieval monochord. It is usually rectangular in shape, and its case and lid were usually highly decorated, painted, and inlaid.
