Asparric Acid and Glumatic Acid Flashcards
the side chains are negatively charged at neutral pH
aspartic acid and glumatic acid
The side of _____ and ____ are positively charged at or near neutral pH
lysine and arginine
the side chain amino group is attached to an aliphatic hydrocarbon tail
Lysine
the side-chain basic group, the guanidino group, is more complex in structure than the amino group, but it is also bonded to an aliphatic hydrocarbon tail .
Arginine
free histidine, the pKa of the side-chain imidazole group is ___, which is not far from physiological pH.
6.0
found in the protonated or unprotonated forms in proteins
Histidine
properties of many proteins depend on whether individual histidine residues are ____ or not
changed
charged amino acids are often found in the ____ site of enzymes.
active
have aromatic rings in their side chains
Phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine
Phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine
allow us to locate and measure proteins ➡️ _____________
the aromatic rings absorb strongly at 280 mn and can be detected using a spectrophotometer
Phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine
Very important physiologically➡️ ______________
are both key precursors to neutrotransmitters
tryptophan is converted to ______ (5-HT) - - has calming effect
serotonin
very low level of serotonin= _______
associated with depression
extremely high levels =__________
produce a manic state
Manic-depressive schizophrenia (bipolar disorder) can be managed by controlling the levels of _______ and it’s further metabolites
serotonin
derived from phenylalanine
Tyrosine
converted to catecholamines
epinephrine (adrenaline)
L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa)
is an intermediate in the conversion of tyrosine.
•lower than normal levels of L-dopa are involved in Parkinson’s disease.
Tyrosine and phenylalanine
precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine- stimulatory
Epinephrine
“flight or fight” hormone
It causes the release of glucose and other nutrients into the blood and stimulates brain function
some effects:
•phe-headaches (aspartame)
• try- morning lift
• tyrp- sleep
produced by modification of the parent amino acid after the protein is synthesized by the organism (post-translational modification)
example: hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine ➡️ found only in a few connective tissue proteins (collagen)
Uncommon aa
differs from tyrosine ➡️ extra iodine-containing aromatic group on the side chain
Thyroxine
Thyroxine is found only in the _____ gland
thyroid
Thyroxine is formed by ______ modification of tyrosine residues-thyroglobulin
post-translational
Thyroxine is released as a hormone by ________ of thyroglobulin
proteolysis
