ASO4

Question 1

who wrote africa, when?

Answer 1

Band- Toto
written by David Paich and Jeff Porcaro
recorded in 1981, released in 1982

Question 2

form and structure of africa

Answer 2

Verse-chorus structure, including link sections and an instrumental

Question 3

instrumentation- africa

Answer 3

drum kit w/ additional percussion, lead and bass guitars, 12 string acoustic guitar, synthesisers, recorder, male vocals.

Question 4

rhythm in africa

Answer 4

2/2
ostinato patterns consisting of quavers and triplets
syncopation

Question 5

Tonality in africa

Answer 5

verses- B major
chorus- A major
intro, links and outro- A major (lydian)
instrumental- B major

Question 6

melody in africa

Answer 6

mainly conjunct, wide vocal range, lyrics are mainly syllabic.

Question 7

describe the intro

Answer 7

based on two ostinatos, riff a and b
riff a= chordal idea
riff b= quaver idea using parallel motion

Question 8

describe verse 1

Answer 8

off beat entry, fairly low pitch, ends with riff a

Question 9

describe chorus one

Answer 9

word setting= mostly syllabic
melismatic on the word had

Question 10

describe link 1

Answer 10

riff a followed by riff b

Question 11

describe the instrumental

Answer 11

based on verse 1, melodic content of riff b, use of triplets, rests and grace notes

Question 12

describe chorus 3

Answer 12

repeats chorus 1 but adding in a short guitar motif at end of each phrase, and vocal improv by lead singer

Question 13

describe the harmony of africa

Answer 13

diatonic, opening chord pattern = A G#m, C#m

Question 14

what bar are the inversions in africa

Answer 14

2nd inversion- bar 8, 17, 26, 9, 18, 27

1st inversion- bar 57

Question 15

what are the chords in the verses

Answer 15

F#m D A E
F#m D A C# E
F#m E

Question 16

what are the chords in the verses

Answer 16

B D#m G#m B A F# G#m
A G#m C#m
B d#m G#m
A G#m C#m