ASL Interpreting Test 1 Flashcards
What happened in 100 AD?
A Roman philosopher documented paid (professional) interpreters.
What happened from 150-400 AD?
Roman Empire armies were required to bring interpreters when they went a conquering.
What Happened from 50-1500 AD?
Bible translations appear from Aramaic to Greek, to Latin, German and Old English.
What happened from 1919-1946?
After WWI, the League of Nations was formed from different European and Asian Countries
What happened in 1945?
The UN was created after WWII; political peace keeping and quasi governmental organization; simultaneous interpreting was substandard until 1971
What happened from 1945-1949?
Nuremberg Trials- modern conference interpreting was born
What happened in 1964?
Workshop on Interpreting for the Deaf June 14-17 at Ball State College, Indiana. The RID (Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf) was organized.
What happened in 1965?
California State University, Northridge created first interpreter training program (ITP)
What happened in 1966?
The National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) created an interpreter training program
What happened in 1969?
Saint Paul Technical Vocational School and NYU form interpreter training program
1972?
RID conducts first certification exams
Ongoing?
Title IV: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): Title IV does not mandate but regulates and allows for reimbursement of video relay services; FCC reports that VRS calls average two million minutes per month (2006)
1975?
Education of All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142) Requires all disabled children to be educated in “the least restrictive environment,” begins widespread mainstreaming of Deaf children.
1977?
Bilingual, Hearing and Speech Impaired Court Interpreter Act: Federal Courts must appoint and pay for interpreters for Deaf persons in Federal Criminal and/or civil actions initiated by the government.
1990?
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Reaffirmed PL 94-142, sustained needs for interpreters in main-streamed classrooms.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Expands Section 504’s powers; businesses with 15 or more employees must make “reasonable accommodations”, law says interpreters should “interpret effectively, accurately, and impartially…”
1998?
Telecommunications Accessibility Enhancement Act (TAEA): Federal government must provide relay calls to, from and within itself
What is Translation?
transferring meaning between languages in written or recorded texts. Can use reference materials to prepare, can edit and correct work until satisfied with outcome.
What is Interpreting?
Translating languages in real time between people or groups of people. No time to change or tweak things.
Discourse
language used in a particular context or interaction. Meaning filtered through personal experience, knowledge, attitudes, expectations, cultural factors. Differences in cultural background, gender, age of participants in a situation compounds the potential for different understandings of a message.
contextual factors of interpreting?
setting, purpose, participants, language code, audience adjustment, culture
CLAPPS
Setting?
Physical time and place of interaction. Can influence register.
Purpose?
why people are together. Influences topic, mood, feeling, turn-taking. Specific communication purpose(s)
Participants?
The way people talk reflects their ethnicity, gender, social class, education level, age, region, personality, role, status. Shows who the leader is, if the discussion is closed, etc.
Language Code
The particular language or dialect used and the modality of language: bilingual intermediary, unsure communication through an interpreter
