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ASI Flashcards

1
Q

Which training system would you choose if you are in an arid region without the possibility of irrigation? Why?

A

Gobelet (Head training) with three main reasons:

  1. Without any wires and trellis systems, growers are able to cross cultivate the rows of their vineyards, allowing for additional benefits to soil health and moisture.
  2. Head training limits the growth of the vine. By keeping the vine smaller, it uses less water, naturally creates a more balanced vine, and is more amenable to dry farming. However, the smaller vine does restrict the vine to a smaller crop load, which must be taken into account.
  3. Setting up a head trained vineyard is less expensive then setting up a wire-trellised vineyard, as there is lesser infrastructure.
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2
Q

What does “kvevri” mean?

A

Kvevri (translation: that which is buried) are large earthenware vessels used for the fermentation, storage and ageing of traditional Georgian wine.

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3
Q

You have two semi dry wines with the identical values of alcohol, residual sugar, acidity and SO2. Wine number one has been produced by stopped fermentation, wine number two has been produced by added must concentrate. Which wine gives a sweeter impression and why?

A

The wine with added must concentrate would give a sweeter impression as must concentrate is quite viscous and therefore will make the wine appear sweeter than the wine made by stopped fermentation.

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4
Q

What types of soil make the terroir in the vineyards of Luxemburg?

A

Shell limestone (Canton Grevenmacher) and keuper with marl clay (Canton Remich)

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5
Q

For Madeira, what is the difference between a Colheita and a Frasqueira?

A

Colheita: Colheita Madeira is produced from a single vintage (85% minimum required) and is aged for a minimum 5 years prior to bottling. It may be a blend or a single varietal wine. Colheita offers the consumer ‘vintage’ Madeira without the extended cask aging, complexity, or cost of a true Vintage Madeira, or Frasqueira.

Frasqueira or Garrafeira: Vintage Madeira aged for a minimum 20 years in cask. Frasqueira, like Colheita, may be produced from a single varietal or a blend. Since only a minimum 85% of the vintage is required, these wines are topped up with younger wines throughout the aging process. Vintage wines are produced by the Canteiro method and may be aged for additional time—sometimes decades—in glass demijohns after the period of cask aging. Frasqueira is the epitome of Madeira, and one of the world’s legendary and long-lived wines.

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6
Q

In which country is Chateau des Brumes?

A

Thailand

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7
Q

In which country is Chateau Indage?

A

India

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8
Q

In which country is Shandong Taila Winery?

A

China

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9
Q

In which country is Mioli winery?

A

Brazil

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10
Q

In which country is Mars winery?

A

Japan

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11
Q

In which country is J. Hofstätter winery?

A

Italy

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12
Q

In which country is Hatten Wines?

A

Bali (Indonesia)

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13
Q

In which country is Casa de Vinuri Cotnari?

A

Romania

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14
Q

In which country is Muga winery?

A

Spain

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15
Q

In which country is Cloudy Bay winery?

A

New Zealand

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16
Q

What is the lone appellation of Nova Scotia?

A

Tidal Bay

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17
Q

Please name the villages which are allowed to produce grapes for Commandaria on the island of Cyprus. Please respect the alphabetical order.

A
  1. Agios Georgios
  2. Agios Konstantinos
  3. Agios Mama
  4. Agios Pavlos
  5. Apsiou
  6. Doros
  7. Gerasa
  8. Kalo Chorio
  9. Kapilio
  10. Laneia
  11. Louvaras
  12. Monagri
  13. Silikou
  14. Zoopigi
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18
Q

In which country is the region of Drama?

A

Greece

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19
Q

In which country is the region of Primorska?

A

Slovenia

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20
Q

In which country is the region of Cinti?

A

Bolivia

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21
Q

In which country is the region of Trasimeno?

A

Italy

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22
Q

In which country is the region of Serra Gaucha?

A

Brazil

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23
Q

In which country is the region of Istra?

A

Croatia

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24
Q

In which country is the region of Posavje?

A

Slovenia

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25
Q

In which country is the region of Merida?

A

Mexico

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26
Q

In which country is the region of Azuay?

A

Ecuador

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27
Q

In which country is the region of Monterey?

A

USA

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28
Q

In which country is the region of Montevideo?

A

Uruguay

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29
Q

Quote the AOP Crus starting with the letter C of the right bank of the Northern Rhône Valley (from north to south)

A 
Cote-Rotie
Condrieu
Chateau Grillet
Cotes du Rhone
Cornas
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30
Q

Put the four viticulture appellations of Portugal in respect of their geographic situation from north to south of the country: Lagoa, Dão, Porto, Alentejo.

A

Porto
Dao
Alentejo
Lagoa

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31
Q

Wines from the Appellation “Champagne” have to be matured and commercialised in the same bottle in which it has made the second fermentation to create the bubbles. Which formats are exception to this rule?

A

Bottles that are smaller than 375ml or larger than 3l

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32
Q

Name a synonym of the grape variety Tannat in each of the following countries:

  • France
  • Spain
  • Uruguay
A

France - Moustrou

Spain - Bordeleza Beltza

Uruguay - Harriague

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33
Q

Which are the two authorised grape varieties in the DOP Goumenissa?

A
  1. Xinomavro

2. Negoska

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34
Q 
Connect the following personalities with the wineries: Diamond Creek, Beaulieu Vineyards, Ridge Vineyards, Spottswoode, Eyrie Vineyards, Marcassin, Inglenook, Charles Krug
David Lett
André Tchelistcheff
Gustav Niebaum
Cesare Mondavi
Dave Bennion
Helen Turley
Al Brounstein
Mary Weber Novak
A

David Lett - Eyrie Vineyards

Andre Tchelistcheff - Beaulieu Vineyards

Gustav Niebaum - Inglenook

Cesare Mondavi - Charles Krug

Dave Bennion - Ridge Vineyards

Helen Turley - Marcassin

Al Brounstein - Diamond Creek Vineyards

Mary Weber Novak - Spottswoode

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35
Q

Which winery produces wines in Salta on 3111m above sea level?

A

Colome

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36
Q

Kavalan whiskey is produced in which country?

A

Taiwan

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37
Q

Cutty Sark Imperial Kingdom produces whiskey in which country?

A

Scotland

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38
Q

Kirin Mt. Fuji 18 years old whiskey is produced in which country?

A

Japan

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39
Q

Adelphi whiskey is produced in which country?

A

Scotland

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40
Q

Glenfarclas whiskey is produced in which country?

A

Scotland

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41
Q

Hennessy NA-GEANNA whiskey is produced in which country?

A

Ireland

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42
Q

Lagavulin whiskey is produced in which country?

A

Scotland

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43
Q

Bekesi Single Barrel whiskey is produced in which country?

A

Hungary

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44
Q

Golden Blue Busan whiskey is produced in which country?

A

South Korea

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45
Q

Original Rye Whisky J.H. Haider

A

Austria

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46
Q

Which famous Bordeaux winemaker died on December 11, 2018 and which Californian winemaker left us on march 2, 2019 aged 94?

A

Patrick Leon (former Opus One, Mouton Rothschild)

John Shafer (Shafner)

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47
Q

What is the meaning of the Japanese expressions Nihonshu and Seishu?

A

Nihonshu - Japanese wine

Seishu - Clear sake/sake

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48
Q

What is the Latin name for Robusta coffee?

A

Coffea canephora

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49
Q

When will the Vinexpo Bordeaux 2021 take place?

A

First week of June 2021

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50
Q

Staropramen beer is produced in which country?

A

Czech Republic

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51
Q

Mort Subite Xtreme Kick beer is produced in which country?

A

Belgium

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52
Q

Brooklyn East IPA beer is produced in which country?

A

USA

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53
Q

Mahou Cerveza Especial beer is produced in which country?

A

Spain

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54
Q

Lapin Culta beer is produced in which country?

A

Finland

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55
Q

Stein Bratislawa beer is produced in which country?

A

Slovakia

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56
Q

Wojak beer is produced in which country?

A

Poland

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57
Q

Red Stripe beer is produced in which country?

A

Jamaica

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58
Q

Quilmes beer is produced in which country?

A

Argentina

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59
Q

Xingu Black beer is produced in which country?

A

Brazil

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60
Q

Corona Extra beer is produced in which country?

A

Mexico

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61
Q

Karlovacko beer is produced in which country?

A

Croatia

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62
Q

Angkor beer is produced in which country?

A

Cambodia

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63
Q

Belhaven McCallum Stout beer is produced in which country?

A

Scotland

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64
Q

In Belgium there are Trappist beers and Abbey Beers. Indicate for each of the beers below if it is a Trappist beer or an Abbey beer

Affligem
Chimay
Orval
Bornem
Ename
Floreffe
Westvleteren
Grimbergen
St. Feuillien
Steenbrugge
Rochefort
Westmalle
A 
Affligem - Abbey
Chimay - Trappist
Orval - Trappist
Bornem - Abbey
Ename - Abbey
Floreffe - Abbey
Westvleteren - Trappist
Grimbergen - Abbey
St. Feuillien - Abbey
Steenbrugge - Abbey
Rochefort - Trappist
Westmalle - Trappist
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65
Q

What kind of cigar format is Hoyo de Monterey Epicure No. 2?

A

Parejo, Robusto

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66
Q

What kind of cigar format is Montecristo No. 2?

A

Figurado, Piramide

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67
Q

What kind of cigar format is Cohiba Siglo III?

A

Parejo, Corona Grande

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68
Q

What kind of cigar format is Romeo y Julieta Culebras?

A

Figurado, Culebra

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69
Q

What kind of cigar format is Partagas Lusitanias?

A

Parejo, Prominente (Double Corona)

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70
Q

Rigas Melnais balzams is produced in which country?

A

Latvia

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71
Q

Hierbas Tunel is produced in which country?

A

Spain

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72
Q

Domaine Ain Lorma is produced in which country?

A

Morocco

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73
Q

Sljivovica Badel is produced in which country?

A

Croatia

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74
Q

Dveri Pax Janze is produced in which country?

A

Slovenia

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75
Q

Stonewine, Minis DOC Furmint is produced in which country?

A

Romania

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76
Q

Tatratea Original Tea Liquor is produced in which country?

A

Slovakia

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77
Q

Vana Tallinn Liköör is produced in which country?

A

Estonia

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78
Q

Debowa Vodka Crystal Oak is produced in which country?

A

Poland

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79
Q

Salmari Premium Lakritz Liquoris produced in which country?

A

Finland

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80
Q

Nemiroff Birch Vodka is produced in which country?

A

Ukraine

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81
Q

Fru Lysholm Aquavit is produced in which country?

A

Norway

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82
Q

Norkap Akvavit is produced in which country?

A

Denmark

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83
Q

Brothers Vilgalys Krupnikas is produced in which country?

A

Lithuania

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84
Q

Skenderbeu Cognac is produced in which country?

A

Albania

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85
Q

Gold of Mauritius Dark Rum is produced in which country?

A

Mauritius

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86
Q

Brennivin/Black Death is produced in which country?

A

Iceland

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87
Q

De Kuyper Bessen Genver is produced in which country?

A

Netherlands

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88
Q

Beluga Noble is produced in which country?

A

Russia

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89
Q

Tanduay Rhum is produced in which country?

A

Philippines

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90
Q

Atlantico Gran Reserva Rum is produced in which country?

A

Dominican Republic

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91
Q

Mackmyra ‘Mack’ Single Malt Whisky is produced in which country?

A

Sweden

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92
Q

Di Loza is produced in which country?

A

Montenegro

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93
Q

Aperol is produced in which country?

A

Italy

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94
Q

How does sparkling wine get carbonated?

A

Through second fermentation. The first fermentation creates the base wine and in the second one, sugar and yeast get added to the base wine (liqueur de tirage). The yeasts convert the sugars to carbon dioxide which has to be trapped (either in bottles or in pressurised tanks) and creates the carbonated effect in the wine.

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95
Q

What does ‘Recioto’ mean? Where is it situated?

A

A sweet style of wine from Veneto (Gambellara, Soave or Valpolicella), Italy

Grapes are harvested and then kept in temperature controlled drying rooms for the grapes to be ‘raisined’ before the wine can be made.

Main grape varieties are Corvina (Valpolicella) and Garganega (Gambellara and Soave)

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96
Q

What are the Crus Classé de Graves for White Wine in the classification of 1959?

A
  1. Château Bouscaut (Cadaujac)
  2. Château Carbonnieux (Léognan)
  3. Domaine de Chevalier (Léognan)
  4. Château Couhins (Villenave d’Ornon)
  5. Château Couhins-Lurton (Villenave d’Ornon)
  6. Château Latour-Martillac (Martillac)
  7. Château Malartic-Lagravière (Léognan)
  8. Château Laville-Haut-Brion (Talence)
  9. Château Olivier (Léognan)
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97
Q

In which region is Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG?

A

Basilicata

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98
Q

In which region is Romagna Albana DOCG?

A

Emilia-Romagna

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99
Q

In which region is Cannellino di Frascati DOCG?

A

Lazio

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100
Q

In which region is Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG?

A

Puglia

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101
Q

In which region is Colli di Conegliano DOCG?

A

Veneto

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102
Q

In which region is Greco di Tufo DOCG?

A

Campania

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103
Q

In which region is Lison Pramaggiore DOC?

A

Veneto / Friuli-Venezia-Giulia

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104
Q

In which region is Val di Cornia DOC?

A

Toscana

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105
Q

In which country is the region of Eger?

A

Hungary

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106
Q

In which country is the region of Maribor?

A

Slovenia

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107
Q

In which country is the region of Nicoreşti?

A

Romania

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108
Q

In which country is the region of Nitra (Nitriansky)?

A

Slovakia

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109
Q

In which country is the region of Plešivica?

A

Croatia

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110
Q

In which country is the region of Pleven?

A

Bulgaria

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111
Q

In which country is the region of Podluží?

A

Czech Republic

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112
Q

Name the wards of Paarl:

A
  1. Agter-Paarl
  2. Simonsberg-Paarl
  3. Voor-Paardeberg
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113
Q

In which AVA is Beringer Bancroft Ranch Merlot?

A

Howell Mountain, Napa

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114
Q

In which AVA is Flowers Chardonnay?

A

Sonoma Coast, Sonoma

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115
Q

In which AVA is Melville Estate Syrah?

A

Santa Rita Hills, Santa Barbara

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116
Q

In which AVA is Navarro Gewurztraminer?

A

Anderson Valley, Mendocino

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117
Q

In which AVA is Ojai Bien Nacido Pinot Noir?

A

Santa Maria Valley, Santa Barbara/San Luis Obispo

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118
Q

In which AVA is Peter Michael Les Pavots?

A

Knights Valley, Sonoma

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119
Q

In which AVA is Philip Togni Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Napa Valley

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120
Q

In which AVA is Ridge Monte Bello?

A

Santa Cruz Mountains

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121
Q

In which AVA is Rochioli West Block Pinot Noir?

A

Russian River Valley, Sonoma

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122
Q

In which AVA is Shafer Hillside Select?

A

Stags Leap District

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123
Q

In which country will you find coffee called AA?

A

Kenya

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124
Q

In which country will you find coffee called Altura Kassandra Estate?

A

Mexico

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125
Q

In which country will you find coffee called Blue Mountain?

A

Jamaica

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126
Q

In which country will you find coffee called Celebes Kalossi?

A

Indonesia

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127
Q

In which country will you find coffee called Cerrado?

A

Brazil

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128
Q

In which country will you find coffee called Cerro?

A

El Salvador

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129
Q

In which country will you find coffee called Kona?

A

USA (Hawaii)

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130
Q

In which country will you find coffee called Mandheling?

A

Indonesia

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131
Q

In which country will you find coffee called Peaberry?

A

Tanzania

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132
Q

In which country will you find coffee called Yirgacheffe?

A

Ethiopia

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133
Q

Name famous vintages and artists for Mouton Rothschild:

A 
1945 Philippe Jullian
1958 Salvador Dali
1973 Pablo Picasso
1975 Andy Warhol
1977 Tribute to Queen Mum
1982 John Huston
1990 Francis Bacon
2000 The Augsburg Ram
2003 150th tribute for Baron Nathaniel de Rothschild
2004 Prince Charles
2010 Jeff Koons
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134
Q

Brau AG beer is produced in which country?

A

Austria

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135
Q

Becks beer is produced in which country?

A

Germany

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136
Q

Akershus beer is produced in which country?

A

Norway

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137
Q

Albani beer is produced in which country?

A

Denmark

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138
Q

Koff beer is produced in which country?

A

Finland

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139
Q

Pripps beer is produced in which country?

A

Sweden

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140
Q

Alfa beer is produced in which country?

A

Greece

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141
Q

Adnams beer is produced in which country?

A

England

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142
Q

Sapporo beer is produced in which country?

A

Japan

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143
Q

Aberlour whisky is produced in which region?

A

Speyside

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144
Q

Ardbeg whisky is produced in which region?

A

Islay

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145
Q

Bruichladdich whisky is produced in which region?

A

Islay

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146
Q

Cragganmore whisky is produced in which region?

A

Speyside

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147
Q

Dalwhinnie whisky is produced in which region?

A

Highland

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148
Q

Isle of Jura whisky is produced in which region?

A

Jura

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149
Q

The Glenlivet whisky is produced in which region?

A

Speyside

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150
Q

Auchentoshan whisky is produced in which region?

A

Lowland

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151
Q

Ramlösa water is produced in which country?

A

Sweden

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152
Q

Voss water is produced in which country?

A

Norway

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153
Q

Tau water is produced in which country?

A

Wales

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154
Q

Bru water is produced in which country?

A

Belgium

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155
Q

Serra de Estrela water is produced in which country?

A

Portugal

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156
Q

Alpenrose water is produced in which country?

A

Switzerland

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157
Q

Aquapax water is produced in which country?

A

Germany

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158
Q

Balfi water is produced in which country?

A

Hungary

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159
Q

Brohler water is produced in which country?

A

Germany

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160
Q

Krynczanka water is produced in which country?

A

Poland

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161
Q

Malvern water is produced in which country?

A

England

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162
Q

Montes water is produced in which country?

A

Austria

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163
Q

Pedras Salgadas water is produced in which country?

A

Portugal

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164
Q

Podebradka water is produced in which country?

A

Czech Republic

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165
Q

How many litres are in a Barrique?

A

225l

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166
Q

How many litres are in a Burgundy Feuillette?

A

114l

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167
Q

How many litres are in a Chablis Feuillette?

A

132l

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168
Q

How many litres are in a Fuder?

A

1000l

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169
Q

How many litres are in a Halbfüder?

A

500l

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170
Q

Where would you find a Fuder cask?

A

Mosel

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171
Q

How many litres are in a Halbstück?

A

600l

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172
Q

How many litres are in a Hogshead?

A

300l

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173
Q

How many litres are in a Stück?

A

1200l

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174
Q

How many litres are in a Tonneau?

A

900l (no longer used)

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175
Q

How many litres are in a Piece?

A

228l

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176
Q

Where would find a Piece cask?

A

Burgundy

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177
Q

How many litres are in a Quartaut?

A

57l

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178
Q

Where would you find a Quartaut?

A

Cote d’Or

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179
Q

How many litres are in a Cognac Cask?

A

350l (modern)

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180
Q

How many litres are in a Armagnac Piece?

A

400-420l

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181
Q

How many litres are in a Champagne Barrel?

A

205l

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182
Q

How many litres are in a Southern Rhone Demi Mud?

A

600l

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183
Q

Where would you find a Stück?

A

Rheingau

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184
Q

How many litres are in a Jerez Butt?

A

600-650l

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185
Q

How many litres are in a Jerez Bota Chica?

A

500l

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186
Q

How do you call a shipping cask in Jerez?

A

Bota Chica

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187
Q

How many litres are in a Douro Pipe?

A

550-630l

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188
Q

How many litres are in a Douro shipping Pipe?

A

534,24l

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189
Q

How many litres are in a Madeira Pipe?

A

418l

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190
Q

How many litres are in a Marsala Pipe?

A

423l

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191
Q

How many litres are in a Vin Santo Caratelli?

A

50-225l

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192
Q

How many litres are in a Italian Tonneau?

A

550l

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193
Q

How many litres are in a Tokaji Gönc?

A

Approximately 136l

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194
Q

How many litres are in a Whiskey Barrell?

A

190l

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195
Q

How many litres are in a Puncheon?

A

450-500l

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196
Q

What type of climate is in Cyprus?

A

Mediterranean

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197
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Tokaji?

A
  • Dry White

- Sweet White

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198
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Tokaji Eszencia?

A

450 g/l

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199
Q

What is pezsgó?

A

Hungarian sparkling wines made in the traditional method.

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200
Q

How do you call Hungarian sparkling wines made with the traditional method?

A

Pezsgo

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201
Q

Tokaji’s Cladosporium cellare is what type of organism?

A

Mould

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202
Q

How do you call the mould that grows in Tokajis wine cellars?

A

Cladosporium cellare

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203
Q

Kartli and Kakheti are the two most important wine growing regions in which country?

A

Georgia

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204
Q

What are two most important wine growing regions in Georgia?

A
  • Kartli

- Kakheti

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205
Q

What is the minimum barrel ageing requirement in months for Tokaji Aszú?

A

18 months

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206
Q

What is the principle red grape variety of Sopron?

A

Kekfrankos

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207
Q

Tokaj is located at the confluence of which two rivers?

A
  • Bodrog

- Tisza

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208
Q

What is the term for the expansive flatland cradled between the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains?

A

Pannonian Plain

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209
Q

Obaideh and Merwah are indigenous grape varieties used to produce which wine?

A

Chateau Musar Blanc

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210
Q

What does the Romanian DOC definition ‘DOC-CIB’ mean?

A

Botrytis affected grapes

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211
Q

What does the Romanian DOC definition ‘DOC-CMD’?

A

Grapes harvested at full maturity

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212
Q

What does the Romanian DOC definition ‘DOC-CT’?

A

Late harvested grapes

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213
Q

Botrytis affected grapes are how defined in Romanian DOC?

A

DOC-CIB

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214
Q

Harvest at full maturity grapes are how defined in Romanian DOC?

A

DOC-CMD

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215
Q

Late harvested grapes are how defined in Romanian DOC?

A

DOC-CT

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216
Q

The Czech Republic uses a legal ripeness system similar to which country?

A

Germany

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217
Q

In which OEM (PDO) will you find Tokaj?

A

Észak Magyarország (North Hungary)

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218
Q

In which PDO will you find Kunság?

A

Duna (Danube)

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219
Q

In which PDO will you find Szekszárd?

A

Dunántúl (Transdanubia)

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220
Q

Khvanchkara and Kindzmarauli are historic red wines produced in which country?

A

Georgia

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221
Q

Name two historic red wines produced in Georgia:

A
  • Khvanchkara

- Kindzmarauli

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222
Q

Name three grapes grown in Macedonia:

A
  • Vranec
  • Plavac
  • Kratošija
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223
Q

Name three Turkish red wine grape varieties:

A
  1. Ökügözü
  2. Boğazkere
  3. Kalecik Karası
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224
Q

Name three wine regions of Serbia?

A
  • Timok
  • Srem
  • Šumadija-Great Morava
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225
Q

A Karas is a clay amphora used for traditional wine aging in which country?

A

Armenia

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226
Q

How do you call a clay amphora used for traditional wine in Armenia?

A

Karas

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227
Q

Mézes Mály is a Great First Growth vineyard located in which village of Tokaj?

A

Tarcal

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228
Q

Name a great first growth vineyard in Tarcal, Tokaj:

A

Mézes Mály

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229
Q

Define ‘Szamorodni’ in Hungarian wine making:

A

A mixture of aszu and non aszu grapes

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230
Q

Define ‘Máslás’ in Hungarian wine making:

A

Re-fermenting with spent lees

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231
Q

What is the term for re-fermenting with spent lees in Hungary?

A

Máslás

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232
Q

Define ‘Forditas’ in Hungarian wine making:

A

Re-fermenting with pressed paste

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233
Q

What is the term for re-fermenting with pressed paste in Hungary?

A

Forditas

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234
Q

What does “barik” indicate on a Bulgarian bottle?

A

A wine whose fermentation occurred in oak casks of 500l or less in volume

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235
Q

Name a important wine growing appellation in Czech Republic:

A
  • Znojmo VOC
  • Mikulov VOC
  • Blatnice VOC
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236
Q

Cotnari, Huşi, and Coteşti are all DOC zones located in what region?

A

Dealurilor Moldovei (Hill of Moldovia)

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237
Q

Name a important wine growing appellation in Romanians Dealurilor Moldovei (Hill of Moldovia):

A
  • Cotnari
  • Coteşti
  • Huşi

Others:

  • Bohotin
  • Dealu Bujorului
  • Iana
  • Nicoreşti
  • Odobeşti
  • Panciu
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238
Q

Massandra is a historic producer located in which wine producing region?

A

Krim, Ukraine

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239
Q

What regions of Hungary can legally produce Bikavér?

A
  • Eger

- Szekszárd

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240
Q

Which acid is most common in Vitis vinifera grapes?

A

Tartaric acid

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241
Q

Define Sélection massale:

A

A field selection, in which bud-wood is taken from a number of vines in the vineyard, rather than from a single clone. A grower will attempt to reinforce positive traits and eliminate negative traits through appropriate selection - a broader genetic diversity is maintained.

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242
Q

What is a purpose of Reverse Osmosis?

A

Adjust alcohol levels after fermentation

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243
Q

What is the French term for pumping over the cap?

A

Remontage

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244
Q

Who is the father of biodynamics?

A

Dr. Rudolf Steiner

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245
Q

Peronospera is a synonym for what?

A

Downy Mildew

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246
Q

Downy Mildew is a synonym for what?

A

Peronospera

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247
Q

With what can you control the pest called ‘Downy Mildew’?

A

Bordeaux Mixture

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248
Q

What is in the Bordeaux Mixture?

A
  • Copper sulfate
  • Lime
  • Water
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249
Q

What is the French term for racking?

A

Soutirage

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250
Q

What is remontage?

A

A form of cap management in which liquid is pumped from the bottom of the tank over the top of the tank to mix the tank and wet the cap.

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251
Q

What is soutirage?

A

Racking - Wine is decanted off of the solids (lees), often using a pump, to clarify the wine naturally

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252
Q

In which stage of the vine life cycle would hail be most destructive?

A

Flowering

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253
Q

What clarification process, frequently used in white wines, removes tartrate crystals prior to bottling?

A

Cold stabilisation

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254
Q

What type of system is Lyre?

A

Spur pruning and cordon training

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255
Q

What type of system is Cordon de Royat?

A

Spur pruning and cordon training

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256
Q

What type of system is Geneva system?

A

Spur pruning and cordon training

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257
Q

Name an example of spur pruning and cordon training system:

A
  • Lyre
  • Cordon de Royat
  • Geneva
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258
Q

Which compound is a byproduct of malolactic fermentation and lends a buttery aroma to wines?

A

Diacetyl

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259
Q

What does the compound Diacetyl give to wines after malolactic fermentation?

A

Buttery aroma

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260
Q

Which vine diseases is typically spread by soil nematodes?

A

Fanleaf degeneration

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261
Q

What is the largest wine region in British Columbia in terms of production?

A

Okanagan Valley

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262
Q

Which province has to adhere to the VQA law?

A

Ontario

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263
Q

What is the Canadian equivalent to the US AVA?

A

DVA

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264
Q

What does DVA stand for?

A

Designated Viticultural Areas

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265
Q

What is the best way to describe the climate of the Okanagan Valley?

A

Continental

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266
Q

Prince Edward County and Niagara Peninsula are located on the banks of which lake?

A

Ontario

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267
Q

Describe the geneology of Vidal Blanc

A

Hybrid of Vitis vinifera and other Vitis species

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268
Q

What is the maximum percentage of non-Ontario grapes in a VQA Ontario wine?

A

0%

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269
Q

The first commercial Canadian icewine was produced in what year?

A

1978

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270
Q

Labatt beer is produced in which country?

A

Canada

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271
Q

Chimay beer is produced in which country?

A

Belgium

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272
Q

Country of origin for Pilsner beer?

A

Czech Republic

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273
Q

Country of origin of Saison beer?

A

Belgium

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274
Q

Country of origin for ESB beer?

A

England

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275
Q

What does ESB in beer stand for?

A

Extra Special Beer

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276
Q

What are the largest producers of hops?

A

USA and Germany

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277
Q

Who produces Two-Hearted Ale?

A

Bell’s Brewery

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278
Q

Who produces Old Rasputin beer?

A

North Coast Brewing Co.

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279
Q

Who produces Union Jack beer?

A

Firestone Walker

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280
Q

Who produces Tank 7 Farmhouse Ale?

A

Boulevard

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281
Q

What does IBU in beer mean?

A

International bitterness unit

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282
Q

What ingredient is added to the malt to initiate the mashing process?

A

Hot Water

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283
Q

What are the 3 original ingredients permitted in Bavarian Purity Law of 1516 (Reinheitsgebot)?

A
  • Water
  • Hops
  • Barley
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284
Q

What is the name of the Bavarian Purity Law of 1516?

A

Reinheitsgebot

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285
Q

In beer brewing, what is the ‘wort’?

A

A sugar rich liquid extracted from the mashing process

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286
Q

During which process are hops traditionally added?

A

Boiling/Brewing

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287
Q

A Framboise is a spontaneously fermented Belgian-style ale brewed with what?

A

Raspberry

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288
Q

What is the Winkler Scale?

A

The Winkler Scale is a technique for classifying the climate of wine growing regions based on heat summation or growing degree-days.

In the system, geographical areas are divided into five climate regions based on temperature converted to growing degree-days, and is commonly known as Regions I–V.

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289
Q

What percentage of grapes in a bottle of British Columbia VQA wines must come from the stated appellation?

A

95%

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290
Q

Mission Hill is a famous winery in which DVA?

A

Okanagan Valley

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291
Q

Cidre de glace is a speciality of which province?

A

Québec, Canada

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292
Q

What is the only hybrid grape allowed in the production of VQA Icewine?

A

Vidal Blanc

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293
Q

Gewurztraminer is genetically linked to which Jura grape?

A

Savagnin

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294
Q

In what must Château-Chalon AOP wines be bottled?

A

Clavelin (62 cl)

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295
Q

Roussette is a synonym for which grape?

A

Altesse

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296
Q

Altesse is a synonym for which grape?

A

Roussette

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297
Q

Pupillin is a geographical designation of which region?

A

Arbois

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298
Q

What styles of wine are permitted in Seyssel AOP?

A
  • White

- Sparkling wine

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299
Q

A local fossil, shaped like a five-pointed star, can be found in which appellation?

A

L’Etoile AOP, Jura

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300
Q

Gore is the primary soil of what Rhône appellation?

A

Cornas AOP

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301
Q

What style of wine is produced in Beaumes-de-Venise AOP?

A

Red

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302
Q

What is the most southerly AOP of the Northern Rhône Valley?

A

Châtillon-en-Diois

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303
Q

In what year was Châteauneuf-du-Pape granted AOP status?

A

1936

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304
Q

What AOP unknowingly served as the entry for phylloxera into France in the 1860s?

A

Lirac

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305
Q

In which appellation does the Alain Graillot estate produce wine?

A

Crozes-Hermitage

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306
Q

What sesquiterpene in the Syrah grape is responsible for peppercorn and black olive aromas in the finished wine?

A

Rotundone

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307
Q

Name the sub regions of Rías Baixas:

A
  1. Val de Salnés
  2. Ribeira do Ulla
  3. Soutomaior
  4. O Rosal
  5. Condado do Tea
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308
Q

Name five dessert wine AOPs of Bordeaux:

A
  1. Sauternes
  2. Cérons
  3. Barsac
  4. Loupiac
  5. Cadillac
  6. Sainte-Croix-du-Mont
  7. Graves Supérieures
  8. Premières Côtes de Bordeaux
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309
Q

Name the five main villages of Barolo:

A
  • Serralunga d’Alba
  • Barolo
  • Castiglione Falletto
  • La Morra
  • Monforte d’Alba
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310
Q

What is the grape of Cour Chevery AOP?

A

100% Romarantin

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311
Q

What is the grape of Bourgueil AOP?

A

Cabernet Franc (max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon)

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312
Q

What is the grape of Bairrada DOP?

A

Red: min. 50% Baga - other local varieties

White: Arinto - other local varieties

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313
Q

Name the sole DOCG of Sardinia:

A

Vermentino di Gallura

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314
Q

What is the grape of Côtes du Forez AOP (Loire)?

A

Gamay

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315
Q

What are the four Chablis AOPs and what is the min. alcohol percentage for each?

A
  • Petit Chablis (min. 9.5% ABV)
  • Chablis (min. 10% ABV)
  • Chablis Premier Cru (min. 10.5% ABV)
  • Chablis Grand Cru (min. 11% ABV)
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316
Q

Name the AOPs of Jura:

A
  1. Château-Chalon
  2. Arbois
  3. Côtes du Jura
  4. Macvin du Jura
  5. Crémant du Jura
  6. l’Etoile
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317
Q

What are Ambré, Grenat and Tuilé within the Rasteau AOP?

A

Vin Doux Natural

Ambré (Tawny Blanc) - Amber, white grapes (oxidative method)

Grenat - Tawny, red grapes (oxidative method)

Tuilé - Red (reductive)

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318
Q

Name the sub regions of Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOP:

A
  1. Châteauneuf-du-Pape
  2. Orange
  3. Bédarrides
  4. Courthézon
  5. Sorgues
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319
Q

Name the sub-regions of Tequila DO:

A
  1. Jalisco
  2. Guanajuato
  3. Tamaulipas
  4. Nayarit
  5. Michoacan
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320
Q

Name the sub regions of Saint Chinian (Languedoc):

A
  • Berlou

- Roquebrun

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321
Q

Name a sparkling AOP of the Northern Rhône

A
  • Crémant de Die
  • Clairette de Die
  • Saint-Péray
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322
Q

Name the two Premier Cru chateaux from Barsac

A
  • Climens

- Coutet

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323
Q

What is the min. residual sugar of Sauternes AOP?

A

45g/l

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324
Q

Name styles of sherry and briefly describe

A
  1. Fino - matured by biological ageing
  2. Manzanilla - matured by biological ageing and must be aged only in Sanlúcar de Barrameda
  3. Amontillado - mature Fino, oxidative ageing follows biological ageing
  4. Palo Cortado - a Fino, redirected toward oxidative ageing during the second classification
  5. Oloroso - matured by oxidative ageing
  6. Vino Generoso de Licor: Vino Generoso blended with Vino Dulce Natural or concentrated must (e.g. Pale Cream, Cream)
  7. Vino Dulce Natural: naturally sweet wine fortified after partial fermentation of “sunned” (soleo) grapes, often bottled varietal as Pedro Ximénez or Moscatel
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325
Q

Name the three main villages of production for Sherry:

A
  1. Sanlúcar de Barrameda
  2. Jerez de la Frontera
  3. El Puerto de Santa María
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326
Q

Name the three main soil types of Jerez

A
  1. Albariza
  2. Arenas
  3. Barros
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327
Q

Name the three main grapes of Jerez:

A
  • Palomino Fino / Palomino Jerez
  • Moscatel (Muscat of Alexandria)
  • Pedro Ximénez
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328
Q

Name the Grand Cru villages of the Vallée de la Marne

A
  • Aÿ

- Tours-sur-Marne

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329
Q

Name ten AOPs of the Southern Rhône

A
  1. Châteauneuf-du-Pape
  2. Gigondas
  3. Vacqueyras
  4. Tavel
  5. Ventoux
  6. Beaumes-de-Venise
  7. Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise
  8. Lirac
  9. Vinsobres
  10. Rasteau
  11. Costières de Nîmes
  12. Clairette de Bellegarde
  13. Cairanne
  14. Côtes du Vivarais
  15. Grignan-les-Adhémar
  16. Duché d’Uzès
  17. Luberon
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330
Q

What is Franciacorta Satèn?

A

Region: Lombardia
Grape: Chardonnay and max. 50% Pinot Bianco
Method: Metodo classico
Ageing: Min. 24 months on the lees after tirage. 31 months total from the date of harvest
Sweetnes: Brut only (max. 20g/l RS prior to tirage)
Additional: Maximum pressure of 5 atmospheres

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331
Q

What is VDP?

A

The Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter, or VDP, is an association of German producers dedicated to high quality, the preservation of a sense of place, and those grape varieties traditionally cultivated within each wine growing region. Originally founded in 1910, re-branded in 1971.

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332
Q

What is VOS and VORS Sherry and their ageing requirements?

A
  • Vinum Optimum Signatum (min. 20 years/average)

- Vinum Optimum Rare Signatum (min. 30 years/average)

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333
Q

What is the minimum time sherry must spend in the Solera?

A

2 years (3 years prior to 2010)

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334
Q

What is the max. juice allowed to be pressed from 100kg of fruit for Sherry production?

A

Around 72kg

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335
Q

What type of oak is used in Sherry?

A

American oak butts

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336
Q

What is the size of oak barrels in Jerez?

A

600l

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337
Q

Name the two winds that affect Jerez:

A
  • Poniente

- Levante

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338
Q

What are the permitted training methods in Champagne?

A
  1. Chablis
  2. Guyot (Single or double)
  3. Vallée de la Marne (Pinot Meunier only)
  4. Cordon de Royat
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339
Q

What is the minimum amount of time NV and Vintage Champagne has to spend elevage after Tirage?

A
  • NV: min. 15 months

- Vintage: min. 36 months

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340
Q

What region forms a horse shoe shape around Priorat?

A

Montsant

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341
Q

What is Gutedel also called in Alsace?

A

Chasselas

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342
Q

Name three white grapes varieties of Soave:

A
  • Garganega
  • Trebbiano di Soave
  • Chardonnay
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343
Q

What is Amylase?

A

An enzyme that will convert starchy carbohydrates into ferment-able sugars like maltose and dextrin.

In the modern brewing process, the first step is to create the malted barley, or malt. Barley - the cereal grain of choice for most beers - is steeped in water for approx. two days to promote germination of the grain. Once the grain begins to germinate, or sprout, it is transferred to compartments with controlled temperature and moisture levels. As the sprout grows to nearly an inch in length, the enzyme amylase is produced, which will convert the starchy carbohydrates of the grain into the fermentable sugars maltose and dextrin.

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344
Q

Pierce’s disease is spread by what?

A

Glassy winged sharpshooter (Fungal disease)

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345
Q

Name the main varieties of Madeira from driest to sweetest

A
  • Sercial
  • Verdelho
  • Bual
  • Malmsey
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346
Q

Name three grapes grown on Santorini

A
  • Assyrtiko
  • Aidani
  • Athiri
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347
Q

Which spirit is sometimes produced in Carterhead Still?

A

Gin

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348
Q

In which year was the classification of St. Émilion established?

A

1955

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349
Q

What is the min. ageing requirements for Scotch whisky?

A

3 years

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350
Q

Which part of the vine do nematodes attack?

A

Vine root

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351
Q

Which current affects the growing of grapes in South Africa?

A

Benguela

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352
Q

What is the term for Rosé from Provence?

A

Pelure d’Oignon

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353
Q

What is Manzanilla Pasada?

A

Aged, oxidative style of Manzanilla (Fino-Amontillado style)

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354
Q

Which DOCG is the only one existing in Sardinia?

A

Vermentino di Gallura

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355
Q

What is the range of allowed residual sugar for a European sparkling wine labelled Extra Brut?

A

0-6 g/l RS

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356
Q

What does Hors d’Age mean for Armagnac?

A

Min. 10 years ageing in cask

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357
Q

What is the scientific name for TNA?

A

2-4-6 trichloroanisole

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358
Q

Why would a winemaker choose to cold-stabilise a white wine?

A

To precipitate and remove tartrate crystals from the wine prior to release

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359
Q

How many litres are in a Salmanazar Champagne bottle?

A

9 litre (12 bottles)

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360
Q

What are the sub regions of Navarra DO?

A
  1. Ribera Alta
  2. Ribera Baja
  3. Baja Montaña
  4. Tierra Estella
  5. Valdizarbe
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361
Q

Define Tawny Port:

A

Tawny ports are cask-aged, and develop more complex, mature tones of toffee, dried fruits, and toasted nuts with time. Tawny Port, naturally, develops lighter, amber tones of colour as it ages in wood.

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362
Q

What is Yamazaki?

A

Japanese Whiskey

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363
Q

What is Jerepigo?

A

A South African Vin de liqueur made from Muscat grapes

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364
Q

What is Peronospora otherwise known as?

A

Downy Mildew (Peronospora): Another fungal disease that immigrated to Europe on North American vine cuttings, downy mildew spread rampantly through France and the rest of Europe in the early 1880s. Plasmopara viticola, the agent of downy mildew, attacks the green portions of the vine, causing leaves to drop off the vine and limiting the vine’s ability to photosynthesise. The infection is first visible as an oil spot on vine leaves. As spores germinate a white, cottony growth develops on the underside of the leaves. The fungus survives the winter on fallen leaves in the soil, and its spores reach the vine again with the help of rain splatter in the spring. Arid regions prohibit its growth. The blue-staining Bordeaux mixture, a spray of copper sulphide, water and lime, was developed by 1885 to prevent outbreaks of downy mildew.

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365
Q

In Calvados what region requires a high proportion of pear?

A

Calvados Domfrontais (min. 30%)

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366
Q

What is the minimum RS level for Coteaux du Layon Chaume Premier Cru?

A

80 g/l RS

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367
Q

Where can you find the sub region of Latour-de-France?

A

Côtes du Roussillon Village AOP

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368
Q

Within Jurançon AOP, which grapes can be used apart from Petit Manseng or Gros Manseng?

A
  1. Lauzet
  2. Courbu
  3. Petit Courbu
  4. Camaralet de Lasseube
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369
Q

What are the grapes used in the Rosette AOP (Southwest France)?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Sauvignon Gris
  • Sémillon
  • Muscadelle
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370
Q

Within the Rasteau AOP what do Ambré and Tuilé mean?

A

Ambré and Tuilé indicate, respectively, white and red VDN wines displaying a more oxidative character and subject to at least three years of ageing prior to release.

Wines may not be released until March 1 of the third year following the harvest.

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371
Q

Name the sub regions of the Côtes de Provence AOP:

A
  1. Sainte-Victoire
  2. Fréjus
  3. La Londe
  4. Pierrefeu
  5. Notre-Dame des Anges
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372
Q

What red grape(s) may be used in the Côtes de Toul AOP?

A
  • Pinot Noir
  • Pinot Meunier
  • Gamay
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373
Q

What is the grape that is required to be used at a minimum of 50% in the Fronton AOP (Southwest France)?

A

Négrette

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374
Q

Name ten AOPs of Languedoc:

A
  1. Languedoc
  2. Clairette du Languedoc
  3. Cabardès
  4. Corbières
  5. Corbières-Boutenac
  6. Faugères
  7. Fitou
  8. La Clape
  9. Limoux
  10. Crémant de Limoux
  11. Malepère
  12. Minervois
  13. Minervois-La Livinière
  14. Pic Saint-Loup
  15. Picpoul de Pinet
  16. Saint-Chinian
  17. Terrasses du Larzac
  18. Muscat de Frontignan
  19. Muscat de Lunel
  20. Muscat de Mireval
  21. Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois
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375
Q

What are the AOPs of Corsica?

A
  1. Ajaccio
  2. Vin de Corse
  3. Patrimonio
  4. Muscat du Cap Corse
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376
Q

What does the term Gentil indicate on a label?

A

The name Gentil is reserved for AOP Alsace wines fulfilling the superior-quality blending standards. This blending must have at least 50% of Riesling, Muscat, Pinot Gris and/or Gewurztraminer, and the rest can be Sylvaner, Chasselas and/or Pinot Blanc. Before blending, each variety must be vinified separately and must officially qualify as an AOP Alsace wine. The vintage year must appear on the Gentil label and can only be sold after being tasted and approved.

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377
Q

Name the AOPs of Savoie:

A
  1. Bugey
  2. Seyssel
  3. Crémant de Savoie
  4. Roussette de Savoie
  5. Roussette de Bugey
  6. Vin de Savoie
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378
Q

What does Edelzwicker mean?

A

Field blend

One or more grape varieties used (White, may or may not be vintage dated)

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379
Q

In what Grand Cru is Clos Ste. Hune located?

A

Rosacker

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380
Q

What ingredient switch turns a Negroni into a Boulevardier?

A

Rye Whiskey instead of Gin

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381
Q

In the wine world, what does COLA stand for and what federal agency grants it?

A

Certificate of Label Approvals

Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), USA

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382
Q

Name all AOPs a producer in Martillac would be entitled to when producing dry white wines.

A
  1. Graves

2. Pessac-Léognan

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383
Q

Name the most prominent aroma/aromas associated with “reductive” white Burgundy.

A

Struck match

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384
Q

Briefly contrast the techniques of micro-oxygenation and hyper-oxygenation in wine making.
Comment specifically on when each technique is employed.

A

Micro-oxygenation: Introducing oxygen to highly tannic wines (e.g. Tannat) and to imitate slow ageing in a controlled manner. Post fermentation

Hyper-oxygenation: Introducing oxygen to stabilise white wine must to prevent oxidation. Pre fermentation

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385
Q

Briefly describe the 2013 Syrah harvest and vintage in the Northern Rhône.

A

Spring was cool and wet, prompting low yields and disease pressure. A record late harvest was curtailed by heavy rains.

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386
Q

Who was Jan van Riebeeck and why is he important in wine history?

A

Dutch navigator and administrator of Cape Town, considered the founding father of South Africa

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387
Q

Which national flag flew in Colmar in 1910?

A

German Empire

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388
Q

What is the acceptable range of residual sugar for Seco Cava?

A

17-32 g/l RS

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389
Q

What is the most recent vintage of Dom Pérignon available on the market?

A

2010

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390
Q

What does the term “kräusen” refer to?

A

Foam that is building during beer fermentation

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391
Q

Which yeast species creates flor?

A

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

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392
Q

Which village AOP in the Côte de Nuits produces the most red wine annually?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin

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393
Q

Name four Portuguese DOPs located in the Atlantic Ocean

A
  1. Biscoitos (Açores)
  2. Graciosa (Açores)
  3. Pico (Açores)
  4. Madeira (Terras Madeirenses)
  5. Madeirense (Terras Madeirenses)
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394
Q

Briefly contrast the ‘en vaso’ and ‘vara y pulgar’ styles of vine-training.

A

En vaso is similar to gobelet training where four ‘arms’ are grown which will protect the fruit from the sun and give aeration to the vine

Vara y Pulgar training used in Jerez is where two branches exist. One gets to grow (vara) while the other one will cut short and rests (pulgar). The following year the two branches switch roles

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395
Q

Who makes Cuvée Cathelin?

A

J.L. Chave

Produced only in:
1990, 1991, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2009 and 2010

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396
Q

Who makes La Mouline?

A

E. Guigal

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397
Q

Who makes La Chapelle?

A

Paul Jaboulet Aîné

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398
Q

Who makes Clos d’Ambonnay?

A

Krug

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399
Q

Who makes Cuvée Spéciale les Chétillons?

A

Pierre Peters

Blanc de Blancs
Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
Cote de Blancs
Champagne
France
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400
Q

Who makes Substance?

A

Jacques Selosse

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401
Q

Who made Champagne Charlie and in what year was it discontinued?

A

Charles Heidsieck in 1985

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402
Q

Who makes Monte Bello?

A

Ridge

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403
Q

Who makes Insignia?

A

Joseph Phelps

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404
Q

Who made in 2005 a wine called Pegasos?

A

Case Basse

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405
Q

Who makes Hommage à Jacques Perrin?

A

Château de Beaucastel

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406
Q

Who makes Cuvée Marie Beurrier?

A

Henri Bonneau (Châteauneuf-du-Pape)

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407
Q

Who makes Valbuena °5 and what das the 5 indicate?

A

Vega Sicilia, aged for 5 years before release

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408
Q

Who makes ExcelsuS + SummuS?

A

Castello Banfi

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409
Q

Who makes Kastanienbusch?

A

Ökonomierat Rebholz

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410
Q

Which producer owns the majority of the Roter Hang?

A

Gunderloch

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411
Q

What are the four main geographical areas of the Loire from east to west?

A
  • Central Valley
  • Touraine
  • Anjou-Saumur
  • Pays Nantais
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412
Q

Name the Muscadet AOPs of the Nantais:

A
  1. Muscadet
  2. Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine
  3. Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire
  4. Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu
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413
Q

What are the regulations for ‘Sur lie’ wines from Muscadet?

A
  • Wine must be kept on its lees (either tank or barrel) after fermentation until at least March 1st of the year following the harvest
  • Wine is bottled directly off its fine lees between March 1st and November 30th of the year following the harvest, and not marketed until at least March 8th
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414
Q

Name the sub regions of Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine:

A
  1. Clisson
  2. Gorges
  3. Le Pallet
  4. Mouzillon-Tillieres
  5. Monnières-Saint-Fiacre
  6. Château-Thébaud
  7. Goulaine
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415
Q

What are the two former Savennières AOP sub regions that are now their own AOP?

A

1 .Coulée de Serrant

2. Roche Aux Moines

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416
Q

Name two villages of the Coteaux du Layon AOP that may append their names:

A
  • Chaume
  • Faye d’Anjou / Faye
  • Rochefort-sur-Loire / Rochefort
  • Rablay-sur-Layon / Rablay
  • Beaulieu-sur-Layon / Beaulieu
  • St-Aubin de Luigne / St. Aubin
  • St. Lambert du Lattay / St. Lambert
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417
Q

What style of wine is produced in the Coteaux de Layon AOP?

A
  1. White
  2. Sélection de Grains Nobles

100% Chenin Blanc

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418
Q

Name two sub AOPs within the Coteaux du Layon AOP that are famous for sweet wines:

A
  • Quarts de Chaume

- Bonnezeaux

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419
Q

What are the red grape permitted in Anjou Village Brissac AOP?

A

Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon

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420
Q

Which grapes are permitted in Saumur-Champigny AOP?

A

Cabernet Franc with 15% max. Cabernet Sauvignon and Pineau d’Aunis

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421
Q

Name the three best red wine producing AOPs of Touraine?

A
  • Chinon
  • Bourgueil
  • St-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil

All Cabernet Franc with max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon

All can also produce rose

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422
Q

What is the permitted grape in Cour-Cheverny AOP?

A

100% Romorantin

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423
Q

What is the primary soil type of Vouvray?

A

Tuffeau limestone

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424
Q

What are the permitted grapes in Vouvray?

A

Min. 95% Chenin Blanc with 5% Orbois

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425
Q

What AOP sits on the opposite bank of the Loire River to Vouvray?

A

Montlouis-sur-Loire

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426
Q

What are the permitted grapes in Pouilly-sur-Loire AOP?

A

100% Chasselas

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427
Q

What styles of wines are permitted in Sancerre AOP?

A
  • Blanc - 100% Sauvignon Blanc
  • Rosé - 100% Pinot Noir
  • Rouge - 100% Pinot Noir
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428
Q

What are the three primary soil types of Sancerre AOP?

A
  • Silex - higher proportion of flint, continuing into the communes of Pouilly-Fumé across the river, where a certain ‘gun flint’ character is implied in the wines
  • Caillottes - is a stony soil, littered with fossils
  • Terres Blanches - continuation of the same Kimmeridgian clay that extends into Chablis
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429
Q

What style of wine and permitted grapes are in the Côte Roannaise AOP and Côtes du Forez AOP?

A

Rosé - 100% Gamay

Rouge - 100% Gamay

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430
Q

What is the grape of Roero Bianco DOCG?

A

Arneis

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431
Q

What is the grape of Gavi DOCG?

A

Cortese

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432
Q

What are the permitted grape varieties for

  1. Montagny
  2. Saint-Bris AOP
  3. Bouzeron AOP
  4. Vézelay AOP
A
  1. 100% Chardonnay
  2. Sauvignon Blanc & Sauvignon Gris
  3. 100% Aligoté
  4. 100% Chardonnay
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433
Q

What styles of wine are produced under Rosalia DAC and which grape varieties
are permitted?

A

Styles: Dry Still Red and Rosé

Grapes: Blaufränkisch & Zweigelt

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434
Q

Which and in what year was the first AOP created for wine production in Belgium?

A

Hageland AOP in 1997

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435
Q

Name the AOPs of Belgium:

A
  1. Hageland AOP
  2. Haspengouw AOP
  3. Heuvelland AOP
  4. Côtes de Sambre et Meuse AOP
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436
Q

What is the most planted red grape variety in Ontario?

A

Cabernet Franc

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437
Q

Which Croatian grape variety is linked to the American grape called Zinfandel?

A

Tribidrag

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438
Q

In which country can you find the Helan Mountain chain?

A

China

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439
Q

In which country are the wine regions of Harsovo and Melnik located?

A

Bulgaria

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440
Q

Name the five wine regions of Bulgaria:

A
  1. Struma River Valley
  2. Valley of the Roses
  3. Thracian Lowlands
  4. Danubian Plains
  5. Cherno More (Black sea)
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441
Q

What type of wine is produced under the Bugey ‘Cerdon’ AOP and which grape varieties are permitted?

A

Méthode Ancestrale - Vin Mousseux Rosé

Poulsard & Gamay

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442
Q

What are the principal grape varieties of Haut-Montravel AOP?

A

Min. 50% Sémillon with Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris & Muscadelle

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443
Q

Which grape is called ‘Sultan’ in Alsace?

A

Pinot Gris

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444
Q

What is the main grape variety used in the production of Crémant de Limoux AOP?

A

Chardonnay (Min. 50%)

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445
Q

Within which Chablis Grands Crus is ‘La Moutonne’ vineyard located?

A

Vaudésir & Les Preuses

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446
Q

Who is the the monopole owner of ‘La Moutonne’?

A

Domaine Long-Depaquit

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447
Q

In which French AOP is the grape variety Tibouren permitted?

A
  1. Côtes de Provence AOP
  2. Coteaux Varois en Provence AOP
  3. Palette
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448
Q

What are the sub-zones of AOP Touraine?

A
  1. Amboise
  2. Mesland
  3. Azay-le-Rideau
  4. Oisly
  5. Chenonceaux
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449
Q

What is the name of the principal quality red grape variety of Georgia?

A

Saperavi

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450
Q

In which region of Germany can you find the Grosse Lage site Dalsheimer
Hubacker?

A

Rheinhessen

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451
Q

When and where was the Spätlese category first used in Germany?

A

1775 in Schloss Johannisberg, Rheingau

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452
Q

What is the only grape authorised in Nemea PDO?

A

Agiorgitiko

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453
Q

On the slopes of which mountain is Naoussa PDO situated?

A

Vermio Mountains

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454
Q

What type of soil is found within the Badacsony PDO?

A

Clay, Sand and Loess on top of Basalt

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455
Q

In which country is the Zerhoune wine region located?

A

Morocco

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456
Q

Name the wine regions of Morocco:

A
  1. East
  2. Meknès/Fès
  3. Northern Plain
  4. Rabat/Casablanca
  5. El-Jadida
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457
Q

What is the minimum alcohol level for Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG?

A

14% (Grapes are harvested at 11% Natural potential alcohol, then dried to achieve 14%)

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458
Q

In which Italian wine region is Ramandolo DOCG produced?

A

Friuli Venezia Giulia

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459
Q

Which DOC encompasses the full region of Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige?

A

Prosecco DOC

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460
Q

How many communes can produce Barolo DOCG?

A
  1. Barolo
  2. Castiglione Falletto
  3. Serralunga d’Alba
  4. Monforte d’Alba
  5. La Morra
  6. Diano d’Alba
  7. Novello
  8. Verduno
  9. Grinzane Cavour
  10. Cherasco
  11. Roddi
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461
Q

What are the only 2 DOCG of Abruzzo?

A
  1. Montepulciano d’Abruzzo Colline Teramane DOCG

2. Terre Tollesi / Tullum DOCG

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462
Q

From which grape variety are white wines of the appellation Chinon made?

A

100% Chenin Blanc

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463
Q

What is the main state of production for wine in Mexico?

A

Baja California

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464
Q

In which region of New Zealand is the Neudorf estate making wine?

A

Nelson

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465
Q

Classify this 5 GIs of New Zealand’s South Island from north to south:

  1. Nelson GI
  2. Marlborough GI
  3. Canterbury GI
  4. Central Otago GI
  5. Waitaki North Otago / Waitaki Valley GI
A
  1. Nelson GI
  2. Marlborough GI
  3. Canterbury GI
  4. Central Otago GI
  5. Waitaki North Otago / Waitaki Valley GI
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466
Q

List the 3 DOPs of the Açores islands.

A
  1. Biscoitos AOP
  2. Graciosa AOP
  3. Pico AOP
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467
Q

What is the most planted red grape in Portugal?

A

Tinta Roriz (Aragonez, Tempranillo)

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468
Q

What is the only DO for wine in Brazil?

A

Vale dos Vinhedos

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469
Q

In which country is the wine region Murfatlar DOC located?

A

Romania

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470
Q

Apart from Hungary, which country is authorised to produced Tokaj wine?

A

Slovakia

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471
Q

List all of the 6 wine regions within the Western Cape:

A
  1. Boberg River
  2. Breede River Valley
  3. Cape South Coast
  4. Coastal
  5. Klein Karoo
  6. Olifants River
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472
Q

In which South African district is the ward Sunday’s Glen located?

A

Walker Bay

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473
Q

Which DOs of Andalucía can produce both fortified and unfortified wines?

A
  1. Condado de Huelva DO
  2. Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO
  3. Málaga DO
  4. Montilla-Moriles
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474
Q

Explain the ageing requirements for:

  • Rioja Vino Espumosa DOCa
  • Rioja Vino Espumosa Reserva DOCa
A

Vino Espumosa DOCa: min. 15 months on the lees from the date of tirage prior to disgorgement

Vino Espumosa DOCa Reserva: min. 24 months on the lees from the date of tirage prior to disgorgement

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475
Q

List all of the permitted grape varieties for the production of white wines in Ribera del Duero DO:

A
  1. Albillo Mayor (min. 75%)
  2. Pirulés
  3. Malvasia
  4. Viura
  5. Verdejo
  6. Albariño,
  7. Hondarrabi Zuri
  8. Palomino
  9. Chardonnay
  10. Riesling
  11. Sauvignon Blanc
  12. Treixadura
  13. Viognier
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476
Q

What was the previous name of the Rioja Oriental DO?

A

Rioja Baja

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477
Q

List all of the 6 main wine regions of Switzerland:

A
  1. Valais
  2. Vaud
  3. Geneva
  4. Ticino
  5. Neuchâtel
  6. German Switzerland
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478
Q

In which region of the UK is Stephen Spurrier’s winery based?

A

Dorset (Bride Valley Wine)

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479
Q

What is the smallest AVA in the US?

A

Cole Ranch AVA (Mendocino)

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480
Q

What is the largest AVA in the US?

A

Upper Mississippi River Valley (Minnesota, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin)

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481
Q

Indicate the classification status and appellation of these wineries

  1. Château Rauzan-Gassies:
  2. Château Lafon-Rochet:
  3. Château Malescot Saint-Exupéry:
  4. Château Lynch-Moussas:
A
  1. Deuxièmes Crus - Margaux
  2. Quatrièmes Crus - Saint-Estèphe
  3. Troisièmes Crus - Margaux
  4. Cinquièmes Crus - Pauillac
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482
Q

What are the 2 newest AVA of Oregon?

A
  1. Laurelwood District (Willamette Valley, 2020)

2. Tualatin Hills (Willamette Valley, 2020)

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483
Q

What are the 2 types of chalk found in Champagne?

A
  1. Belemnite

2. Micraster

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484
Q

In which Italian region is Lambrusco Mantovano DOC located?

A

Lombardia

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485
Q

Which grape varieties are permitted for the production of Prosecco DOC Rosé?

A

Glera and 10-15% Pinot Nero

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486
Q

Where does Maragogipe coffee variety originate from?

A

Brazil

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487
Q

What is a Oolong tea?

A

Oolong tea is a traditional Chinese tea made from the partially oxidised leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant

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488
Q

What does F.T.G.F.O.P. mean?

A

Finest Tippy Golden Flowery Orange Pekoe

Tea leaf grading system

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489
Q

What is the name given to Nebbiolo in Gattinara DOCG?

A

Spanna

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490
Q

Which grapes were crossed to obtain the Marselan grape variety?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache

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491
Q

What are the 4 labelling terms that can be found on a bottle of Chilean Pisco which indicate maturation level and minimum alcohol percentage?

A
  1. Pisco Corriente o Tradicional, 30-35%
  2. Pisco Especial, 35-40%
  3. Pisco Reservado, 40%
  4. Gran Pisco, 43% or more
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492
Q

What is the base ingredient for Rhum Agricole?

A

Sugarcane juice

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493
Q

Which grape varieties are permitted for the production of Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP?

A
  1. Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains

2. Muscat d’Alexandrie

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494
Q

What does Marsala SOM mean?

A

Superior Old Marsala

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495
Q

What does Marsala Fine IP mean?

A

Italy Particular

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496
Q

What does Marsala GD mean?

A

Garibaldi Dolce

A reference to a 19th century general

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497
Q

What does Marsala LP mean?

A

London Particular

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498
Q

What does Marsala Vecchio mean?

A

The wine has met the minimum requirements for Marsala Superiore

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499
Q

What is the name given to the irrigation canals in Madeira?

A

Levada

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500
Q

What is the equivalent of 1 hectare in acres?

A

2.4710 acre

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501
Q

What is the equivalent of 1 acre in hectares?

A

0.4046 hectares

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502
Q

Name the synonym for these grape varieties:

  1. Melon d’Arbois
  2. Charbono
  3. Cannonau
  4. Macabeo
A
  1. Chardonnay
  2. Bonarda
  3. Grenache
  4. Viura
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503
Q

Which new grape varieties where approved for trial in Bordeaux in June 2019?

A
  1. Touriga Nacional
  2. Arinarnoa
  3. Marselan
  4. Castets
  5. Alvarinho
  6. Petit Manseng
  7. Liliorila
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504
Q

What is another name for the Charmat method?

A
  1. Tank method
  2. Metodo Italiano
  3. Martinotti method
  4. Cuve close
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505
Q

Who invented the Charmat method?

A

Federico Martinotti in 1895

The method was further developed with a new patent by the inventor Eugène Charmat in 1907

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506
Q

What are the two principal sugars found in grape must?

A
  1. Glucose

2. Fructose

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507
Q

What is the common name of Humulus lupulus?

A

Hops

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508
Q

What are the 2 types of gas used to carbonate Guinness?

A

75% Nitrogen (N)

25% Carbon dioxide (CO2)

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509
Q

During which dates in the US was there a nationwide constitutional ban on alcohol known as Prohibition?

A
  1. January 1920 - 5. December 1933
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510
Q

Which varietals are used for Bourgogne Passe-tout-Grains?

A
  1. Pinot Noir (min. 30%)

2. Gamay (min. 15%)

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511
Q

Name the ‘noble’ varieties of Alsace:

A
  1. Riesling
  2. Muscat
  3. Gewurztraminer
  4. Pinot Gris
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512
Q

What is the AOP of Château Haut-Brion?

A

Pessac-Léognan

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513
Q

How many Anbaugebiete exist in Germany?

Name them all:

A

13

  1. Mosel
  2. Rheingau
  3. Pfalz
  4. Nahe
  5. Mittelrhein
  6. Rheinhessen
  7. Hessische Bergstrasse
  8. Franken
  9. Ahr
  10. Württemberg
  11. Baden
  12. Sachsen
  13. Saale-Unstrut
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514
Q

What is the AOP for the still red, rosé and white wines of Champagne?

A

Coteaux Champenois

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515
Q

Name the three most-important native varietals used in Cava production:

A
  1. Parellada
  2. Macabeu
  3. Xarel·lo
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516
Q

Name the DOCGs of Tuscany that have Sangiovese as their primary grape:

A
  1. Brunello di Montalcino
  2. Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
  3. Val di Cornia Rosso
  4. Montecucco
  5. Carmignano
  6. Morellino di Scansano
  7. Chianti
  8. Chianti Classico
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517
Q

Name the regions of the Western Cape in South Africa:

A
  1. Coastal
  2. Klein Karoo
  3. Olifants River
  4. Cape South Coast
  5. Breede River Valley
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518
Q

The Ohio River Valley AVA covers parts of which states?

A
  1. Ohio
  2. Kentucky
  3. Indiana
  4. West Virginia
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519
Q

Name the Scotch producing regions:

A
  1. Highland
  2. Lowland
  3. Speyside
  4. Islay
  5. Campbeltown
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520
Q

Name the AOPs within the Médoc:

A
  1. Haut-Médoc
  2. Médoc
  3. Saint-Estèphe
  4. Pauillac
  5. Saint-Julien
  6. Listrac-Médoc
  7. Moulis/Moulis-en-Médoc
  8. Margaux
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521
Q

Clare Valley and Eden Valley are known for which varietal?

A

Riesling

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522
Q

Name primary varietals of Port:

A
  1. Tinta Roriz
  2. Touriga Nacional
  3. Tinta Cão
  4. Tinta Barroca
  5. Touriga Franca
  6. Trincadeira
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523
Q

What is the main varietal of Hermitage Rouge?

What varietals may also be used?

A

Syrah (min. 85%)

Roussanne and Marsanne (max. 15%)

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524
Q

Name the Grand Crus of Chablis:

A
  1. Bougros
  2. Preuses
  3. Vaudésir
  4. Grenouilles
  5. Valmur
  6. Les Clos
  7. Blanchot

West to East

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525
Q

What is the local term for Malbec grown in the Loire Valley?

A

Côt

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526
Q

This charity organisation holds its yearly auction on the third Sunday of November?

A

Hospices de Beaune

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527
Q

What is remontage?

A

Pumpover.

A form of cap management in which liquid is pumped from the bottom of the tank over the top of the tank to mix the tank and wet the cap.

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528
Q

Where is Wellington located?

A

North Island of New Zealand

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529
Q

What is the governing body of Canadian wine and wine making?

A

VQA (Vintners Quality Alliance)

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530
Q

The best wines of the Mosel come from which Bereich?

A

Bernkastel

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531
Q

Name the AOPs of the Mâconnais that doesn’t include the term Mâcon:

A
  1. Pouilly-Fuissé
  2. Pouilly-Vinzelles
  3. Pouilly-Loché
  4. Saint-Véran
  5. Viré-Clessé
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532
Q

Name the AOPs of Bordeaux (other than Sauternes) that can produce sweet wine:

A
  1. Barsac
  2. Cérons
  3. Bordeaux Supérieur
  4. Cadillac
  5. Loupiac
  6. Sainte-Croix-du-Mont
  7. Côtes de Bordeaux
  8. Premières Côtes de Bordeaux
  9. Graves Supérieures
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533
Q

Pinotage is a crossing of which two varietals?

Who created Pinotage?

A

Pinot Noir and Cinsault

Dr. Abraham Perold in 1925 at Stellenbosch University, South Africa

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534
Q

Name the DOCGs of Piemonte that have Nebbiolo as the primary grape:

A
  1. Barbaresco
  2. Barolo
  3. Gattinara
  4. Ghemme
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535
Q

Name the AVAs of Washington State:

A
  1. Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley
  2. Columbia Gorge (shared with Oregon)
  3. Columbia Valley (shared with Oregon)
  4. Horse Heaven Hills
  5. Lake Chelan
  6. Lewis-Clarke Valley (shared with Idaho)
  7. Naches Heights
  8. Puget Sound
  9. Rattlesnake Hills
  10. Red Mountain
  11. Snipes Mountain
  12. Wahluke Slopes
  13. Walla Walla Valley (shared with Oregon)
  14. Yakima Valley
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536
Q

Name four varietals used in the production of Madeira:

A
  1. Malvasia
  2. Boal
  3. Verdelho
  4. Sercial
  5. Tinta Negra Mole
  6. Terrantez
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537
Q

Name all of the growing regions of Champagne:

A
  1. Montagne de Reims
  2. Vallée de la Marne
  3. Côte des Blancs
  4. Côte de Sézanne
  5. Côte des Bar (Aube)
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538
Q

What is the range of sweetness in g/L for Brut Champagne?

A

0-12 g/L (0-15 g/L until 2010)

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539
Q

What is the name of the only Sauvignon Blanc based AOP of Burgundy?

A

Saint-Bris

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540
Q

What is the term for Alsatian wine made from specially-selected rotten grapes?

A

Sélection de Grains Nobles (SGN)

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541
Q

What ‘grain’ must dominate in Bourbon?

What is its minimum %?

A

Corn

51%

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542
Q

What is the primary varietal of Côte-Rotie?

What varietal may also be used?

A

Syrah

Viognier (max. 20%)

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543
Q

Name the primary varietals of white Bordeaux:

A
  1. Sémillon
  2. Sauvignon Blanc
  3. Muscadelle
  4. Sauvignon Gris
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544
Q

What is the name for the wine of Tuscany that is made from dried grapes?

A

Vin Santo

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545
Q

Which appellation is shared by Napa and Sonoma counties?

A

Los Carneros

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546
Q

Name all regions of New Zealand’s South Island:

A
  1. Nelson
  2. Marlborough
  3. Canterbury
  4. Waitaki North Otago/Waitaki Valley
  5. Central Otago
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547
Q

Name all regions of New Zealand’s North Island:

A
  1. Northland
  2. Auckland
  3. Waikato and Bay of Plenty
  4. Gisborne
  5. Hawke’s Bay / Hawkes Bay
  6. Wairarapa
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548
Q

Name three classified growths of Saint-Estèphe:

A

Premiers Crus (0)

Deuxièmes Crus (2)
Château Cos d’Estournel
Château Montrose

Troisièmes Crus (1)
Château Calon-Ségur

Quatrièmes Crus (1)
Château Lafon-Rochet

Cinquièmes Crus (1)
Château Cos Labory

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549
Q

The letters RM on a bottle of Champagne indicate what?

A

Récoltant-Manipulant

Champagne is produced by grower from their own grapes.

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550
Q

Constantia is historically famous for wines from what varietal?

A

Muscat de Frontignan

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551
Q

Name the AOPs of the Entre-Deux-Mers:

A
  1. Cadillac
  2. Graves de Vayres
  3. Loupiac
  4. Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire
  5. Ste-Croix-du-Mont
  6. Premières Côtes de Bordeaux
  7. Entre-Deux-Mers
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552
Q

Name two synonyms for Nebbiolo:

Name two for Sangiovese:

A

Nebbiolo

  1. Spanna
  2. Chiavennasca
  3. Picotendro
  4. Prunet

Sangiovese

  1. Brunello
  2. Morellino
  3. Prugnolo Gentile
  4. Sangioveto
  5. Calabrese
  6. Puttanella
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553
Q

Name three red and three white varietals permitted for Rioja:

A

Red

  1. Tempranillo
  2. Garnacha
  3. Mazuelo
  4. Graciano
  5. Maturana Tinta

White

  1. Viura
  2. Chardonnay
  3. Malvasía
  4. Garnacha blanca
  5. Sauvignon Blanc
  6. Verdejo
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554
Q

This village of the Côte Chalonnaise relies on Aligoté instead of Chardonnay:

A

Bouzeron

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555
Q

What style of wine is produced in the Quarts de Chaume AOP?

From what varietal?

A

Liquoreux

100% Chenin Blanc

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556
Q

Name the sub-AVAs of the Willamette Valley:

A
  1. Dundee Hills (2004)
  2. Yamhill-Carlton District (2004)
  3. Ribbon Ridge (2005)
  4. McMinnville (2005)
  5. Chehalem Mountains (2006)
  6. Eola-Amity Hills (2006)
  7. Van Duzer Corridor (2019)
  8. Laurelwood District (2020)
  9. Tualatin Hills (2020)
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557
Q

Name the DOCG of Lombardy that can produce sparkling wine:

A
  1. Franciacorta

2. Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico

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558
Q

What are the primary flavourings of Amarula?

A

Cream and Marula fruit

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559
Q

Name the second labels of Bordeaux’s first growths:

A
  1. Carruades de Lafite
  2. Les Forts de Latour
  3. Le Petit de Mouton de Mouton-Rotschild
  4. Pavillon Rouge / Margaux du Château Margaux
  5. Le Clarence de Haut-Brion
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560
Q

What is the principle red varietal of Madiran and Irouléguy?

A

Tannat

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561
Q

Which AOP of the Rhône Valley allows for Rosé only?

A

Tavel

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562
Q

What is the term for the unfermented must used for sweetness adjustment in German wines?

A

Süßreserve

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563
Q

Which variety is only permitted for Alsace Grand Cru Zotzenberg AOP?

A

Sylvaner

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564
Q

What is the varietal of Setúbal DOP?

What style wine is produced?

A 
Moscatel de Setúbal (White)
Moscatel Roxo (Red)

Fortified wines (Licoroso)

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565
Q

Which was the first US AVA?

A

Augusta, Missouri (1980)

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566
Q

Name the DOCGs of Campania:

A
  1. Aglianico del Taburno
  2. Fiano di Avellino
  3. Greco di Tufo
  4. Taurasi
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567
Q

Name a single Quinta Port and the producer:

A
  1. Quinta do Passadouro (Niepoort)
  2. Quinta dos Malvedos (Graham’s)
  3. Quinta do Bomfin (Dow’s)
  4. Quinta do Vau (Sandeman)
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568
Q

Which six communes were included in the original Médoc classification of 1855?

A
  1. Pauillac
  2. Margaux
  3. Graves
  4. Saint-Estèphe
  5. Saint-Julien
  6. Haut-Médoc
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569
Q

Name the major types of Sherry:

A
  1. Fino
  2. Manzanilla
  3. Amontillado
  4. Oloroso
  5. Palo Cortado
  6. Cream
  7. Pedro Ximénez
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570
Q

Which country utilises the term “Wine of Origin” for its appellations?

A

South Africa

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571
Q

Name three Islay Malts:

A
  1. Caol Ila
  2. Ardbeg
  3. Bruichladdich
  4. Bunnahabhain
  5. Kilchoman
  6. Lagavulin
  7. Laphroaig
  8. Port Charlotte
  9. Bowmore
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572
Q

Name two DOCGs of the Veneto:

A
  1. Amarone della Valpolicella
  2. Bardolino Superiore
  3. Colli Asolani (Asolo Prosecco)
  4. Colli di Conegliano
  5. Colli Euganei Fior d’Arancio
  6. Conegliano Valdobbiadene
  7. Friularo di Bagnoli (Bagnoli Friularo)
  8. Lison
  9. Montello Rosso/Montello
  10. Piave Malanotte/Malanotte del Piave
  11. Recioto di Gambellara
  12. Recioto di Soave
  13. Recioto della Valpolicella
  14. Soave Superiore
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573
Q

What is Switzerland’s primary white varietal?

A

Chasselas (Fendant)

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574
Q

Name the Grands Crus of Gevrey-Chambertin:

A
  1. Chambertin
  2. Chambertin Clos de Bèze
  3. Chapelle-Chambertin
  4. Charmes-Chambertin
  5. Griotte-Chambertin
  6. Latricières-Chambertin
  7. Mazis-Chambertin
  8. Mazoyères-Chambertin
  9. Ruchottes-Chambertin
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575
Q

Name the classified growths of Graves, Médoc and Pessac-Léognan:

A
  1. Château Haut-Brion, Graves (1)
  2. Château La Lagune, Haut-Médoc (3)
  3. Château La Tour Carnet, Haut-Médoc (4)
  4. Château Belgrave, Haut-Médoc (5)
  5. Château de Camensac, Haut-Médoc (5)
  6. Château Cantemerle, Haut-Médoc (5)
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576
Q

What is the primary varietal of Sherry?

What is considered the best soil type of the region?

A

Palomino

Albariza

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577
Q

Name the Rhône valley’s red wine-only AOPs:

A
  1. Cornas
  2. Vinsobres
  3. Beaumes-de-Venise
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578
Q

Which AOP of Alsace allows for the use of Chardonnay?

A

Crémant d’Alsace

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579
Q

Name six sub-AVAs of Napa Valley:

A
  1. Atlas Peak
  2. Calistoga
  3. Chiles Valley District
  4. Coombsville
  5. Diamond Mountain District
  6. Howell Mountain
  7. Los Carneros
  8. Mount Veeder
  9. Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley
  10. Oakville
  11. Rutherford
  12. Spring Mountain
  13. St. Helena
  14. Stags Leap District
  15. Wild Horse Valley
  16. Yountville
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580
Q

Name the primary varietals permitted for the making of Cognac:

A
  1. Colombard
  2. Folle Blanche
  3. Montils
  4. Sémillon
  5. Ugni Blanc
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581
Q

These two Grands Crus are shared by Puligny-Montrachet and Chassagne-Montrachet:

A
  1. Bâtard-Montrachet AOP

2. Montrachet AOP

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582
Q

What is the primary varietal of the Jura’s Vin Jaune?

A

Savagnin

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583
Q

What is the term for the removal of the sediment in a bottle of Champagne?

A

Disgorgement (Dégorgement)

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584
Q

How long must Colheita or Vintage Madeira be aged prior to release?

A

It may be bottled from Oct. 31st of the fifth year following the harvest

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585
Q

What is the governing body of South African wines?

A

South African Wine and Spirit Board

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586
Q

What is the minimum ageing requirement for Barolo?

A

38 months from November 1st of the harvest year, including 18 months in wood

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587
Q

Name one of the four satellite appellations of Saint-Émilion:

A
  1. Lussac Saint-Émilion AOP
  2. St-Georges Saint-Émilion AOP
  3. Montagne Saint-Émilion AOP
  4. Puisseguin Saint-Émilion AOP
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588
Q

What is the base for Tia Maria?

What is the base for Drambuie?

A

Rum

Scotch Whisky

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589
Q

Name the sparkling wine AOPs of the Loire Valley:

A
  1. Anjou
  2. Saumur
  3. Crémant de Loire
  4. Touraine
  5. Vouvray
  6. Montlouis-sur-Loire
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590
Q

What is the primary varietal of Bairrada?

A

Baga

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591
Q

What is Liqueur d’Expédition?

A

Wine and sugar added to Champagne after disgorgement more commonly called dosage.

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592
Q

What is Lagrein?

A

A red varietal found in Alto Adige for red/rose wines.

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593
Q

Age designations of Cognac?

A

VS / Three Star (2 years)
VSOP (4 years)
Napoleon (6 years)
XO (min. 10 years)

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594
Q

Name the 4 Premier Cru Classé A of Saint-Émilion:

A
  1. Château Angelus
  2. Château Ausone
  3. Château Cheval Blanc
  4. Château Pavie
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595
Q

Name six grapes of Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOP:

A
  1. Grenache (Noir/Blanc/Gris)
  2. Mourvèdre
  3. Syrah
  4. Cinsault
  5. Counoise
  6. Picpoul (Noir/Blanc/Gris)
  7. Terret Noir
  8. Bourboulenc
  9. Clairette/Clairette Rosé
  10. Roussanne
  11. Vaccarèse
  12. Picardan
  13. Muscardin
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596
Q

Name the two major regions of Alsace:

Which region holds the majority of Grand Cru vineyards?

A

Haut-Rhin
Bas-Rhin

Haut-Rhin

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597
Q

Main varietal of Greco di Tufo DOCG?

A

Fiano

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598
Q

Describe the climate of Santorini:

A

Arid, hot

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599
Q

What is the literal translation for Xinomavro?

A

‘Acid-black’

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600
Q

What style of wine is made in Naoussa?

A

Dry red

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601
Q

What are the traditional designations for Greek wine hat now fall under PDO?

A
  1. OPAP

2. OPE

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602
Q

What is Retsina traditionally flavoured with?

A

Aleppo pine resin

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603
Q

What is the only Peloponnese PDO for dry red wines?

A

Nemea PDO

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604
Q

With which PDO is Assyrtiko most associated with?

A

Santorini PDO

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605
Q

With which PDO is Moschofilero most associated with?

A

Mantinia PDO

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606
Q

With which PDO is Agiorgitiko most associated with?

A

Nemea PDO

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607
Q

With which PDO is Xinomavro most associated with?

A

Naoussa PDO

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608
Q

What style of wine is typically produced from the Mavrodaphne grape?

A

Sweet, fortified red wine

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609
Q

What is the name of the Greek wine flavoured with Aleppo pine resin?

A

Retsina

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610
Q

Evangelos Gerovassiliou is a famous winemaker most often associated with which winery?

A

Domaine Porto Carras

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611
Q

What type of wines are produced in Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO?

A

Sweet white

612
Q

Estate Argyros, Domaine Hatzidakis, and Canava Roussos are producers in what appellation?

A

Santorini PDO

613
Q

Name three producers from Santorini PDO

A
  1. Estate Argyros
  2. Domaine Hatzidakis
  3. Cavana Roussos
614
Q

What are the three permissible grapes of Santorini PDO?

A
  1. Athiri
  2. Aidani
  3. Assyrtiko
615
Q

What is Greece’s only monopole PDO?

A

Slopes of Meliton

616
Q

The Greek designation of kava pertains to what?

A

Oak ageing requirements

617
Q

What is the only PDO whose producers all belong to a cooperative?

A

Samos PDO

618
Q

Moschato Aspro is a synonym used in Samos for which grape?

A

Muscat Blanc á Petits Grains

619
Q

What appellation sits at the base of Mount Olympus and is the southernmost appellation for Xinomavro?

A

Rapsani PDO

620
Q

What is the only PDO in Epirus?

A

Zitsa PDO

621
Q

Evangelos Gerovassiliou is widely credited with revitalising which nearly extinct grape?

A

Malagouzia

622
Q

The Isthmus of Corinth separates mainland Greece from what wine growing region?

A

Peloponnese

623
Q

What separates mainland Greece from Peloponnese?

A

Isthmus of Corinth

624
Q

Where are you most likely to encounter the grape Kotsifali?

A

Crete

625
Q

Santorini and Paros are considered part of what collection of islands in the Aegean Sea?

A

Cyclades islands

626
Q

Which two PDOs are part of the Cyclades islands?

A

Santorini and Paros

627
Q

Amorgiano is a synonym for which grape?

A

Mandilaria

628
Q

Lagorthi is a semi-aromatic white grape mainly produced in which region?

A

Peloponnese

629
Q

In what PDO would you find the historic village Koutsi?

A

Nemea PDO

630
Q

Which historic village is located in Nemea PDO?

A

Koutsi

631
Q

What two grapes may be used for the production of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO wines?

A
  1. Mavrodaphne

2. Korinthiaki

632
Q

What PDO for Muscat was the first to receive protection of origin in 1934?

A

Muscat of Samos

633
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Greek Grand Reserve red wines?

A

Min. 4 Years total

Min. 18 months in barrel
Min. 18 months in bottle

634
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Greek Grand Reserve white wines?

A

Min. 2 Years total

Min. 12 months in barrel
Min. 6 months in bottle

635
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Greek Reserve red wines?

A

Min. 2 Years total

Min. 12 months in barrel
Min. 6 months in bottle

636
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Greek Reserve white wines?

A

Min. 1 Year total

Min. 6 months in barrel
Min. 3 months in bottle

637
Q

Vidiano, Kotsifali, and Vilana are grape varieties indigenous to what island?

A

Crete

638
Q

Name the Greek PDOs that exclusively produce sweet wines:

A
  1. Mavrodaphne of Patras
  2. Monemvassia-Malvasia
  3. Muscat of Patras
  4. Muscat of Rio Patras
639
Q

The Athiri grape is most associated with which Greek region?

A

Santorini

640
Q

The Tsaoussi grape is most associated with which Greek region?

A

Cephalonia

641
Q

The Debina grape is most associated with which Greek region?

A

Zitsa

642
Q

The Vidiano grape is most associated with which Greek region?

A

Crete

643
Q

Name PDOs in Greece that permit the production of traditional method sparkling wine:

A
  1. Mantinia PDO
  2. Zitsa PDO
  3. Amynteo PDO
644
Q

Both Santorini and Santorini Nychteri must contain what minimum % of Assyrtiko?

A

75%

645
Q

Which appellations of Crete produce only red wine?

A
  1. Archanes

2. Dafnes

646
Q

What is another name for the baskets/wreaths used in the Koulara training system on Santorini?

A

Stefani

647
Q

Why is Santorini immune to phylloxera?

A

Its volcanic soils contain none of the clay that is necessary for the parasite to survive

648
Q

Name sweet wine PDO on Crete:

A
  1. Malvasia Sitia

2. Malvasia Candia

649
Q

What is the minimum alcohol level for Santorini PDO dry wines?

A

12%

650
Q

What two Greek PDOs utilise the Liatiko grape for red wines?

A
  1. Sitia

2. Dafnes

651
Q

The communes of Gastra, Trilofos, and Yiannakohori are regarded as unofficial sub-regions of which PDO?

A

Naoussa

652
Q

What style of wine is Samos Nectar?

A

Naturally sweet white wine

653
Q

Name the PDOs in Greece that produce Muscat VDN wine:

A
  1. Muscat of Lemnos PDO
  2. Muscat of Rhodes PDO
  3. Muscat of Patras PDO
  4. Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
  5. Muscat of Cephalonia PDO
654
Q

What white grape is traditionally used for Retsina production?

A

Savatiano

655
Q

Order the following wine regions by total average rainfall:

Thessalia
Cyclades
Epirus
Peloponnese

A

Driest to wettest

  1. Cyclades
  2. Thessalia
  3. Peloponnese
  4. Epirus
656
Q

What is the only Greek PDO to mandate the use of white grapes in the production of red wine?

A

Paros PDO

657
Q

What is the principal grape variety of Verdea PDO?

A

Skiadopoulo

658
Q

Where is the Omala Valley?

A

Cephalonia

659
Q

What type of soil will you find in Santorini?

A

Aspa

Volcanic rock and pumice soil. Coloured red, black and white these unique stones were created during the cataclysmic eruptions that have formed the island

660
Q

What is Aspa?

A

Volcanic rock and pumice soil in Santorini. Coloured red, black and white these unique stones were created during the cataclysmic eruptions that have formed the island

661
Q

What is the name of the Aegean winds?

A

Meltemia

662
Q

What is Meltemia?

A

A wind that blows through the Aegean sea

663
Q

Philip the Bold was famous for ousting which grape from Burgundy in the late 14th century?

A

Gamay

664
Q

Who was famous for ousting Gamay from Burgundy in the late 14th century?

A

Philip the Bold

665
Q

In which village is Romanée-Conti Grand Cru located?

A

Vosne-Romanée

666
Q

What is the most planted grape variety in Burgundy?

A

Chardonnay

667
Q

Name the Grand Cru of Chablis from east to west

A
  1. Blanchot
  2. Les Clos
  3. Valmur
  4. Vaudésir
  5. Grenouilles
  6. Les Preuses
  7. Bougros
668
Q

Name the Grand Cru of Chablis from largest to smallest

A
  1. Les Clos (28.39 ha)
  2. Bougros (15.79 ha)
  3. Vaudésir (14.49 ha)
  4. Blanchot (12.39 ha)
  5. Les Preuses (11.43 ha)
  6. Valmur (11.04 ha)
  7. Grenouilles (9.38 ha)
669
Q

Name the Grand Cru of Chablis from smallest to largest

A
  1. Grenouilles (9.38 ha)
  2. Valmur (11.04 ha)
  3. Les Preuses (11.43 ha)
  4. Blanchot (12.39 ha)
  5. Vaudésir (14.49 ha)
  6. Bougros (15.79 ha)
  7. Les Clos (28.39 ha)
670
Q

Which soil type will you predominately find throughout Burgundy?

A

Limestone

671
Q

What is the French term for a vineyard with only one owner?

A

Monopole

672
Q

Which cap management technique is traditionally used for Pinot Noir in Burgundy?

A

Pigeage

Punching down the cap of grape skins

673
Q

Which is the primary grape found in Irancy AOP?

A

Pinot Noir

674
Q

Which appellations in the Côte Chalonnaise produce only white wine?

A
  1. Bouzeron

2. Montagny

675
Q

In what year did the Jules Lavalle classification take place?

A

1855

676
Q

Who did in the 19th century Burgundy classification system?

A

Jules Lavalle

677
Q

Name the AOPs of Côte Chalonnaise:

A
  1. Bouzeron
  2. Givry
  3. Mercurey
  4. Montagny
  5. Rully
678
Q

Name the AOPs of Côte Chalonnaise from biggest to smallest producer in terms of volume

A
  1. Mercurey (27,700 hl)
  2. Montagny (17,000 hl)
  3. Rully (16,050 hl)
  4. Givry (12,580 hl)
  5. Bouzeron (2,450 hl)
679
Q

Name the AOPs of Côte Chalonnaise from biggest to smallest in terms of plantings

A
  1. Mercurey (645 ha)
  2. Rully (357 ha)
  3. Montagny (310 ha)
  4. Givry (270 ha)
  5. Bouzeron (47 ha)
680
Q

What permitted styles of production will you find in Saint-Bris AOP?

A

White only

681
Q

The Bonnes Mares Grand Cru is split between which two villages?

A
  1. Chambolle-Musigny

2. Morey-Saint-Denis

682
Q

How many litres are in a feuillette?

A

132l

683
Q

Where can you find a feuillette?

A

Chablis

684
Q

What is the synonym for Chardonnay in Chablis?

A

Beaunois

685
Q

In which village would you find Les Genevrières Premier Cru?

A

Meursault

686
Q

The produce of which grape in Burgundy typically involves bâtonnage?

A

Chardonnay

687
Q

In which AOP would you find Blagny?

A

Côte de Beaune

688
Q

In which AOP would you find Brochon?

A

Côte de Nuits

689
Q

In which AOP would you find Solutré?

A

Mâconnais

690
Q

What is the 8th unofficial Grand Cru of Chablis?

A

La Moutonne

691
Q

La Moutonne is shared between which two Grand Cru from Chablis?

A
  1. Les Preuses

2. Vaudésir

692
Q

Marc de Bourgogne is produced from what?

A

Distilled pomace

693
Q

Name the Grand Cru communes of the Côte de Nuits from north to south:

A
  1. Gevrey-Chambertin
  2. Morey-St-Denis
  3. Chambolle-Musigny
  4. Vougeot
  5. Flagey-Echézeaux
  6. Vosne-Romanée
694
Q

Name the Grand Cru of Gevrey-Chambertin from north to south:

A
  1. Mazis-Chambertin
  2. Ruchottes-Chambertin
  3. Chambertin Clos de Bèze
  4. Chapelle-Chambertin
  5. Griotte-Chambertin
  6. Chambertin
  7. Charmes-Chambertin
  8. Latricières-Chambertin
  9. Mazoyères-Chambertin
695
Q

Name the Grand Cru of Morey-St-Denis from north to south:

A
  1. Clos de la Roche
  2. Clos Saint-Denis
  3. Clos des Lambrays
  4. Clos de Tart
  5. Bonnes Mares
696
Q

Name the Grand Cru of Chambolle-Musigny from north to south:

A
  1. Bonnes Mares

2. Musigny

697
Q

Name the Grand Cru of Vougeout:

A

Clos de Vougeot

698
Q

Name the Grand Cru of Flagey-Echézeaux from north to south:

A
  1. Echézeaux

2. Grands-Echézeaux

699
Q

Name the Grand Cru of Vosne-Romanée from north to south:

A
  1. Richebourg
  2. Romanée-Saint-Vivant
  3. Romanée-Conti
  4. La Romanée
  5. La Grande Rue
  6. La Tâche
700
Q

Who is the monopole owner of La Romanée?

A

Domaine Liger-Belair

701
Q

Who is the monopole owner of Clos de Tart?

A

Artémis (François Pinault)

702
Q

When did Artémis purchase Clos de Tart?

A

2017

703
Q

Who was the owner of Clos de Tart prior to their sale to Artémis in 2017?

A

Mommessin (from 1932)

704
Q

Who is the monopole owner of La Grande Rue?

A

Domaine Lamarche

705
Q

What is the minimum potential alcohol for Chablis premier cru?

A

10.50% ABV

706
Q

Name a commune that is listed in Pouilly-Fuissé:

A
  1. Solutré
  2. Vergisson
  3. Chaintré
707
Q

Which producers have their headquarter in Beaune?

A
  1. Louis Jadot
  2. Joseph Drouhin
  3. Chanson
708
Q

Name a Premier Cru of Puligny-Montrachet

A
  1. Champ-Canet
  2. Les Referts
  3. La Garenne
709
Q

Name a Premier Cru by Vincent Dauvissat

A
  1. Séchet
  2. La Forest
  3. Vaillons
710
Q

In which Beaujolais appellation will you find the vineyard of La Madone?

A

Fleurie

711
Q

In which appellation will you find the vineyard of Grange-Charton?

A

Régnié

712
Q

In which appellation will you find the vineyard of Les Capitans?

A

Juliénas

713
Q

In which appellation will you find the vineyard of Côte du Py?

A

Morgon

714
Q

In which department will you most likely find the César grape?

A

Yonne

715
Q

What is fermage?

A

The leasing of land in Burgundy

716
Q

What is the term for the leasing of land in Burgundy?

A

Fermage

717
Q

Who produces l’Ancien?

A

Jean-Paul Brun

718
Q

In what year was the most recent Grand Cru of the Côte d’Or approved?

A

1992 (La Grande Rue)

719
Q

Which Grand Cru in Burgundy is the last one to be approved and when?

A

La Grande Rue (1992)

720
Q

Who is the monopole owner of Clos des Ruchottes?

A

Rousseau

721
Q

Which plot as a monopole does Rousseau hold in Gevrey-Chambertin?

A

Clos des Ruchottes in Ruchottes-Chambertin (1.1 ha)

722
Q

From which AOPs does Domaine Leflaive produced Grand Cru wines?

A
  1. Chevalier-Montrachet
  2. Montrachet
  3. Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet
  4. Bâtard-Montrachet
723
Q

Most vine rows in the Côte d’Or run in which orientation?

A

East to west

724
Q

Clos de Tavannes is a top a Premier Cru from which AOP?

A

Santenay

725
Q

What is the name of the Greek god of wine?

A

Dionysus

726
Q

What is the name of Roman god of wine?

A

Bacchus

727
Q

Modern day Retsina comes from which Greek region?

A

Attica

Sterea Ellada (Central Greece)

728
Q

Which grape variety is typically in the base of Retsina?

A

Savatiano

729
Q

When was the Greek War of Independence?

A

1821 - 1832

730
Q

What is the name of rosé style Retsina?

A

Kokkineli

731
Q

Which grape is most produced in Greece?

A

Savatiano (16.5%)

  • As of 2016
732
Q

Which seas surround Greece?

A
  1. Ionian sea (West)
  2. Aegean sea (East)
  3. Mediterranean sea (South)
  4. Libyan sea (South of Crete)
733
Q

Name the wine growing regions of Greece:

A
  1. Thrace
  2. Macedonia
  3. Epirus
  4. Thessalia
  5. Sterea Ellada
  6. Peloponnese
  7. Ionian Islands
  8. Aegean Islands
  9. Crete
734
Q

Key grapes of Thrace?

A
  1. Roditis

2. Limnio

735
Q

Key grape of Macedonia?

A

Xinomavro

736
Q

Key grape of Epirus?

A

Debina

737
Q

Key grapes of Thessalia?

A

Xinomavro

738
Q

Key grape of Sterea Ellada?

A

Savatiano

739
Q

Key grapes of Peloponnese?

A
  1. Agiorgitiko

2. Moschofilero

740
Q

Key grapes of the Ionian Islands?

A
  1. Robola

2. Tsaoussi

741
Q

Key grapes of the Aegean Islands?

A
  1. Assyrtiko
  2. Athiri
  3. Mandilaria
  4. Muscat
742
Q

Key grapes of Crete?

A
  1. Vidiano
  2. Vilana
  3. Liatiko
  4. Kotsifali
743
Q

What is the name for Greek grappa?

A

Tsipouro

744
Q

What is Tsipouro?

A

Greek grappa

745
Q

Which two Greek PDOs allow the production of international varieties?

A
  1. Slopes of Meliton (Macedonia)

2. Messenikola (Thessalia)

746
Q

What are the permitted red grape varieties of Slopes of Meliton PDO?

A
  1. Cabernet Sauvignon
  2. Limnio
  3. Cabernet Franc
747
Q

What are the permitted red grape varieties of Messenikola?

A
  1. Mavro Messenikola (min. 70%)

2. Syrah and Carignan (max. 30% combined)

748
Q

What is Verdea?

A

A traditional oxidised white wine from the Ionian island Zakynthos which is classified as one of the wines (Retsina the other) as a PGI.

749
Q

Which two traditional Greek wines are classified as PGI?

A
  1. Retsina

2. Verdea

750
Q

Define Greek Cava?

A
  • Refers to a minimum of oak ageing
  • For white and rosé wines, this is one year of ageing with at least six months in barrel
  • For reds, three years of ageing with at least one year in barrel
  • For PGI and Varietal wines only
751
Q

What is Asproudi?

A

A generic term for unknown white grapes

752
Q

What is Ktima?

A

Greek for ‘Estate’

753
Q

What is Paleomenos se vareli?

A

For PDO, PGI, and Varietal wines that are labelled with Cava, Reserve, or Grande Reserve. Indicates extended oak ageing beyond the required minimums.

754
Q

What is the most planted red grape variety in Santorini?

A

Mandilaria

755
Q

Which Greek grape variety is often compared to Nebbiolo and Pinot Noir?

A

Xinomavro

756
Q

What is the difference between Vinsanto and Vin Santo?

A

Vinsanto - Santorini, Greece

Vin Santo - Tuscany, Italy

757
Q

What is the main variety and required percentage in Vinsanto?

A

Assyrtiko (min. 51%)

758
Q

What is Greeks second largest city?

A

Thessaloniki

759
Q

Vin de liqueur of Champgne?

A

Ratafia

760
Q

Vin de liqueur of Cognac?

A

Pineau des Charentes

761
Q

Vin de liqueur of Armagnac?

A

Floc de Gascogne

762
Q

Vin de liqueur of Jura?

A

Macvin du Jura

763
Q

What is mistelle?

A

Wine must that is fortified prior to fermentation (vins de liqueur)

764
Q

In which Italian region can Schiava be predominately found?

A

Alto Adige

765
Q

Quintarelli is a producer in which Italian DOCG?

A

Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG

766
Q

Bartolo Mascarello is a producer in which Italian DOCG?

A

Barolo DOCG

767
Q

Ca’ del Bosco is a producer in which Italian DOCG?

A

Franciacorta DOCG

768
Q

Pieropan is a producer in which Italian DOC?

A

Soave Classico DOC

769
Q

Ar. Pe. Pe. is a producer associated to which Italian DOCG?

A

Valtellina Superiore DOCG

770
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Barbaresco normale?

A

26 months from November of harvest year with 9 months in oak

771
Q

Torcolato is a Breganze DOC passito wine made from which of the following grape varieties?

A

Vespaiola

772
Q

In which region is Breganze DOC?

A

Veneto

773
Q

What is the only grape used in Dogliani DOCG?

A

Dolcetto

774
Q

How long must Franciacorta DOCG wines be aged under lees?

A

18 months

775
Q

What is the principal grape variety used in the wines of the Carema, Boca, and Lessona DOCs?

A

Nebbiolo

776
Q

The Barolo and Barbaresco DOCGs are located along which River?

A

Tanaro

777
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Villero’?

A

Castiglione Falletto (22 ha)

778
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Cannubi’?

A

Barolo (20 ha)

779
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Ginestra’?

A

Monforte d’Alba (114 ha)

780
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Rocche dell’Annunziata’?

A

La Morra (30 ha)

781
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Langhe DOC?

A
  1. Bianco
  2. Rosato
  3. Rosso
782
Q

The Kerner grape was produced by crossing Schiava Grossa with which variety?

A

Riesling

783
Q

What is the region of origin for Ribolla Gialla?

A

Friuli

784
Q

What is the region of origin for Teroldego?

A

Trentino/Alto Adige

785
Q

What is the region of origin for Freisa?

A

Piemonte

786
Q

What is the region of origin for Pignoletto?

A

Emilia-Romagna

787
Q

Maroggia, Sassella, and Grumello are sub-zones of which appellation?

A

Valtellina Superiore DOCG

788
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Alta Langa DOCG?

A

Traditional method sparkling wines

789
Q

Which lake plays a moderating factor for Valpolicella DOC?

A

Lago di Garda

790
Q

Barolo’s principal geological formations were formed in which eras?

A
  1. Langhien (16-14 million years ago)
  2. Serravallian (14-11 million years ago)
  3. Tortonian (12-7 million years ago)
791
Q

Which two Barolo soil formations are known as ‘Helvetian’?

A
  1. Langhien

2. Serravallian

792
Q

Langhien and Serravallian formations are known as what?

A

Helvetian

793
Q

Barolo and La Morra are situated on which soil?

A

Tortonian bedrock

794
Q

Monforte d’Alba, Castiglione Falletto and Serralunga d’Alba are situated in which soil?

A

Serravallian bedrock

795
Q

Which soils in Barolo tend to contain more calcerous marl?

A

Tortonian bedrock

796
Q

Which soils in Barolo tend to contain more sandstone and tend to be less fertile?

A

Serravallian bedrock

797
Q

Raboso is the principal grape variety in which Italian DOCGs?

A
  1. Piave Malanotte DOCG (Veneto)

2. Friularo di Bagnoli DOCG (Friuli-Venezia Giula)

798
Q

What is the minimum required elevation for vineyards used to produce Barolo DOCG wines?

A

170 metres

799
Q

The Cialla sub zone can be found in which DOCG?

A

Colli Orientali del Picolit DOCG

800
Q

Which producer makes ‘Quartz’?

A

Cantina Terlano

801
Q

Which producer makes ‘Cuvée Annamaria Clementi’?

A

Ca’ del Bosco

802
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Corvina required in a Valpolicella DOC blend?

A

45%

803
Q

Malvira is a producer associated to which Italian DOCG?

A

Roero DOCG

804
Q

Braida is a producer associated to which Italian DOCG?

A

Barbera d’Asti DOCG

805
Q

Rovellotti is a producer associated to which Italian DOCG?

A

Ghemme DOCG

806
Q

La Scolca is a producer associated to which Italian DOCG?

A

Gavi DOCG

807
Q

What is the name of the sub zone in Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco?

A

Cartizze

808
Q

What is the highest ABV that a Moscato d’Asti DOCG wine can possess?

A

6.5%

809
Q

Alto Adige DOC white blends require a minimum 75% of which grapes?

A
  1. Chardonnay
  2. Pinot Bianco
  3. Pinot Grigio
810
Q

Picoutener is a synonym for ?

A

Chiavennasca

811
Q

Ormeaso is a synonym for?

A

Dolcetto

812
Q

Trebbiano di Soave is a synonym for?

A

Verdicchio

813
Q

Favorita is a synonym for?

A

Vermentino

814
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Arborina’?

A

La Morra

815
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Vigna Rionda’?

A

Serralunga d’Alba

816
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Bussia’?

A
  1. Monforte d’Alba (292 ha)

2. Barolo (7 ha)

817
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Bricco della Viole’

A

Barolo

818
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Monprivato’?

A

Castiglione Falletto

819
Q

The Valpantena sub zone of the Valpolicella region lies in what direction from the Classico sub zone?

A

East

820
Q

What style of wine does Moscato di Scanzo DOCG produce?

A

Passito style dessert reds

821
Q

Red wines produced with the grape locally known as Terrana are found in which Italian DOC?

A

Carso DOC

822
Q

Which Valle d’Aosta DOC sub zone produces dry varietal Moscato Bianco wines?

A

Chambave

823
Q

What is the minimum length of time that a Barbaresco Riserva wine is required to spend in oak?

A

9 months

824
Q

What are the principal soils of Franciacorta DOCG?

A
  1. Moraine (Glacial debris)
  2. Limestone
  3. Volcanic material
825
Q

Which producer makes ‘Percristina’?

A

Domenico Clerico

826
Q

Which producer makes ‘Alzero’?

A

Giuseppe Quinatrelli

827
Q

Which producer makes ‘Puro’?

A

Movia

828
Q

When was the Italian DOC system introduced?

A

1963

829
Q

Which DOCs were the first to be promoted to DOCG and when?

A
  1. Barolo
  2. Brunello di Montalcino
  3. Vino Nobile di Montepulciano

1980

830
Q

What is the last Italian DOC to have been promoted to DOCG?

As of 2020

A

Terre Tollesi / Tullum (Abruzzo)

DOCG since 2019

831
Q

Which river cuts through Piemonte?

A

Po

832
Q

What is Piedmont’s most planted white variety?

A

Moscat Bianco (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)

833
Q

In which province will you find Barolo and Barbaresco?

A

Cuneo

834
Q

In which Barbaresco DOCG commune is the cru ‘Rabajà’?

A

Barbaresco

835
Q

When were the crus of Barbaresco and Barolo established?

A

2007 - Barbaresco

2010 - Barolo

836
Q

What is Barolo Chinato flavoured with?

A

Quinine

837
Q

When was Roero elevated to DOCG?

A

2004

838
Q

Roero lies north of which river?

A

Tanaro

839
Q

Which river separates Gattinara DOCG and Ghemme DOCG?

A

Sesia

840
Q

Definition of ‘Vigna’ in Barolo:

A

Single vineyard plot wine: 100% of grapes must come from a named vineyard and plot used in conjunction with a geographic designation

841
Q

Ageing requirements for Barolo:

A

Barolo: 38 months from November 1 of the harvest year, including 18 months in wood

Barolo Riserva: 62 months from November 1 of the harvest year, including 18 months in wood

842
Q

Minimum alcohol for Barolo:

A

Barolo: 13% (12.5% potential at harvest) - includes Normale, Riserva, and ‘menzioni geografiche aggiuntive’

Barolo with ‘menzioni geografiche aggiuntive’ and ‘Vigna’ at harvest: 13%

843
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Monvigliero’?

A

Verduno (26 ha)

844
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Brunate’?

A
  1. La Morra (19 ha)

2. Barolo (9 ha)

845
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Cerequio’?

A
  1. La Morra (18 ha)

2. Barolo (6 ha)

846
Q

Who produces a Barolo wine from the single vineyard ‘Vigna San Giuseppe’?

A

Cavallotto

847
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Bricco Boschis’?

A

Castiglione Falletto (18 ha)

848
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Francia’?

A

Serralunga d’Alba (16 ha)

849
Q

Who is the monopole owner of the cru site ‘Francia’ in Barolo DOCG?

A

Giacomo Conterno

850
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Fontanafredda’?

A

Serralunga d’Alba (58 ha)

851
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Castello’?

A

Grinzane Cavour (9 ha)

852
Q

Top wines produced by Giacomo Conterno:

A
  1. Barolo Monfortino (Inaugural vintage 1920)
  2. Barolo Cascina Francia (Inaugural vintage 1978)
  3. Barbera d’Alba Cascina Francia
  4. Nebbiolo d’Alba Ceretta
853
Q

Which winery is considered the father of the classic Barolo style?

A

Giacomo Conterno

854
Q

Which winery was the first to sell Barolo in bottle, rather than cask or demi john?

A

Comm. G.B. Burlotto

855
Q

Who founded Comm. G.B. Burlotto?

A

Commandatore Giovanni Batista Burlotto

856
Q

Where is the winery of Giacomo Conterno?

A

Monforte d’Alba, Barolo DOCG

857
Q

Top wines produced by Comm. G.B. Burlotto:

A
  1. Barolo Monvigliero (Inaugural vintage 1982)
  2. Barolo Acclivi (Inaugural vintage 1982)
  3. Barolo Neirane (Inaugural vintage 1999)
  4. Verduno Pelaverga
858
Q

From which rare and ancient grape variety does Comm. G.B. Burlotto produce a wine?

A

Pelaverga

859
Q

Where is the winery of Comm. G.B. Burlotto?

A

Verduno, Barolo DOCG

860
Q

Where is the winery of Fratelli Alessandria?

A

Verduno, Barolo DOCG

861
Q

Top wines produced by Fratelli Alessandria?

A
  1. Barolo Monvigliero
  2. Barolo San Lorenzo di Verduno
  3. Barolo Gramolere
862
Q

Where is the winery of Castello di Verduno?

A

Verduno, Barolo

863
Q

Top wines produced by Castello di Verduno?

A
  1. Barolo Monvigliero
  2. Barolo Massara
  3. Barbaresco Rabajà
864
Q

Where is the winery of Vietti?

A

Castiglione Falletto

865
Q

Top wines produced by Vietti:

A
  1. Barolo Villero
  2. Barbaresco Rabajà
  3. Barolo Rocche di Castiglione
  4. Roero Arneis
866
Q

Who is considered the father of Arneis?

A

Alfredo Currado (Vietti)

867
Q

Where is the winery of Fratelli Brovia?

A

Castiglione Falletto

868
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Brea’?

A

Serralunga d’Alba (11 ha)

869
Q

Top wines produced by Fratelli Brovia?

A
  1. Barolo Villero
  2. Barolo Ca’Mia
  3. Barolo Garblet Suè
870
Q

Where is the winery of Bartolo Mascarello?

A

Barolo

871
Q

Top wines produced by Bartolo Mascarello?

A
  1. Barolo
  2. Barbera d’Alba
  3. Dolcetto d’Alba
872
Q

Who produced ‘No Barrique, No Berlusconi’?

A

Bartolo Mascarello

873
Q

Where is the winery of Giuseppe Mascarello?

A

Castiglione Falletto

874
Q

Top wines produced by Giuseppe Mascarello?

A
  1. Barolo Riserva Monprivato Ca’ d’Morissio (Inaugural vintage 1993)
  2. Barolo Monprivato (Inaugural vintage 1970)
  3. Barolo Santo Stefano
  4. Barolo Villero
875
Q

Where is the winery of Cavallotto Fratelli?

A

Castiglione Falletto

876
Q

Who is the monopole owner of the cru site ‘Bricco Boschis’?

A

Cavallotto Fratelli

877
Q

Top wines produced by Cavallotto Fratelli?

A
  1. Barolo Bricco Boschis

2. Barolo Boschis Vigna San Giuseppe

878
Q

Where is the winery Elio Altare?

A

La Morra

879
Q

Top wines produced by Elio Altare?

A
  1. Barolo Arborina
  2. Barolo Brunate
  3. Barolo Cerretta
880
Q

Where is the winery Roberto Voerzio?

A

La Morra

881
Q

Top wines produced by Roberto Voerzio?

A
  1. Barolo Brunate
  2. Barolo Cerequio
  3. Barolo La Serra
882
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘La Serra’?

A

La Morra (18 ha)

883
Q

Which sea is south, not far from Piemonte?

A

Ligurian sea

884
Q

Name the clones of Nebbiolo used in Piemonte:

A
  1. Michet
  2. Lampià
  3. Rosé
885
Q

Traditional large-format wood tanks used to age Barolo are called:

A

Botti

886
Q

Which city lies between Barolo and Barbaresco?

A

Alba

887
Q

What is the Italian term for a dry rosé made in Barolo?

A

Chiaretto

888
Q

Who pioneered the first known examples of dry, still Barolo wines and when?

A

Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, with consultants Paolo Francesco Staglieno and Louis Oudart in the early 1840s

889
Q

How are the individual cru sites called in Barolo?

A

MGA

Menzioni Geografiche Aggiuntive

890
Q

In order to indicate a Menzioni Geografiche Aggiuntive (MGA) on a Barolo label, what percentage of grapes must come from that MGA?

A

85%

891
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Gattera’?

A

La Morra (30 ha)

892
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Le Coste’?

A

Barolo (6 ha)

893
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Fiasco’?

A

Castiglione Falletto (8 ha)

894
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Perno’?

A

Monforte d’Alba (191 ha)

895
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Gabutti’?

A

Serralunga d’Alba (14 ha)

896
Q

In which Barolo DOCG commune is the cru ‘Lazzarito’?

A

Serralunga d’Alba (30 ha)

897
Q

How is Barolo Chinato most often consumed?

A

As a digestivo

898
Q

In which era were the first vineyard designated Barolo wines bottles

A

1960s

899
Q

Which producers are often cited as pioneers of the ‘modernist’ movement?

A
  1. Elio Altare
  2. Angelo Gaja
  3. Domenico Clerico
900
Q

Typical dishes from Piemonte?

A
  1. Agnolotti (stuffed pasta)
  2. Bra (raw cow’s milk cheese)
  3. Bagna Cauda (sauce made of anchovies and garlic emulsified in oil)
  4. Vitello Tonnato (roast veal with tuna, caper and mayonnaise sauce)
  5. Tajarin (egg pasta)
  6. Brasato al Barolo (slow braised beef cooked in Barolo)
  7. Castelmagno (semi hard raw cow’s milk cheese)
  8. Risotto al Barolo
901
Q

How are the prized south facing slopes in Piemonte called?

A

Sorì

902
Q

Minimum alcohol requirements for Barbaresco?

A

12.5%

903
Q

Ageing requirements for Barbaresco?

A

Barbaresco: Minimum 26 months from November 1 of the harvest year (minimum 9 months in wood), may be released after January 1 of the third year following the harvest

Barbaresco Riserva: Minimum 50 months from November 1 of the harvest year (minimum 9 months in wood), may be released after January 1 of the fifth year following the harvest

904
Q

Principal soil type of Barbaresco?

A

Tortonian calcerous marl

905
Q

Barbaresco communes of production?

A
  1. Barbaresco
  2. Neive
  3. Treiso (a frazione of Barbaresco)
  4. San Rocco Senodelvio (part of Alba)
906
Q

Where is the winery Produttori del Barbaresco?

A

Barbaresco

907
Q

What year was Produttori del Barbaresco established?

A

1958

908
Q

Top wines produced by Produttori del Barbaresco?

A
  1. Barbaresco Rabajà (Inaugural vintage 1967)
  2. Barbaresco Montestefano
  3. Barbaresco Asili
  4. Barbaresco Pora (Inaugural vintage 1967)
  5. Barbaresco Ovello (Inaugural vintage 1970)
909
Q

Where is the winery Bruno Giacosa?

A

Neive

910
Q

Top wines produced by Bruno Giacosa?

A
  1. Barbaresco Santo Stefano di Neive (Inaugural vintage 1964)
  2. Barbaresco Asili
  3. Barbaresco Rabajà
  4. Barolo Falletto
911
Q

Where is the winery Angelo Gaja?

A

Barbaresco

912
Q

Top wines produced by Angelo Gaja?

A
  1. Barbaresco Costa Russi (Langhe DOC 1996 - 2012 / Inaugural vintage 1978)
  2. Barbaresco Sorì Tildin (Langhe DOC 1996 - 2012 / Inaugural vintage 1970)
  3. Barbaresco Sorì San Lorenzo (Langhe DOC 1996 - 2012 / Inaugural vintage 1967)
  4. Barolo Sperrs (Langhe DOC 1996 - 2012 / Inaugural vintage 1988)
  5. Langhe Cabernet Darmagi (Inaugural vintage 1982)
913
Q

Top wines produced by Ceretto?

A
  1. Barolo Bricco Rocche
  2. Barolo Bricco Rocche Brunate
  3. Barolo Bricco Rocche Prapo
  4. Barbaresco Bricco Asili
  5. Barolo Cannubi San Lorenzo
914
Q

Where are the wineries of Ceretto?

A
  1. Barolo (Bricco Rocche)

2. Barbaresco (Bricco Asili)

915
Q

Top wines produced by Cigliuti?

A
  1. Barbaresco Serraboella

2. Barbaresco Vie Erte

916
Q

Where is the winery Cigliuti?

A

Neive

917
Q

Where is the winery Giuseppe Cortese?

A

Barbaresco

918
Q

Top wines produced by Giuseppe Cortese?

A
  1. Barbaresco Rabajà (Riserva only in great years too)

2. Langhe, ‘Scapulin’ Chardonnay

919
Q

Where is the winery Moccagatta?

A

Barbaresco

920
Q

Top wines produced by Moccagatta?

A
  1. Barbaresco Cole
  2. Barbaresco Basarin
  3. Barbaresco Bric Balin
921
Q

Where is the winery Nada Fiorenzo?

A

Treiso

922
Q

Top wines produced by Nada Fiorenzo?

A
  1. Barbaresco Montaribaldi
  2. Barbaresco Rombone
  3. Barbaresco Manzola
923
Q

Where is the winery Rizzi?

A

Treiso

924
Q

Top wines produced by Rizzi?

A
  1. Barbaresco Pajorè
  2. Barbaresco Nervo
  3. Barbaresco Boito (Vigna in Rizzi)
925
Q

Where is the winery Albino Rocca?

A

Barbaresco

926
Q

Top wines produced by Albino Rocca?

A
  1. Barbaresco ‘Angelo’ (Dedicated to his father)
  2. Barbaresco Ovello Vigna Loreto
  3. Barbaresco Ronchi
  4. Barbaresco Cottà
927
Q

Where is the winery Bruno Rocca?

A

Barbaresco

928
Q

Top wines produced by Bruno Rocca?

A
  1. Barbaresco Rabajà
  2. Barbaresco ‘Maria Adelaide’ (Dedicated to his mother)
  3. Barbaresco Currà Riserva
929
Q

Where is the winery Sottimano?

A

Neive

930
Q

Top wines produced by Sottimano?

A
  1. Barbaresco Cottà
  2. Barbaresco Pajorè
  3. Barbaresco Fausoni
  4. Barbaresco Currà
  5. Barbaresco Basarin
931
Q

Where is the winery Castello di Neive?

A

Neive

932
Q

Top wines produced by Castello di Neive?

A
  1. Barbaresco Santo Stefano (Vigna in Albesani)
  2. Barbaresco Gallina
  3. Langhe Arneis, Montebertotto
933
Q

When was wine labelled as Barbaresco first produced and by who?

A

1894 by Cantina Sociale di Barbaresco

934
Q

Who founded Produttori del Barbaresco?

A

Don Fiorino Marengo

935
Q

In which Barbaresco DOCG commune is the cru ‘Montestefano’?

A

Barbaresco

936
Q

In which Barbaresco DOCG commune is the cru ‘Asili’?

A

Barbaresco

937
Q

In which Barbaresco DOCG commune is the cru ‘Martinenga’?

A

Barbaresco

938
Q

Who is the the monopole owner of ‘Barbaresco Martinenga’?

A

Marchesi de Gresy

939
Q

In which Barbaresco DOCG commune is the cru ‘Rabajà’?

A

Barbaresco

940
Q

In which Barbaresco DOCG commune is the cru ‘Albesani’?

A

Neive

941
Q

In which Barbaresco DOCG commune is the cru ‘Pora’?

A

Barbaresco

942
Q

In which Barbaresco DOCG commune is the cru ‘Pajorè’?

A

Treiso

943
Q

In which Barbaresco DOCG commune is the cru ‘Roncagliette’?

A

Barbaresco

944
Q

Which two famous Vigna are located in Roncagliette?

A
  1. Sorì Tildin
  2. Costa Russi

Both owned by Angelo Gaja

945
Q

Which famous Vigna is located in Secondine?

A

Sorì San Lorenzo

Owned by Angelo Gaja

946
Q

Where is the winery Tenute Cisa Asinari dei Marchesi di Grésy?

A

Barbaresco

947
Q

Top wines produced by Tenute Cisa Asinari dei Marchesi di Grésy?

A
  1. Barbaresco Camp Gros Martinenga

2. Barbaresco Gaiun Martinenga

948
Q

Which famous Vigna are located in Martinenga?

A
  1. Camp Gros

2. Gaiun

949
Q

In which Barbaresco DOCG commune is the cru ‘Rio Sordo’?

A

Barbaresco

950
Q

In which Barbaresco DOCG commune is the cru ‘Gallina’?

A

Neive

951
Q

In which Barbaresco DOCG commune is the cru ‘Nervo’?

A

Treiso

952
Q

Sparkling wine from Asti is usually made with which method?

A

Martinotti method (Charmat)

953
Q

Which appellation is the biggest producer of in Piemonte?

A

Asti

954
Q

Who created the first Moscato Spumante style and when?

A

Carlo Gancia in the 1870s

955
Q

What were the first sparkling wines from Asti labelled as?

A

Moscato Champagne

956
Q

What is the typical soil type of Asti?

A

White, calcium carbonate rich

957
Q

Synonym for the Charmat method?

A
  1. Asti method
  2. Metodo Italiano
  3. Cuve Close
958
Q

What are the alcohol levels of finished wines from Asti DOCG?

A

6-9.5% ABV

959
Q

What is the principal grape of Asti?

A

100% Moscato Bianco

960
Q

What are the alcohol levels of finished wines from Moscato d’Asti DOCG?

A

4-6.5% ABV

961
Q

What is the only DOCG in Piemonte to allow both red and white wine?

A

Roero DOCG

962
Q

What is the largest by volume producing region of Piemonte?

A

Barbera d’Asti DOCG

963
Q

Barbera d’Asti DOCG is located within which range of hills?

A

Monferrato hills

964
Q

What are two sub zones of Barbera d’Asti DOCG?

A
  1. Tinella

2. Colli Astiani

965
Q

What styles of wine can be made in Barbera d’Asti?

A
  1. Normale

2. Riserva

966
Q

What is the minimum requirement of Barbera grapes in Barbera d’Asti?

A

90%

967
Q

What type of soil is typical for Gavi DOCG?

A
  1. Beige iron and magnesium rich clay

2. White, calcareous marl interspersed with sand

968
Q

Who promoted Gavi and made it become Italy’s most expensive dry white in the 1970s?

A

Vittorio Soldati from La Scolca

969
Q

Which lakes have a moderating influence on Alto Piemonte?

A
  1. Lago Maggiore

2. Lago d’Orta

970
Q

Which grapes in Alto Piemonte are usually blended in with Nebbiolo?

A
  1. Vespolina
  2. Uva Rara
  3. Bonarda
  4. Croatina
971
Q

Name the appellations of Alto Piemonte:

A
  1. Gattinara DOCG
  2. Ghemme DOCG
  3. Bramaterra DOC
  4. Lessona DOC
  5. Sizzano DOC
  6. Fara DOC
  7. Boca DOC
972
Q

Nebbiolo is known in Gattinara DOCG as?

A

Spanna

973
Q

Grape requirements in Gattinara DOCG?

A

90% Spanna

Max. 10% Bonarda di Gattinara and Vespolina (Vespolina can’t exceed 4%)

974
Q

Ageing requirements for Gattinara DOCG?

A

Normale: Min. 35 months, including 24 months in oak

Riserva: Min. 47 months, including 36 months in oak

975
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG?

A
  1. Bianco
  2. Spumante (Metodo classico)
  3. Passito
  4. Passito Riserva
976
Q

Under what name are Barbera wines usually labelled from grapes grown in Barolo/Barbaresco?

A

Barbera d’Alba DOC

977
Q

What are the principal grapes of Alta Langa DOCG?

A
  1. Pinot Nero
  2. Chardonnay

Minimum 90%

Max. 10% other non-aromatic varieties suitable for cultivation in Piemonte

978
Q

What is the principal grape of Carema DOC?

A

Min. 85% Nebbiolo

Maximum 15% other red grapes suitable for cultivation in Piemonte

979
Q

What is the principal grape of Dogliani DOCG?

A

100% Dolcetto

980
Q

What is the principal grape of Diano d’Alba DOCG?

A

100% Dolcetto

981
Q

What is koji-kin?

A

The green, powdery mould that is grown for about 2 days on steamed sake rice

982
Q

What is junmai daiginjo?

A

Rice polished to at least 50% with no added alcohol

983
Q

What is genshu?

A

Sake that is undiluted

984
Q

What is ginjo?

A

Sake made with rice polished to at least 60%

985
Q

What is daiginjo?

A

Sake made with rice polished to at least 50%

986
Q

What is nama-zake?

A

Sake that is unpasteurised

987
Q

What is seimaibuai?

A

Measure of how much rice remains on the kernel after polishing

988
Q

What type of organism is koji?

A

Fungus

989
Q

What is the literal translation of junmai?

A

Pure rice

990
Q

Which type of rice is considered ‘King of sake rice’?

A

Yamada-Nishiki

991
Q

What quality level has futsu-shu?

A

Non premium sake

992
Q

What quality level has honjozo-shu?

A

Premium sake

993
Q

What quality level has junmai-ginjo-shu?

A

Super premium sake

994
Q

In what sizes would you find Japanese sake bottles?

A
  1. 300 ml
  2. 720 ml
  3. 1800 ml
995
Q

What is the term for the head brewer at a kura?

A

Toji

996
Q

What is the name of the sake value meter?

A

Nihonshudo

997
Q

What is the best way to serve quality sake?

A

Lightly chilled or at room temperature

998
Q

What is nigori sake?

A

Sake that is unfiltered

999
Q

What is taruzake?

A

Sake that is aged in wooden barrels (Japanese cedar)

1000
Q

What is jizake?

A

Sake from a smaller brewery (Kura)

1001
Q

How do you call a sake brewery?

A

Kura

1002
Q

How do you call unpasteurised sake?

A

Nama-zake

1003
Q

How do you call unfiltered sake?

A

Nigori sake

1004
Q

How do you call sake that has been aged in wooden barrels?

A

Taruzake

1005
Q

How do you call sake that is undiluted?

A

Genshu sake

1006
Q

What would you decant a sake bottle in?

A

Tokkuri

1007
Q

What is a tokkuri?

A

A ceramic, narrow-neck flash which is traditionally used to decant sake

1008
Q

In what would you pour the sake from a tokkuri?

A

Into ochoko cups or for more traditional ceremonies, into sakuzaki cups

1009
Q

What is a ochoko?

A

Small, cylindrical cups where gets poured from a tokkuri

1010
Q

What is junmai?

A

Rice polished to at least 70% with no added alcohol

1011
Q

What is honjozo?

A

Rice polished to at least 70% with added alcohol

1012
Q

What is ginjo?

A

Rice polished to at least 60% with added alcohol

1013
Q

What is junmai ginjo?

A

Rice polished to at least 60% with no added alcohol

1014
Q

What is daiginjo?

A

Rice polished to at least 50% with added alcohol

1015
Q

What is shinpaku?

A

The pure, starchy heart of a rice grain

1016
Q

How do you call the pure, starchy heart of a rice grain?

A

Shinpaku

1017
Q

What type of fermentation is used in the production of sake?

A

Multiple parallel fermentation (MPF)

1018
Q

Describe the multiple parallel fermentation of sake:

A

Both yeasts and koji (mould) work at the same time to produce sake

Koji turns the starch of the rice grain into sugar, and the yeasts turns the sugar into alcohol

1019
Q

How do you call the fermentation starter in sake production?

A

Moto or Shubo

1020
Q

Describe moto:

A

After the steamed rice is cultivated with the mould, it is called koji

Yeast, additional rice and water added to the koji create the moto. This moto is then cultivated for two weeks

Koji, water and steamed rice are added to the moto in three successive stages that doubles in size which creates the moromi (fermenting mash)

1021
Q

Describe moromi:

A

Moromi is the main fermentation

Once the final addition of adding koji, water and steamed rice has been made, the sake will ferment for up to 45 days

During this time the sake will reach around 20% ABV which will be diluted with water to lower the alcohol at around 17% ABV

The sake is then pressed, usually filtered and pasteurised

1022
Q

What flavours are enhanced by the use of kimoto-moto?

A
  1. Sweetness

2. Acidity

1023
Q

Shubo is a synonym for what?

A

Moto (fermentation starter)

1024
Q

What is koji-muro?

A

The room where koji is grown on rice

1025
Q

Moto is a synonym for what?

A

Shubo (fermentation starter)

1026
Q

What kind of mineral is not desiarable in water for sake production?

A

Iron

1027
Q

How long is the typical fermentation for daiginjo graded sake?

A

Around 35-40 days

1028
Q

How many sake breweries exist in Japan?

A

Around 500-1500

1029
Q

What is the most appropriate way to serve tokubetsu honjozo?

A

‘Special’ honjozo

A honjozo that is made with 100% sake rice and polished to ginjo level (min. 60%)

1030
Q

Describe tokubetsu:

A

Tokubetsu literally translated means ‘Special’

It is given the name to either junmai or honjozo sake that have been produced with 100% sake rice and polished to ginjo level (min. 60%)

1031
Q

What is the most appropriate way to serve junmai daiginjo?

A

In lacquer-ware, serve at room temperature

1032
Q

What is the most appropriate way to serve yamahai-shikomi?

A

In a white wine glass, between 7-13°C

1033
Q

What is yamahai-shikomi?

A

Yamahai skips the step of making a paste out of the starter mash

That step of the kimoto method is known as yama-oroshi, and the full name for yamahai is ‘yama-oroshi haishi’, meaning ‘discontinuation of yama-oroshi’

While the yamahai method way originally developed to speed production time, it is slower than the modern method and is now used only speciality brews for the earthy, gamy flavours it produces

1034
Q

What is kimoto?

A

The traditional orthodox method for preparing the starter mash, which includes the laborious process of grinding it into a paste

This method was the standard for 300 years, but it is rare today

1035
Q

Junmai daiginjo and junmai ginjo make up approximately what percentage of all sake production?

A

5-6%

1036
Q

How long goes koji-kin normally take to form?

A

2-3 days

1037
Q

What ius the main requirement for koshu sake?

A

It is aged for an extended period of time before release

It can age for decades, turning yellow and acquiring a honeyed flavour

1038
Q

What type of sake can be aged for up to decades?

A

Koshu sake

1039
Q

How do you call the square wooden box used for drinking sake?

A

Masu

1040
Q

What is the standard size for a masu?

A

180 ml or one gō

1041
Q

What type of koji-kin is most commonly used in making sake?

A

Yellow

1042
Q

What is jizake?

A

Local sake made by small brewers, similar to a ‘micro brewery’

1043
Q

How do you call sake made by small local breweries?

A

Jizake

1044
Q

What is sandan shikomi?

A

The three additions of moto that gradually build up to a full fermentation tank of sake

1045
Q

How do you call the three stage process of adding water, rice and koji to the moromi?

A

Sandan shikomi

1046
Q

What is futsu-shu?

A

Ordinary sake (70-93% seimaibuai)

1047
Q

How do you call ordinary sake?

A

Futsu-shu

1048
Q

What is shizuku?

A

‘Free-run’ sake made by hanging bags of the main mash only bottling what drips out

1049
Q

How do you call the ‘free-run’ sake process?

A

Shizuku

1050
Q

Name a sake rice variety:

A
  1. Yamada-Nishiki
  2. Omachi
  3. Gohyakumangoku
  4. Dewasansan
  5. Hidahomare
  6. Tamazakae
  7. Kame-no-O
  8. Miyami Nishiki
  9. Oseko
  10. Hatta Nishiki
1051
Q

What is muroka sake?

A

Sake that does not undergo carbon filtration but has been pressed and separated from the lees thus making it clear, not cloudy

1052
Q

What is mushimai?

A

Steamed rice

1053
Q

How do you call steamd rice?

A

Mushimai

1054
Q

What is kasu?

A

The pressed, solid sake lees after pressing and filtering

1055
Q

What is kasu used for?

A

Making pickles, feeding livestock and shochu (an ingredient in dishes like a kasu soup)

1056
Q

How do you call the solid sake lees that are left after pressing and filtration?

A

Kasu

1057
Q

What aromas does the ester ‘ethyl carpoate’ produce in sake?

A

Apple, tropical fruit and anise

1058
Q

Which sake rice variety is only grown in Yamagata?

A

Dewasansan

1059
Q

Where is dewasansan grown?

A

Yamagata

1060
Q

What is dewasansan?

A

A sake rice variety

1061
Q

What is gohyakumangoku?

A

A sake rice variety

1062
Q

What aromas are typically associated with ginjo-ka?

A

Melon, pear and lychee

1063
Q

What does ka in Japanese mean?

A

Aroma or fragrance

1064
Q

What is the word of aroma or fragrance in Japanese?

A

Ka

1065
Q

During which season is hiyaoroshi released?

A

Autumn

1066
Q

What is hiyaoroshi?

A

Sake that is released in autumn

1067
Q

How much volume is in a yongobin?

A

720 ml or four gō

1068
Q

What is a yongobin?

A

A 720 ml or four gō bottle

1069
Q

How do you call a 720 ml bottle of sake?

A

Yongobin

1070
Q

Name a method of preparing the yeast starter that does not have lactic added prior to fermentation:

A
  1. Kimono
  2. Bodai moto
  3. Yamahai
1071
Q

What is amakuchi?

A

A sweeter than neutral style of sake

1072
Q

How do you call sake that is sweeter than neutral styles of sake?

A

Amakuchi

1073
Q

What is karakuchi?

A

A dryer than neutral style of sake

1074
Q

How do you call sake that is dryer than neutral styles of sake?

A

Karakuchi

1075
Q

Name a cost cutting method that is allowed in the production of an economic style of premium sake:

A
  1. Using a continuous rice steamer instead of steaming in individual batches
  2. Using table rice instead of certified sake rice
  3. Using a mechanised koji machine instead of handmade koji
1076
Q

What is a sugitama?

A

A traditional ornament that is hung outside the kura when new sake is brewed

1077
Q

What is the name of the traditional ornament that is hung outside of a kura when new sake is brewed?

A

Sugitama

1078
Q

When is sake rice harvest?

A

Late September to early October

1079
Q

What is kijoshu?

A

A complex sake that is made by replacing some of the water used during the third addition brewing

1080
Q

Toso is a special sake served around which occasion?

A

New year’s celebration

1081
Q

Which special sake is served around new year’s celebrations?

A

Toso

1082
Q

What is a toji?

A

The head brewer at a kura

1083
Q

Which toji guild will you find in Iwate?

A

Nanbu

1084
Q

The Nanbu guild is from where?

A

Iwate

1085
Q

Which toji guild will you find in Hyogo?

A

Tamba

1086
Q

The Tamba guild is from where?

A

Hyogo

1087
Q

Which toji guild will you find in Niigata?

A

Echigo

1088
Q

The Echigo guild is from where?

A

Niigata

1089
Q

Which sake producing region of Japan is known for soft, low mineral water?

A

Kanagawa

1090
Q

What type of mineral water will you find in Kanagawa?

A

Soft, low mineral water

1091
Q

What is assaku-ki?

A

Machinery used to separate moromi into sake and sake kasu by pressing

1092
Q

What is the name of the machinery used to separate sake from sake kasu by pressing?

A

Assaku-ki

1093
Q

What is the difference between ko-on toka moto and sokujo moto?

A

Sokujo moto takes an average 14 days, while ko-on toka moto takes significantly less time

1094
Q

What is ko-on toka moto?

A

A method of making moto in a significantly shorter time with high temperature saccharification (55-58°C)

1095
Q

What is saccharification?

A

The process of breaking down complex carbohydrates like rice, corn, grain, etc. into basic forms of sugar (monosaccharide)

1096
Q

Where can you find Yamada Nishiki rice?

A
  1. Hyogo
  2. Okayama
  3. Fukuoka
1097
Q

What happens on day one of the sandan shikomi?

A

Hatsu-zoe

The first stage of the mashing process

For that, materials equivalent to roughly twice the amount of the yeast starter is mashed

1098
Q

What is sandan shikomi?

A

The system of mashing in three stages

1099
Q

What happens on day two of sandan shikomi?

A

Odori

A day of rest after the Hatsu-zoe stage

1100
Q

What is odori?

A

Day of rest after stage on of the sandan shikomi (mashing process)

1101
Q

What happens on day three of sandan shikomi?

A

Naka-zoe

The second stage of the mashing process

The volume will be doubled to that of the hatsu-zoe

1102
Q

What is naka-zoe?

A

The second stage of the three stage mashing process

1103
Q

What is hatsu-zoe?

A

The first stage of the three stage mashing process

1104
Q

What is tome-zoe?

A

The third stage of the three stage mashing process

1105
Q

What happens on day four of sandan shikomi?

A

Tome-zoe

The third stage of the mashing process

The volume will be doubled to that of the naka-zoe

1106
Q

How many days does the three stage mashing last and what are they called?

A

4 days

Day 1: Hatsu-zoe (Stage 1)
Day 2: Odori (Rest day)
Day 3: Naka-zoe (Stage 2)
Day 4: Tome-zoe (Stage 3)

1107
Q

Due in part to its renowned water quality, which prefecture has the highest concentratino of kura today?

A

Hyogo

1108
Q

What is the maximum acceptable temperature of koji during koji production?

A

44°C

1109
Q

What is the typical kasu-buai of daiginjo?

A

40-60%

1110
Q

What is kasu-buai?

A

The ratio of sake lees to sake

1111
Q

What is seishu?

A

The Japanese definiton of sake

1112
Q

Compare sake rice to ordinary table rice:

A
  1. Sake rice grows to be about 25% taller than table rice
  2. The width of a grain of sake rice is 20% larger than of table rice
  3. Sake rice has more starch and less fat than table rice
1113
Q

What is required to be listed on a Japanese sake label?

A

Raw ingredients other than water

1114
Q

Nigori junmai
Kyoto
Producer: Gekkeikan

A

Milky colour, creamy texture with coconut taste

Served chilled or on the rocks

1115
Q

Kotsuzumi Rojo-hana-ari junmai daiginjo

A

White chocolate, banana and vanilla taste

Served chilled or on the rocks

1116
Q

Zaku Miyabi no-tomo junmai daiginjo
Suzuka
Producer: Shimizu
Seizaburo Shoten

A

Sweet flavour and white flower aromas

Served chilled with cold appetisers or cheese

1117
Q

Maibijin junmai-shu
Fukui
Producer: Mikawa Syuzoujyou

A

Earthy, woody taste

Brewed in cherry wood casks

Served either chilled, at room temperature, warm or hot

1118
Q

Junmai ginjo sparkling sake
Miyagi
Producer: Ninki Ichi

A

Delicate elderflower and succulent apple

Served chilled as an aperitif or with sorbet

1119
Q

Junmai-shu
Miyagi
Producer: Urakasumi

A

Fresh and fruity with melon, pineapple and peach

Served either chilled, at room temperature or warm

1120
Q

Dassai 23 junmai daiginjo
Yamaguchi
Producer: Asahishuzo

A

Full bodied floral aromas

Polished at 23%

Served chilled with seafood or strong cheese

1121
Q

Top 5 producers in Japan by volume:

A
  1. Mercian
  2. Suntory
  3. Asahi
  4. Alps
  5. Sapporo
1122
Q

Which prefecture is considered the heart of Japanese wine production?

A

Yamanashi

1123
Q

Notable Japanese wine regions?

A
  1. Yamanashi
  2. Nagano
  3. Niigata
  4. Hokkaidō
  5. Yamagata
  6. Kyushu
1124
Q

In which country is the Mercian winery?

A

Japan

1125
Q

Top three produced grapes in Japan?

A
  1. Koshu
  2. Muscat Bailey A
  3. Niagara
1126
Q

Which Champagne house produces exclusively Rosé Champagne?

A

Fleur de Miraval (Owned by Jolie-Pitt and Perrin)

1127
Q

What is the composition of Fleur de Miraval?

A

75% Chardonnay

25% Pinot Noir

1128
Q

Where is Fleur de Miraval based?

A

Le Mesnil-sur-Oger

1129
Q

What are the two top end cuvées called made by F.X. Pichler?

A
  1. Unendlich (Riesling, Inaugural vintage 1988)
  2. M Grüner Veltliner (Inaugural vintage 1991)

(M Reserve also as Riesling available)

1130
Q

Top wines produced by F.X. Pichler?

A
  1. M (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner)
  2. Unendlich (Smaragd Riesling)
  3. Liebenberg (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner)
  4. Klostersatz (Federspiel Grüner Veltliner)
  5. Kellerberg (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  6. Loibenberg (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  7. Steinertal (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  8. Burgstall (Federspiel Riesling)
1131
Q

Where is the winery Prager?

A

Weissenkirchen, Wachau

1132
Q

Top wines produced by Prager?

A
  1. Liebenberg (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner)
  2. Zwerithaler (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner)
  3. Hinter der Burg (Federspiel Grüner Veltliner)
  4. Achleiten (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  5. Steinriegl (Federspiel + Smaragd Riesling)
  6. Klaus (Smaragd Riesling)
1133
Q

Where is the winery Schloss Gobelsburg?

A

Langenlois, Kamptal

1134
Q

Vineyards owned by Schloss Gobelsburg?

A
  1. Heiligenstein (planted to Riesling)
  2. Gaisberg (planted to Riesling)
  3. Lamm (planted to Grüner Veltliner)
  4. Renner (planted to Grüner Veltliner)
  5. Grub (planted to Grüner Veltliner)
  6. Steinsetz
1135
Q

Where is the winery Nikolaihof?

A

Mautern, Wachau

1136
Q

Top wines produced by Nikolaihof?

A
  1. Im Weingebirge (Federspiel + Smaragd Grüner Veltliner + Federspiel Riesling)
  2. Vom Stein (Federspiel + Smaragd Riesling)
  3. Vinothek (Smaragd Riesling)
1137
Q

Where is the winery Hirsch?

A

Kammern, Kamptal

1138
Q

Vineyards owned by Hirsch?

A
  1. Lamm
  2. Gaisberg
  3. Heiligenstein
1139
Q

Where is the winery Hirtzberger?

A

Spitz an der Donau, Wachau

1140
Q

Who were the founding members of Vinea Wachau?

A
  1. Franz Hirtzberger Sr.
  2. Joseph Jamek
  3. Franz Prager
  4. Wilhelm Schwengler
1141
Q

Top wines produced by Franz Hirtzberger?

A
  1. Rotes Tor (Federspiel + Smaragd Grüner Veltliner)
  2. Axpoint (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner)
  3. Honivogl (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner)
  4. Kirchweg (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner)
  5. Setzberg (Smaragd Riesling)
  6. Hochrain (Smaragd Riesling)
  7. Singerriedel (Smaragd Riesling)
  8. Steinporz (Smaragd Riesling)
1142
Q

Where is the winery Bernhard Ott?

A

Feuersbrunn, Wagram

1143
Q

Vineyards owned by Bernhard Ott?

A
  1. Spiegel
  2. Rosenberg
  3. Stein (Kamptal)
1144
Q

When was Vinea Wachau founded?

A

1983

1145
Q

Where is the winery Kracher?

A

Illmitz, Burgenland

1146
Q

What are the two top cuvée produced by Kracher?

A
  1. Zwischen den Seen

2. Nouvelle Vague

1147
Q

Where is the winery Gesellmann?

A

Deutschkreutz, Burgenland

1148
Q

Top wines produced by Gesellmann?

A
  1. G (Blaufränkisch)
  2. Hochberc (Blaufränkisch)
  3. Bela Rex (Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot)
  4. Siglos (Pinot Noir)
  5. Opus Eximium (Blaufränkisch - Zweigelt)
1149
Q

Where is the winery Veyder-Malberg?

A

Spitz an der Donau, Wachau

1150
Q

Vineyards owned by Veyder-Malberg?

A
  1. Kreutles (planted to Grüner Veltliner)
  2. Liebedich (planted to Grüner Veltliner)
  3. Hochrain (planted to Grüner Veltliner)
  4. Weitenberg (planted to Grüner Veltliner)
  5. Bruck (planted to Riesling)
  6. Buschenberg (planted to Riesling)
1151
Q

Where is the winery Nigl?

A

Senftenberg, Kremstal

1152
Q

Top wines produced by Rudi Pichler?

A
  1. Kollmütz (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner)
  2. Hochrain (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  3. Achleiten (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  4. Steinriegl (Smaragd Riesling)
  5. Kirchweg (Smaragd Riesling)
1153
Q

Where is the winery Rudi Pichler?

A

Wösendorf, Wachau

1154
Q

Top wines produced by Rudi Pichler?

A
  1. Kollmütz (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner)
  2. Hochrain (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  3. Achleiten (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  4. Steinriegl (Smaragd Riesling)
  5. Kirchweg (Smaragd Riesling)
1155
Q

Klassik Sekt

  • Production method?
  • Maximum alcohol?
  • Lees ageing?
  • Permitted sweetness levels?
A

Production method - Any

Maximum alcohol - 12.5%

Lees ageing - 9 months

Permitted sweetness levels - Any

1156
Q

Reserve Sekt

  • Harvesting method?
  • Maximum press yield?
  • Production method?
  • Lees ageing?
  • Permitted sweetness levels?
A

Harvesting method - Hand harvest only

Maximum press yield - 60%

Production method - Traditional method only

Lees ageing - Minimum 18 months

Permitted sweetness levels - Brut Nature, Extra Brut, Brut

1157
Q

Große Reserve Sekt

  • Harvesting method?
  • Maximum press yield?
  • Production method?
  • Maximum alcohol?
  • Lees ageing?
  • Permitted sweetness levels?
A

Harvesting method - Hand harvest only

Maximum press yield - 50%

Production method - Traditional method only

Maximum alcohol - None

Lees ageing - Minimum 30 months

Permitted sweetness levels - Brut Nature, Extra Brut, Brut

1158
Q

Where is the winery Alzinger?

A

Unterloiben, Wachau

1159
Q

Vineyards owned by Alzinger?

A
  1. Loibenberg
  2. Steinertal
  3. Liebenberg
  4. Mühlpoint
  5. Hollerin
  6. Höhereck
  7. Hochstrasser
1160
Q

Top wines produced by Emmerich Knoll?

A
  1. Kreutles (Grüner Veltliner)
  2. Schütt (Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  3. Loibenberg (Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  4. Vinothek Füllung (Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  5. Kellerberg (Riesling)
1161
Q

Where is the winery Domäne Wachau?

A

Dürnstein

1162
Q

Top wines produced by Domäne Wachau?

A
  1. Axpoint (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner)
  2. Kirnberg (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner)
  3. Achleiten (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  4. Kellerberg (Smaragd Grüner Veltliner + Riesling)
  5. Singerriedel (Smaragd Riesling)
  6. Loibenberg (Smaragd Riesling)
1163
Q

Where is the winery Loimer?

A

Langenlois, Kamptal

1164
Q

Top wines produced by Loimer?

A
  1. Grüner Veltliner Loiserberg Kamptal DAC
  2. Grüner Veltliner Käferberg Kamptal DAC
  3. Grüner Veltliner Spiegel Kamptal DAC
  4. Riesling Loiserberg Kamptal DAC
  5. Riesling Steinmassl Kamptal DAC
  6. Riesling Seeberg Kamptal DAC
  7. Riesling Heiligenstein Kamptal DAC
1165
Q

Where is the winery Malat?

A

Palt, Kremstal

1166
Q

Top wines produced by Malat?

A
  1. Grüner Veltliner Höhlgraben
  2. Grüner Veltliner Das Beste
  3. Riesling Das Beste
  4. Brut
  5. Brut Rosé
  6. Sauvignon Blanc Brunnkreuz
1167
Q

What does ÖTW stand for?

A

Österreichische Traditionsweingüter

1168
Q

What is the Italian term for wine produced with botrytis?

A

Muffa nobile

1169
Q

What is the only Italian DOC to produce Muffa Nobile wines?

A
  1. Orvieto DOC (Shared between Lazio and Umbria)
1170
Q

In which year was the Grand Cru Classé classification of Côtes de Provence AOP?

A

1955

1171
Q

What is the dominant red grape of Bandol AOP?

A

Mourvèdre

1172
Q

Name the sub regions of Provence:

A
  1. Bandol AOP
  2. Bellet AOP
  3. Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence AOP
  4. Coteaux Varois en Provence AOP
  5. Côtes de Provence AOP
  6. Les Baux-de-Provence AOP
  7. Pallette AOP
  8. Pierrevert AOP
1173
Q

Name the sub zones of Vin de Corse AOP:

A
  1. Calvi
  2. Figari
  3. Porto-Vecchio
  4. Coteaux du Cap Corse
  5. Sartène
1174
Q

Which style of wine is produced as Muscat du Cap Corse AOP?

A

Vin Doux Naturel

1175
Q

Minimum RS for Muscat du Cap Corse AOP?

A

90 g/l

1176
Q

Name the two communal appellations of Corsica:

A
  1. Ajaccio AOP

2. Patrimonio AOP

1177
Q

Where is the winery Château Simone?

A

Palette AOP

1178
Q

Where is the winery Domaine Comte Abbatucci?

A

Ajaccio AOP

1179
Q

Where is the winery Domaine Antoine Arena?

A

Patrimonio AOP

1180
Q

Where is the winery Domaine Maestracci?

A

Calvi, Vin de Corse AOP

1181
Q

Where is the winery Clos Signadore?

A

Patrimonio AOP

1182
Q

Where is the winery Château de Pibarnon?

A

Bandol AOP

1183
Q

Where is the winery Château Pradeaux?

A

Bandol AOP

1184
Q

Where is the winery Domaine de Trévallon?

A

Les Baux-de-Provence AOP

1185
Q

Where is the winery Domaine de Triennes?

A

Coteaux Varois en Provence AOP

1186
Q

Who is the producer of ‘Cuvée Spéciale Tibouren’?

A

Clos Cibonne

1187
Q

Where is the winery Clos Cibonne?

A

Côtes de Provence AOP

1188
Q

Where is the winery Clos Mireille?

A

Côtes de Provence AOP

1189
Q

Where is the winery Domaine du Jas d’Esclan?

A

Côtes de Provence AOP

1190
Q

Where is the winery Domaine de la Croix?

A

Côtes de Provence AOP

1191
Q

Wine estates owned by Domaine Ott in Provence?

A
  1. Château de Selle (Côtes de Provence AOP)
  2. Clos Mireille (Côtes de Provence AOP)
  3. Château Romassan (Bandol AOP)
1192
Q

What year was the Center for Rosé Research founded?

A

1999

1193
Q

What is the name for terraced hillsides in Bandol?

A

Restanque

1194
Q

‘Cuvée Faustine’ is released under which appellation?

A

Ajaccio AOP

1195
Q

White wines produced in Madiran AOP are released under which AOP?

A

Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOP

1196
Q

Madiran AOP focuses primarily on which grape?

A

Tannat

1197
Q

Which AOP in Southwest France is known for sparkling wines?

A

Gaillac AOP

1198
Q

What are the principal varieties of Jurancon AOP?

A

Min. 50% combined Gros and/or Petit Manseng

1199
Q

How is dry still white wine in Jurancon AOP known as?

A

Blanc sec

1200
Q

In which AOP in Southwest France is Malbec the primary variety?

A

Cahors AOP

1201
Q

Which river runs through Cahors AOP?

A

Lot

1202
Q

Who developed micro-oxygenation in the early 1990s?

A

Patrick Ducournau

1203
Q

What did Patrick Ducournau develop?

A

Micro-oxygenation

1204
Q

What are the grapes of Cahors AOP?

A
  1. Min. 70% Cot (Malbec)
  2. Merlot
  3. Tannat
1205
Q

What style of wine is produced in Pecharmant AOP?

A

Dry red

1206
Q

What are the grapes of Pecharmant AOP?

A
  1. Cabernet Franc
  2. Cabernet Sauvignon
  3. Merlot
  4. Cot (Malbec)
1207
Q

What is the assemblage of Pecharmant AOP?

A

At least 3 varieties must be present, and no grape may exceed 65% of the blend

1208
Q

What are the grapes of Madiran AOP?

A
  1. Min. 50% Tannat
  2. Cabernet Franc
  3. Cabernet Sauvignon
  4. Fer
1209
Q

What are the requirements to make Methode Gaillacoise?

A
  1. Wines are produced by a single fermentation beginning in tank
  2. Must be aged on the lees for min. 2 months prior to disgorgement
  3. Methode Ancestrale wines must have a pressure of at least 3 atmospheres
  4. Tirage and dosage are prohibited
1210
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Fronton AOP?

A
  1. Dry red

2. Dry rose

1211
Q

What is the main grape of Fronton AOP?

A

Min. 50% Negrette

1212
Q

Which AOP is located north of Toulouse?

A

Fronton AOP

1213
Q

Which AOP is located north west of Toulouse?

A

Gaillac AOP

1214
Q

What is Rouge Primeur and where can you find it?

A

100% Gamay vinified by carbonic maceration from Gaillac AOP

1215
Q

Who introduced wines to Bergerac?

A

The Romans

1216
Q

Chateau Tour des Gendres is located in which AOP?

A

Bergerac AOP

1217
Q

Where was Pascal Harriague from?

A

Irouleguy

1218
Q

Where is Monbazillac AOP located?

A

South of Bergerac

1219
Q

Where is Pecharmant AOP located?

A

East of Bergerac

1220
Q

Who produces ‘Herri Mina’?

A

Jean-Claude Berrouet

1221
Q

Climate type of Argentina?

A

Continental

1222
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Argentina?

A

Pedro Gimenez

1223
Q

What is Zonda?

A

A hot afternoon wind in Argentina that blows down from the mountains in late spring and early summer

1224
Q

What is the name of the hot afternoon wind that blows through Argentina?

A

Zonda

1225
Q

Bodegas Chacra focuses their production on which grape?

A

Pinot Noir

1226
Q

Where is Bodegas Chacra from?

A

Argentina -> Patagonia -> Rio Negro

1227
Q

Who owns Bodegas Chacra?

A

Piero Incisa Rochetta (Grandson of Tenuta San Guido founder)

1228
Q

Where is Colome from?

A

Salta

1229
Q

The first commercial vineyard in Argentina was planted in which century?

A

17th century

1230
Q

Where is Cafayete?

A

Salta

1231
Q

Yacochuya and Bodegas Etchart are located in which region?

A

Salta -> Cafayete

1232
Q

Charbono in the USA is better known as which grape in Argentina?

A

Bonarda

1233
Q

What type of irrigation redirects water by digging channels through the vineyards in Argentina?

A

Furrow irrigation

1234
Q

Who produces ‘Crios’?

A

Susana Balbo

1235
Q

Terrazas de los Andes has partnered with which Bordeaux estate to produce wine in Mendoza?

A

Chateau Cheval Blanc

1236
Q

Lujan de Cuyo is located in what province?

A

Mendoza

1237
Q

What are the IGs of North Argentina?

A
  1. Jujuy
  2. Salta
  3. Tucuman
  4. Catamarca
1238
Q

What are the IGs of Cuyo?

A
  1. La Rioja Argentina
  2. Mendoza
  3. San Juan
  4. San Luis
1239
Q

What are the IGs of Patagonia?

A
  1. La Pampa
  2. Neuquen
  3. Rio Negro
  4. Chubut
1240
Q

What are the IGs of Center region in Argentina?

A

Cordoba Argentina

1241
Q

Which type of Torrontes is considered the highest quality?

A

Torrontes Riojano

1242
Q

What is a synonym for Mission in Argentina?

A

Criolla Chica

1243
Q

Where is Clos de los Siete located?

A

Valle de Uco

1244
Q

What is the average elevation for vineyards in Argentina?

A

500-1500 meters

1245
Q

What are the DOCs of Argentina?

A
  1. Lujan de Cuyo

2. San Rafael

1246
Q

What are the sub regions of Mendoza?

A
  1. Primera Zona
  2. North Mendoza
  3. South Mendoza
  4. East Mendoza
  5. Valle de Uco
1247
Q

What are the departments of Mendoza’s Primera Zona?

A
  1. Lujan de Cuyo
  2. Maipu
  3. Godoy Cruz
1248
Q

What are the departments of Valle de Uco?

A
  1. Tupungato
  2. Tunuyan
  3. San Carlos
1249
Q

In which region is Famatina IG?

A

La Rioja Argentina

1250
Q

In which region is Fiambala IG?

A

Catamarca

1251
Q

In which region is San Carlos IG?

A

Mendoza

1252
Q

In which region is San Patricio del Chanar?

A

Neuquen

1253
Q

In which region is Zonda?

A

San Juan IG

1254
Q

Ageing laws for Reserva wine in Argentina?

A

6 months for white wines

12 months for red wines

1255
Q

Ageing laws for Grand Reserva in Argentina?

A

12 months for white wines

24 months for red wines

1256
Q

Residual sugar levels for sparkling wines in Argentina?

A 
Nature: 0 g/l
Brut Nature: max. 2 g/l
Extra Brut: max. 8 g/l
Brut: max. 14 g/l
Demi Sec: max. 25 g/l
Dulce: min. 25 g/l
1257
Q

Minimum percentage of varietal wines in Argentina?

A

85%

1258
Q

What are the parent grapes of Torrontes Riojana?

A
  1. Criolla Chica

2. Muscat d’Alexandria

1259
Q

What is the average annual rainfall in Mendoza?

A

5-10 inches

1260
Q

Where is Maipu located?

A

Mendoza -> Primera Zona

1261
Q

What are the three main types of Torrontes?

A
  1. Riojana
  2. Mendocino
  3. Sanjuanino
1262
Q

Where is Tinogasta IG located?

A

Catamarca

1263
Q

What are the parent grapes of Malbec?

A
  1. Prunelard

2. Magdeleine Noire des Charentes

1264
Q

What is the grape of Lujan de Cuyo?

A

Malbec

1265
Q

Name of an active vulcano in Mendoza?

A

Tupungatito

1266
Q

Name the single vineyard Cabernet Sauvignon by Terrazas de los Andes?

A

Los Aromos

1267
Q

The Rio Desaguadero river flows through which region?

A

San Juan

1268
Q

A river that flows through San Juan?

A

Rio Desaguadero

1269
Q

In what century was Quinta Normal founded?

A

19th century (1853)

1270
Q

What is Quinta Normal?

A

First school for agriculture in Mendoza

1271
Q

Who was the first person to introduce French varietals in Mendoza?

A

Michel Aime Puget, first principal of Quinta Normal

1272
Q

Which clone of Chardonnay is most grown in Argentina?

A

Mendoza clone

1273
Q

Name notable producers from Salta IG:

A
  1. Colome
  2. El Esteco
  3. El Porvenir
  4. Bodegas Etchart
  5. Tacuil
  6. Yacochuya
1274
Q

Name notable producers from Neuquen IG:

A
  1. Familia Schroeder
  2. Bodegas del Fin del Mundo
  3. Malma
1275
Q

Name notable producers from Rio Negro IG:

A
  1. Bodegas Chacra
  2. Bodegas Noemia
  3. Humberto Canale
  4. Infinitus
1276
Q

Name notable producers from Trevelin IG:

A
  1. Bodegas Casa Yague Vinos Australes
  2. Nant y Fall
  3. Contra Corriente
1277
Q

Name notable producers from San Juan IG:

A
  1. Bodegas Callia
  2. Finca las Moras
  3. Graffigna
  4. Pyros
1278
Q

Name notable producers from La Rioja Argentina IG:

A
  1. Cooperativa La Riojana
  2. Valle de la Puerta
  3. San Huberto
1279
Q

Name notable producers from Mendoza IG:

A
  1. Achaval Ferrer
  2. Catena Zapata
  3. Cheval des Andes
  4. Clos de los Siete
  5. Dona Paula
  6. Familia Zuccardi
  7. Susana Balbo
  8. Norton
  9. Trapiche
  10. Terrazas de los Andes
  11. Vistalba
1280
Q

Which rivers flows through Mendoza?

A
  1. Mendoza
  2. Diamante
  3. Tunuyan
  4. Atuel
1281
Q

Name notable producers from Catamarca IG:

A
  1. Don Diego
  2. Cabernet de los Andes
  3. Chanarpunco
1282
Q

Name notable producers from Jujuy IG:

A
  1. Fernando Dupont
  2. Tukma
  3. Claudio Zucchino
1283
Q

What is Torcolato and where is it made?

A

Sweet wine (100% Vespaiola) from Breganze DOC (Veneto)

1284
Q

What is Saperavi?

A

Georgian teinturier grape

1285
Q

What is Grand Vidure?

A

Carménère

1286
Q

What is Eutypa Dieback?

A

A fungal disease appearing as cankers on trunks and arms of infected grapevines.
Also known as ‘Dead Arm’

1287
Q

Where is the Wahluke Slope AVA located?

A

Washington

1288
Q

What are port tongs used for?

A

Port tongs are used to remove a cork quickly. These metal tongs are heated up and applied to the neck of a bottle of port then they are removed and replaced by damp cloth. This temperature change breaks off the upper neck and cork. This method eliminates the possibility of the cork crumbling and spoiling the port.

1289
Q

What is Saignée?

A

Saignée is a winemaking technique that is primarily used in red winemaking to concentrate a ferment by removing juice. The bled off juice can be made into rosé wine. The term saignée is French and comes from the verb ‘to bleed’.

1290
Q

Name the Saint-Émilion satellites:

A
  • Lussac-Saint-Émilion
  • Montagne-Saint-Émilion
  • Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion
  • Saint-Georges-Saint-Émilion
1291
Q

Name 3 producers of Single Malt of: Islay, Speyside, Campeltown

A

Islay: Lagavulin, Ardbeg, Laphroaig
Speyside: Balvenie, Macallan, Glenfarclas
Campbeltown: Springbank, Glen Scotia, Longrow

1292
Q

Name five Côtes du Rhône-Villages AOP villages:

A
  • Chusclan
  • Nyons
  • Laudun
  • Gadagne
  • Puymeras
1293
Q

Name 2 1er Crus of Volnay, Flagey-Echezeaux and Santenay

A

Volnay: Clos de Ducs, Clos des Chênes
Flagey-Echezeaux: En Orveaux, Les Rouges
Santenay: Les Gravières, La Comme

1294
Q

What are the 3 sub zones of Penedès?

A
  • Baix Penedès
  • Medio Penedès
  • Alt Penedès
1295
Q

Name 3 AVA’s of Sierra Foothills:

A
  • El Dorado
  • Fairplay
  • California Shenandoah Valley
  • Fiddletown
  • North Yuba
1296
Q

Name 3 AVA’s of Sierra Foothills:

A
  • El Dorado
  • Fairplay
  • California Shenandoah Valley
  • Fiddletown
  • North Yuba
1297
Q

What is the name of the Gamay/Pinot Noir blend in Vaud?

A

Salvagnin

1298
Q

Who produces Clos St Théobald?

A

Domaine Schoffit (Rangen, Alsace)

1299
Q

Alternative name for the ‘Stefani’ vine training system? Where would you find this?

A

Koulara – Greek islands e.g. Santorini

1300
Q

Max yields for SGN wines in Alsace?

A

40hl/ha

1301
Q

Sub AOP of Minervois?

A

Minervois-La Liviniere

1302
Q

What is the grape and minimum ageing for Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG?

A

Min. 70% Sangiovese – Min. 3 years from Nov 1st of harvest year incl. 6 months in bottle

1303
Q

Term for vintage dated Banyuls?

A

Rimage

1304
Q

Assemblage of Cassis Blanc?

A

Min. 60% combined Marsanne (30-80%) and Clairette; plus Doucillon Blanc (Bourboulenc), Sauvignon Blanc, Pascal Blanc, Ugni Blanc, and a max. 5% Terret Blanc

1305
Q

Grapes permitted in Franciacorta DOCG?

A

Pinot Nero, Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco (max. 50%) and Erbamat (max. 10%)

1306
Q

Communes within Margaux?

A

Margaux, Cantenac, Arsac, Soussans, Labarde

1307
Q

DOCGs for Raboso Piave?

A

Piave Malanotte (Veneto), Friularo di Banogli (Veneto)

1308
Q

What is the assemblage of Ribera del Duero Tinto?

A

Min. 75% Tinta del Pais/Tinto Fino, Garnacha, Malbec, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Albillo Mayor

1309
Q

Who produces Janus Gran Reserva?

A

Tinto Pesquera

1310
Q

In which village are Halenberg and Frühlingplätzchen?

A

Monzingen (Nahe)

1311
Q

Two main varieties used in Egri Bikaver?

A

Kékfrankos (min. 30%, max. 50%) and Kadarka (min. 5%, max 50%)

1312
Q

How many standard bottles are in a Balthazar?

A

16 Bottles (12 litres)

1313
Q

Minimum age and RS required for Classic Rutherglen Muscat?

A

6-10 years, 200-280g/l

1314
Q

Grape for Cour Cheverny?

A

100% Romorantin

1315
Q

Describe the difference between Côtes de Beaune Villages AOP & Côte de Beaune AOP

A
  • Côte de Beaune production only in Beaune for white/red

- Côtes de Beaune Village production in many communes and only for red

1316
Q

Name a Cru in the commune of Treiso?

A

Pajorè

1317
Q

What appellation is used for Brandy from the region of Champagne?

A

Fine de la Marne

1318
Q

Where are Karridale and Treeton?

A

Margaret River GI

1319
Q

Second wine, commune and classification of Château Couhins?

A

Couhins la Gravette, Villenave d’Ornon (Pessac-Léognan), 1959 Classification of Graves

1320
Q

GIs of Southern New South Wales?

A

Canberra District, Gundagai, Hilltops, Tumbarumba

1321
Q

Name two DOs in Tenerife?

A

Valle de Güímar, Ycoden-Daute-Isora

1322
Q

Minimum ABV for Chianti Classico Riserva?

A

12.5%

1323
Q

In which AVAs are the following producers: Cayuse Vineyards? Eyrie Vineyards? Quilceda Creek?

A

Cayuse: The Rock of Milton-Freewater (Oregon)
Eyrie: Dundee Hills (Oregon)
Quilceda Creek: Horse Heaven Hills (Washington)

1324
Q

Where is Peumo DO?

A

Valle de la Cachapoal (Chile)

1325
Q

Who produces Carmatina? What is the blend?

A

Querciabella - Cabernet Sauvignon and Sangiovese

1326
Q

Required must levels for Muscat and Gewürztraminer VT and SGN in Alsace?

A
  • Muscat VT: 244g/L SGN: 276g/L

- Gewürztraminer VT: 270g/L SGN: 306g/L

1327
Q

Name the grape variety for each of these Burgundy appellations:

  • Montagny:
  • Saint-Bris:
  • Bouzeron:
  • Vezelay:
A
  • Montagny: Chardonnay
  • Saint-Bris: Sauvignon Blanc/Gris
  • Bouzeron: Aligote
  • Vezelay: Chardonnay
1328
Q

Name the sub regions of Great Southern GI:

A
  • Mount Banker
  • Frankland River
  • Denmark
  • Albany
  • Porongurup
1329
Q

What styles of wine are permitted in Rosalia DAC and which varieties are permitted?

A

Dry Red/Rose – Blaufränkisch, Zweigelt

1330
Q

What is the name given to Mission grape variety in Chile?

A

Pais

1331
Q

Which Croatian grape is linked to Zinfandel?

A

Crljenak Kastelanski

1332
Q

Which Croatian grape is linked to Zinfandel?

A

Crljenak Kastelanski

1333
Q

Name the grape varieties used for Commandaria?

A
  • Xynestri

- Mavro

1334
Q

What type of wine is produced in Bugey-Cerdon AOP and which varieties are permitted?

A

Sparkling Rose (Methode Ancestrale) – Gamay, Poulsard

1335
Q

Which grape is called ‘Sultan’ in Alsace?

A

Pinot Gris

1336
Q

Within which Chablis Grand Crus is ‘La Moutonne’ located?

A

Vaudesir, Les Preuses

1337
Q

What is the size of a tonneau in Bordeaux?

A

900l

1338
Q

What is name of the principal quality red grape of Georgia?

A

Saperavi

1339
Q

What are subzones of Touraine AOP?

A

Amboise, Mesland, Azay-le-Rideau, Oisly, Chenonceaux

1340
Q

What is the only grape permitted in Nemea PDO?

A

Agiorgitiko

1341
Q

On the slopes of which mountain is Naoussa PDO located?

A

Olympus

1342
Q

What is the minimum alcohol level for Amarone della Valpolicella?

A

14% ABV

1343
Q

In which country can you find the Koshu grape?

A

Japan

1344
Q

In which Italian region is Ramandolo DOCG produced?

A

Friuli-Venezia-Giulia

1345
Q

Which DOC encompasses the region of Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige?

A
  • Valdadige

- Valda Terradeiforti

1346
Q

What are the DOCG of Abruzzo?

A
  • Montepulciano d’Abruzzo Colline Teramane

- Terre Tollesi

1347
Q

From which grape variety can you make white Chinon?

A

Chenin Blanc

1348
Q

In which region of New Zealand is the winery Neudorf located?

A

Nelson

1349
Q

Classify the GIs of New Zealand’s South Island from north to south:

A
  • Nelson
  • Marlborough
  • Canterbury
  • Waitaki Valley North Otago
  • Central Otago
1350
Q

What are the DOPs of Acores Islands

A
  • Pico
  • Graciosa
  • Biscoito
1351
Q

What is the most planted red grape in Portugal?

A

Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)

1352
Q

Which countries are authorised to produce Tokaj wine?

A
  • Hungary

- Slovakia

1353
Q

In which South African district is the ward Sunday’s Glen located?

A

Walker Bay

1354
Q

Which DOs of Andalucia can produce fortified and unfortified wine?

A
  • Condado de Huelva
  • Malaga
  • Montilla-Moriles
1355
Q

What are the permitted grapes for white wine from Ribera del Duero DO?

A

Albillo Mayor

1356
Q

Almaviva is a collaboration between which wineries?

A
  • Concha y Toro

- Mouton Rothschild

1357
Q

What are the sub regions of Atacama?

A
  • Valle de Copiapo

- Valle de Huasco

1358
Q

Torrontés is a crossing of which varieties?

A
  • Criolla Chica

- Muscat d’Alexandria

1359
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Graves Superieur AOP?

A

Sweet white

1360
Q

What is the second wine, commune and classification of Château Giscours?

A
  • La Sirene de Giscours
  • Margaux
  • 3eme Cru
1361
Q

What is the second wine, classification and commune of Château Canon?

A
  • Croix Canon (before 2012 - Clos de Canon)
  • St-Emilion Premier Grand Cru Classe B
  • Saint-Emilion
1362
Q

In which AOP would you find the grape ‘Raffiat de Montcade’?

A

Bearn (Southwest)

1363
Q

In which AOP would you find the grape ‘Raffiat de Montcade’?

A

Bearn (Southwest)

1364
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Jurançon Vendange Tardives?

A

55g/l (before 2011 - 35g/l)

1365
Q

What are the sub zones of St Chinian?

A
  • Berlou

- Roquebrun

1366
Q

Give the village for the following 1er Crus:

  • Cros Parantoux?
  • Les Amoureuses?
  • Monts Luisants?
  • Les Genevrieres?
  • Blanchot-Desuss?
A
  • Cros Parantoux? Vosne-Romanee
  • Les Amoureuses? Chambolle-Musigny
  • Monts Luisants? Morey-Saint-Denis
  • Les Genevrieres? Meursault
  • Blanchot-Desuss? Chassagne-Montrachet
1367
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Cremant de Bourgogne Eminent?

A
  1. Minimum 2 years of lees ageing
  2. Approved Varieties: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Gamay and Aligoté
  3. Date of tirage no earlier than March 1st of the year after harvest
  4. Wines must pass inspection by a professional tasting panel
1368
Q

Clos St Urbain is a vineyard in which Grand Cru? Who owns it?

A
  • Rangen

- Zind-Humbrecht

1369
Q

Describe the difference between Rosé d’Anjou and Cabernet d’Anjou?

A

Cabernet d’Anjou: Only Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and min. 10g/l residual sugar
Rose d’Anjou: Additional grapes to the two Cabernets (Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Cot, Gamay, Pineau d’Aunis) and min. residual sugar 7g/L

1370
Q

What are the villages of Coteaux du Layon?

A
  • Faye d’Anjou/Faye
  • Rochefort-sur-Loire/Rochefort
  • Rablay-sur-Layon/Rablay
  • Beaulieu-sur-Layon/Beaulieu
  • St. Aubin de Luigné/St. Aubin
  • St. Lambert du Lattay/St. Lambert
  • Chaume (“Premier Cru”)
1371
Q

Which DOCGs mandate use of Raboso Piave?

A

Piave Malanotte (Veneto)

1372
Q

Give three crus of the commune of Monforte d’Alba?

A
  • Bussia
  • San Giovanni
  • Bricco San Pietro
  • Perno
  • Gramolere
  • Castelletto
  • Ginestra
  • Mosconi
  • Le Coste di Monforte
  • Ravera di Monforte
  • Roche di Castiglione
1373
Q

Which DOCG is for rosé wines only?

A

Castel del Monte Bombino Nero (Puglia)

1374
Q

Ageing required for Marsala Superiore?

A

Min 2. years in oak or cherry wood

1375
Q

Which grape varieties are permitted by the VDP for Grosse Lage wines in Pfalz?

A
  • Riesling
  • Weissburgunder
  • Spätburgunder
1376
Q

In which village are the following Einzellagen:

  • Apotheke?
  • Rausch?
  • Würzgarten?
  • Juffer Sonnenuhr?
A
  • Apotheke? Trittenheim
  • Rausch? Saarburg
  • Würzgarten? Ürzig
  • Juffer Sonnenuhr? Brauneberg
1377
Q

What is the required ABV and KMW for Federspiel wines?

A

11.5-12.5% ABV – min. 17° KMW

1378
Q

What grapes are permitted in Leithaberg DAC?

A

White: Grüner Veltliner, Chardonnay, Weissburgunder, Neuburger (blend/varietal)
Red: Blaufränkisch, max. 15% Pinot Noir, St. Laurent, Zweigelt

1379
Q

What are the sub zones of Auckland?

A
  • Kumeu
  • Matakana
  • Waiheke Island
1380
Q

What are the sub zones of Auckland?

A
  • Kumeu
  • Matakana
  • Waiheke Island
1381
Q

GIs of Central Ranges Zone?

A
  • Cowra
  • Mudgee
  • Orange
1382
Q

Minimum age for an Ancestor Vine in Barossa?

A

Min. 125 years

1383
Q

Minimum RS for ice wine in Canada?

A

Ontario - 100g/l (before 2014 – 125g/l), British Columbia – 100g/l

1384
Q

Where is Dos Rios AVA?

A

Mendocino

1385
Q

In which AVA is To-Kalon Vineyard?

A

Oakville

1386
Q

What are the permitted vine training systems in Champagne?

A
  • Chablis
  • Cordon de Royat
  • Vallee de la Marne (only Meunier)
  • Guyot (single/double)
1387
Q

What does SR stand for? What does it mean?

A

Societe de Recoltants – A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union or often related growers who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands

1388
Q

What is Oenothèque by Dom Perignon?

A

A late release of bottles that are still under lees.
Also known as Plentitude since 2014.
P2 = released after 12-15 years
P3 = released after 20 years

1389
Q

Who is John Duval?

A

Former chief wine maker at Penfolds. Has own label as ‘John Duval Wines’

1390
Q

Name the DAC of Niederösterreich:

A
  • Weinviertel
  • Kamptal
  • Kremstal
  • Traisental
  • Carnuntum
  • Wachau
1391
Q

Who is the owner of Haut-Bacalan (Pessac-Leognan

A

Michel Gonet

1392
Q

Name the 3 cru of Guigal that are labelled under Côte Rôtie?

A
  • La Landonne
  • La Mouline
  • La Turque
1393
Q

Second label of Lynch Bages?

A

Echo

1394
Q

Inaugural vintage of Sassicaia and name of their second label?

A
  • 1968

- Guidalberto

1395
Q

What is the style of Alta Langa DOCG & the ageing requirements?

A

Sparkling wine

  • Spumante: min. 9 months on lees, total time min. 30 months
  • Spumante Riserva: min. 9 months on lees, total time min. 36 months
1396
Q

How was the 2003 vintage for Sauternes?

A

Extremely good. Hot and dry year with rainfall in September to initiate botrytis which led to very concentrated wines.

1397
Q

Who is the owner of “La Grande Rue” monopole?

A

Domaine Lamarche

1398
Q

First vintage of Penfolds Grange Bin No. 95?

A

1952

1399
Q

Brunello di Montalcino Riserva ageing requirements?

A

Minimum 2 years in wood plus 4 months in bottle, may not be sold before January 1 of the 5th year following the harvest

1400
Q

Name the communes of production in Barbaresco:

A
  • Barbaresco
  • Neive
  • Treiso
  • San Rocco Seno d’Elvio
1401
Q

Sub AVAs of Willamette Valley?

A
  • Chehalem Mountains
  • Dundee Hills
  • Eola-Amity Hills
  • Laurelwood District
  • McMinnville
  • Ribbon Ridge
  • Tualatin Hills
  • Van Duzer Corridor
  • Yamhill-Carlton
1402
Q

Inaugural vintage of Le Pin?

A

1979

1403
Q

Minimum potential ABV for Chablis Premier Cru?

A

10.5%

1404
Q

Name 3 leading producers of Chevalier-Montrachet AOP:

A
  • Leflaive
  • Bouchard
  • Ramonet
1405
Q

For which grape is Tahbilk famous for?

A

Marsanne

1406
Q

Where would you find Irouleguy?

A

Southwest (France)

1407
Q

Where is Quincy AOP? What style is produced there?

A

Loire Valley, Central Valley. Dry white from Sauvignon Blanc (10%. Max. Sauvignon Gris)

1408
Q

Name the declared vintages for Port between 1980-1990:

A
  • 1980
  • 1982
  • 1983
  • 1985
1409
Q

Name the Chateaux in Bordeaux under the ownership of AXA Millésimes:

A
  • Pichon Baron de Longueville

- Suduiraut

1410
Q

Name the Bereiche of Mosel North to South:

A
  • Burg Cochem
  • Bernkastel
  • Ruwertal
  • Saar
  • Obermosel
  • Moseltor
1411
Q

Name 3 synonyms for Nebbiolo:

A
  • Picotendro
  • Spanna
  • Chiavennasca
  • Prunet
1412
Q

Where is Screaming Eagle Winery located?

A

Oakville

1413
Q

Which wines are produced by Bill Harlan?

A
  • Harlan Estate

- The Maiden

1414
Q

Name the wards of Stellenbosch:

A
  • Banghoek
  • Bottelary
  • Devon Valley
  • Jonkershoek Valley
  • Papegaaiberg
  • Polkadraai Hills
  • Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
  • Vlottenberg
1415
Q

Name the winemaking provinces of Canada:

A
  • British Columbia
  • Nova Scotia
  • Ontario
  • Quebec
1416
Q

Who produces Mas Borras? What is the grape?

A
  • Torres

- Pinot Noir

1417
Q

How many grand cru classé are there currently in Provence? Give an example:

A
  • 18 (Originally 23)
  • Chateau Minuty
  • Clos Cibonne
1418
Q

Name 6 subzones of Côtes du Rhône Villages?

A
  • Chusclan
  • Gadagne
  • Laudun
  • Massif d’Uchaux
  • Nyons
  • Plan de Dieu
  • Puymeras
  • Roaix
  • Rochegude
  • Rousset-les-Vignes
  • Sablet
  • Saint-Andeol
  • Saint-Gervais
  • Saint-Maurice
  • Saint-Pantaleon-les-Vignes
  • Sainte-Cecile
  • Seguret
  • Signargues
  • Suze-la-Rousse
  • Vaison-la-Romaine
  • Valreas
  • Visan
1419
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Lanson?

A

Noble Cuvee

1420
Q

Where is Vale dos Vinhedos?

A

Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)

1421
Q

What is the minimum must weight for Vin Doux Naturel wines in Languedoc?

A

252g/l

1422
Q

Sub-appellations of Savennières?

A

None (Used to be Coulee de Serrant and Roche-aux–Moines until 2011)

1423
Q

What is the grape for Frascati Superiore DOCG?

A
  • Malvasia Bianca di Candia

- Malvasia del Lazio

1424
Q

When was South Africa’s WO system introduced?

A

1973

1425
Q

Who owns Dominus Estate? In which AVA is it?

A
  • Christian Moueix

- Yountville (Napa Valley)

1426
Q

Where is Fiddletown AVA?

A

Amador - Sierra Foothills - California

1427
Q

Assemblage of Santorini?

A
  • Dry: Min. 75% Assyrtiko plus Athiri and Aidani.
  • Vin Santo: Min. 51% Assyrtiko plus Athiri and Aidani with small amounts of Katsano, Monemvassia, Gaidouria, Moschato Aspro, Platini, Roditis
1428
Q

Name three examples of cooling ocean winds in wine regions of the Southern Hemisphere:

A
  • Humboldt Current (Chile)
  • Benguela Current (South Africa)
  • Pampero (Uruguay)
1429
Q

What are the sub regions of Hunter GI?

A
  • Broke Fordwich
  • Upper Hunter Valley
  • Pokolbin
1430
Q

What is the ageing requirement of Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG?

A
  • Min. 12 months in barrel
  • Min. 12 months in bottle
  • Total time of min. 3 years
1431
Q

What is the ageing requirement of Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG?

A
  • Min. 12 months in barrel
  • Min. 12 months in bottle
  • Total time of min. 3 years
1432
Q

Name two DOCGs for the Aglianico grape?

A
  • Taurasi

- Aglianico del Taburno

1433
Q

Give 3 examples of DVAs in Ontario?

A
  • Prince Edward County
  • Niagara Peninsula
  • Lake Erie North Shore
1434
Q

Single vineyard wine produced by Taittinger?

A

Les Folies de la Marquetterie

1435
Q

What are the commune, classification & second wine of Château Durfort-Vivens?

A
  • Margaux
  • 2eme Cru
  • Vivens Rouge
1436
Q

What are the commune, classification & second wine of Château Beau-Séjor-Becot?

A
  • Saint-Emilion
  • 1er Grand Cru Classe B
  • Tournelle de Beau-Sejor-Becot
1437
Q

What is the minimum ageing for Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?

A

Min. 30 months from Jan 1st following the harvest

1438
Q

Sub zones of Valtellina Superiore?

A
  • Valgella
  • Inferno
  • Maroggia
  • Sassella
  • Grumello
1439
Q

DO in Extremadura?

A

Ribera del Guadiana

1440
Q

What is Cava de Guarda Superiore?

A
  • Highest level of Cava production
  • Min. 10y vine age
  • 100% organic
  • Wines should be traceable from vine to bottle
  • Min. 18 months ageing on the lees after tirage
1441
Q

What is the grape for Zitsa PDO?

A

Debina

1442
Q

Who produces the following & in which GI are they based:

  • The Astralis?
  • The Octavius?
  • Vat 47 Chardonnay?
A
  • The Astralis? Clarendon Hills (McLaren Vale)
  • The Octavius? Yalumba (Eden Valley)
  • Vat 47 Chardonnay? Tyrrell’s (Hunter Valley)
1443
Q

What is the minimum ageing for Scotch Whisky?

A

3 years

1444
Q

What are the IGs within Central Mendoza?

A
  • Lujan de Cuyo
  • Maipu
  • Godoy Cruz
1445
Q

In which country would you find the grape ‘Pamid’?

A

Bulgaria

1446
Q

Who owns Clos de Ursules? Where is it?

A
  • Maison Jadot

- Beaune

1447
Q

Give the common names of the grapes below and in which country they are from:

  • Balsamina
  • Feinburgunder
  • Sargamuskotaly
  • Klingelberger
  • Feigentraube
  • Greengrape
  • Tai Rosso
  • Jakot
  • Faranah
  • Zöldveltelini
A
  • Balsamina – Syrah (Argentina)
  • Feinburgunder – Chardonnay (Austria, Germany)
  • Sargamuskotaly – Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains (Hungary)
  • Klingelberger – Riesling (Germany)
  • Feigentraube – Sauvignon Blanc (Austria)
  • Greengrape – Semillon (South Africa)
  • Tai Rosso – Grenache (Italy)
  • Jakot – Sauvignon Vert (Italy)
  • Faranah – Palomino (Morocco)
  • Zöldveltelini – Grüner Veltliner (Hungary)
1448
Q

What is Torna Viagem?

A

It’s a traditional round trip that sweet wines are making via ships across the Atlantic.

1449
Q

Which wine other than Madeira can be aged via Torna Viagem?

A

Setubal

1450
Q

What is the min. ageing for Cognac XXO and VVSOP?

A
  • Min. 14 years for XXO

- Min. 5 years for VVSOP

1451
Q

Name the second wine of Chateau Quintus? Which appellation?

A
  • Le Dragon de Quintus

- Saint-Emilion Grand Cru Classe

1452
Q

Name the property of Chateau Montrose in Burgundy?

A

Henri Rebourseau

1453
Q

Name the regions of these single malt whiskies?

  • Knockando
  • Balblair
  • Dufftown
  • Glen Scotia
  • Aardnahoe
  • Torabhaig
  • Bladnoch
  • Glengyle
A
  • Knockando - Speyside
  • Balblair - Highland
  • Dufftown - Speyside
  • Glen Scotia - Campbeltown
  • Aardnahoe - Islay
  • Torabhaig – Isle of Skye
  • Bladnoch - Lowland
  • Glengyle - Campbeltown
1454
Q

Name the appellations of Algarve?

A
  • Lagoa
  • Lagos
  • Portimao
  • Tavira
1455
Q

Name the wards of Cape Town?

A
  • Constantia
  • Durbanville
  • Hout Bay
  • Philadelphia
1456
Q

Name the 13 German Anbaugebiete:

A
  • Mosel
  • Rheingau
  • Rheinhessen
  • Mittelrhein
  • Nahe
  • Ahr
  • Hessische Bergstrasse
  • Baden
  • Württemberg
  • Franken
  • Pfalz
  • Sachsen
  • Saale-Unstrut
1457
Q

In which Anbaugebiete are the following Geimenden?

  • Forst
  • Niederhausen
  • Iphofen
  • Nackenheim
  • Westhofen
  • Rüdesheim
  • Kiedrich
  • Erden
  • Wiltingen
  • Assmannshausen
A
  • Forst (Pfalz, Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstrasse)
  • Niederhausen (Nahe)
  • Iphofen (Franken, Steigerwald)
  • Nackenheim (Rheinhessen, Nierstein/Rheinterrasse)
  • Westhofen (Rheinhessen, Wonnegau)
  • Rüdesheim (Rheingau)
  • Kiedrich (Rheingau)
  • Erden (Mosel, Bernkastel)
  • Wiltingen (Mosel, Saar)
  • Assmannshausen (Rheingau)
1458
Q

Name 3 climats in Vaillons Premier Cru in Chablis:

A
  • Les Lys
  • Les Epinottes
  • Melinots
1459
Q

What is the maximum percentage of the rice grain that may remain for Daiginjo Sake?

A

50%

1460
Q

How many litres are in a hogshead?

A

300l

1461
Q

Who produces ‘The Dead Arm’?

A

d’Arenberg

1462
Q

Who produces ‘High Sands’?

A

Yangarra

1463
Q

Who produces ‘Vat 1’?

A

Tyrrell’s

1464
Q

What are the grapes used in Rosette AOP?

A

15-70% Sauvignon Blanc/Gris plus Semillon, Muscadelle

1465
Q

Name the communes of production in Sauternes:

A
  • Sauternes
  • Barsac
  • Preignac
  • Bommes
  • Fargues
1466
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Sauternes?

A

45g/l

1467
Q

Name the sub-zones of Côte de Provence AOP:

A
  • Sainte-Victoire
  • Frejus
  • La Londe
  • Pierrefeu
  • Notre-Dame des Anges
1468
Q

Inaugural vintage, name of the winemaker, name of the vineyard and second wine of Dominio de Pingus?

A
  • 1995
  • Peter Sisseck
  • Barroso vineyard
  • Flor de Pingus
1469
Q

Where is Château Bela? Who is the owner?

A
  • Slovakia

- Egon Müller

1470
Q

Vintages that Tignanello wasn’t produce after 1971:

A
  • 1972
  • 1973
  • 1974
  • 1976
  • 1984
  • 1992
  • 2002
1471
Q

Vintages that Château d’Yquem wasn’t produced:

A
  • 1910
  • 1915
  • 1930
  • 1951
  • 1964
  • 1972
  • 1974
  • 1992
  • 2012
1472
Q

Name the two winds that affect Jerez:

A
  • Levante

- Poniente

1473
Q

Where CVNE is situated?

A

Haro, Rioja

1474
Q

Where would you find the Alameda region?

A

California

1475
Q

What is Oseleta?

A

Rare red grape from Veneto

1476
Q

Who was Giulio Gambelli?

A

Tuscan wine legend who worked for Biondi-Santi and Montevertine

1477
Q

What is Ansonica?

A

White Italian grape found in Sicily and Tuscany – Also known as Inzolia

1478
Q

In which IG of Mendoza is Tupungato located?

A

Uco Valley

1479
Q

What does the term Gran Reserva indicate on a label of white wine from Argentina?

A

Aged for min. 12 months

1480
Q

What are the sub regions of Austral DO in Chile?

A
  • Valle del Cautin

- Valle de Osorno

1481
Q

Name two wine producing regions of Brazil?

A
  • Serra Gaucha

- Campanha

1482
Q

Name two wine producing regions of Brazil?

A
  • Serra Gaucha

- Campanha

1483
Q

Name two wine producing regions of Brazil?

A
  • Serra Gaucha

- Campanha

1484
Q

What is the name of the 62cl bottle used for Chateau Chalon?

A

Clavelin

1485
Q

What is the synonym of Roussette grape in Roussette de Savoie AOP?

A

Altesse

1486
Q

Describe Geuze beer:

A

Blend of one year-old and two year-old lambics. Fermentation concludes in the bottle

1487
Q

In Sake production, what is the Moromi

A

The main fermentation

1488
Q

What is the flavour and country of origin of Barack Palinka?

A
  • Apricot brandy

- Hungary

1489
Q

What is the styles of Cote de Bordeaux Saint Macaire AOP?

A

Blanc (sec, moelleux, liquoreux)

1490
Q

Name 2 lieux-dits in Fourchaume that may be labelled as Premier Cru Chablis:

A
  • l’Homme Mort
  • Vaupulent
  • Vaulorent
  • Cote de Fontenay
1491
Q

Name 2 lieux-dits in Montee de Tonnerre that may be labelled as Premier Cru Chablis:

A
  • Chapelot
  • Pied d’Aloup
  • Cote de Brechain
1492
Q

Name 2 lieux-dits in Montmains that may be labelled as Premier Cru Chablis:

A
  • Butteaux

- Forets

1493
Q

Name 2 lieux-dits in Vaillons that may be labelled as Premier Cru Chablis:

A
  • Chatains
  • Beugnons
  • Les Lys
  • Melinots
  • Les Epinottes
  • Roncieres
  • Secher
1494
Q

Name the lieux-dits in Beauroy that may be labelled as Premier Cru Chablis:

A
  • Troesmes

- Cote de Savant

1495
Q

Name the lieux-dit in Vosgros that may be labelled as Premier Cru Chablis:

A
  • Vaugirot
1496
Q

Name the lieux-dit in Vau de Vey that may be labelled as Premier Cru Chablis:

A
  • Vaux Ragons
1497
Q

Name the lieux-dit in Les Beauregards that may be labelled as Premier Cru Chablis:

A
  • Cote de Cuissy
1498
Q

Name the lieux-dits in Fourchaume that may be labelled as Premier Cru Chablis:

A
  • Morein

- Cote de Pres Girots

1499
Q

In what village in Cote d’Or is the premier Cru Les Brouillards located?

A

Volnay

1500
Q

In what village in Cote d’Or is the premier Cru Aux Murgers located?

A

Nuits-Saint-Georges

1501
Q

In what village in Cote d’Or is the premier Cru Les Bouchères located?

A

Meursault

1502
Q

What is the encépagement of Coteaux Bourguignons Rouge

A

Principal:

  • Gamay
  • Pinot Noir
  • Cesar (only Yonne department)
1503
Q

What are the 3 General Rules for Membership of Special Club Champagne?

A
  • Viticulture must occur on the estate (only RM producers may join)
  • Vinification and bottling must occur on the estate
  • Members must respect and uphold the Club’s charter
1504
Q

Where are the following Premier Cru Villages located?

  • Bisseuil
  • Cuis
  • Trépail
A
  • Bisseuil – Cote des Blancs
  • Cuis – Cote des Blancs
  • Trépail – Montagne de Reims
1505
Q

What grapes are permitted for Muscat du Cap Corse AOP?

A

Muscat Petit a Grains Blanc

1506
Q

What are three distinct sections of Coulée de Serrant AOP?

A
  • Grand Clos de la Coulee
  • Clos du Chateau
  • Les Plantes
1507
Q

Name three lieux-dits of Cornas:

A
  • La Geynale
  • Reynards
  • Chaillot
  • Les Cotes
  • La Cote
  • Cayret
  • Sauman
  • Patou
  • Les Mazards
  • Thezier
  • Le Pigeonnier
  • Champelrose
  • Les Saveaux-Nord/Sud
1508
Q

Name three lieux-dits of Cornas:

A
  • La Geynale
  • Reynards
  • Chaillot
  • Les Cotes
  • La Cote
  • Cayret
  • Sauman
  • Patou
  • Les Mazards
  • Thezier
  • Le Pigeonnier
  • Champelrose
  • Les Saveaux-Nord/Sud
1509
Q

What are the styles and principal grapes of Buzet Blanc AOP?

A

Blanc, Rose, Rouge

  • Blanc: Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Semillon
  • Rose/Rouge: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Malbec
1510
Q

What does a Gold capsule represent on wines from the Mosel

A

It denotes a wine considered better by the producer. Usually means a Prädikatswein that is sweeter or more intense, or indicates an auction wine made in a very small lot.

1511
Q

Name 2 important Einzellagen from Erden:

A
  • Prälat

- Treppchen

1512
Q

In what Gemeinde is Marcobrunn located?

A

Erbach (Rheingau)

1513
Q

In what Gemeinde is Sackträger located?

A

Oppenheim (Rheinhessen)

1514
Q

What river is Bad Kreuznach located on?

A

Nahe

1515
Q

What are the rules for blending in Wiener Gemischter Satz?

A
  • Wines must be a blend of at least 3 white varieties

- No single variety may compose more than 50% of the blend, and 3 varieties must make up at least 10% each

1516
Q

Name the 3 subzones of Valle d’Aosta:

A
  • Donnas
  • Nus
  • Torrette
1517
Q

What is the ageing requirement for Marsala Superiore SOM “Superior Old Marsala?

A

Min. 2 years in oak or cherry wood

1518
Q

What is the style and auxiliary grapes of Lessini Durello DOC?

A
  • Garganega
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinot Bianco
  • Pinot Nero
1519
Q

Name the DOCGs of Lazio:

A
  • Cannellino di Frascati
  • Cesanese del Piglio
  • Frascati Superiore
1520
Q

What are the DOP regions within Terras do Dao?

A
  • Dao

- Lafoes

1521
Q

What is the style of Pico DOP?

A
  • Branco
  • Espumante
  • Licoroso
1522
Q

The white varietal wines of Toro are produced from what?

A
  • Verdejo
  • Malvasia (Castellano)
  • Albillo
  • Muscat Petit a Grains Blanc
1523
Q

What region are these Vinos de Pago located:

  • Prado de Irache
  • Florentino
  • Aylés
A
  • Prado de Irache – Tierra Estella (Navarra)
  • Florentino – Castilla-La Mancha
  • Aylés – Carinena (Aragon)
1524
Q

What does doble pasta mean in Spanish winemaking?

A

A dry, full-bodied, dark red wine with high alcohol made in the Alicante, Jumilla, Utiel-Requeña, and Yecla districts, by running off of a portion of newly fermented wine and replacing it with crushed grapes. The skin ratio is effectively “doubled” (doble), which increases it colour and alcohol content. This procedure is slowly being replaced by the addition of grape concentrate. It is also known as vino de doble pasta.

1525
Q

What is dead arm disease, another name of it and effects does it have on a vine?

A
  • Fungi
  • Eutypa Dieback
  • Eutypa Dieback causes death of spurs, arms, cordons, canes, and sometimes the upper section of the trunk, depending on the location of the wood canker

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