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DMD5310 Ashman, Chu Occlusion > Ashman Important Stuff > Flashcards

Ashman Important Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the muscle in this image, and what are the two regions called?

A

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Superior head, inferior head

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2
Q

Where is the mandibular fossa?

A

(The mandibular fossa is the depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.)

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3
Q

Where is the articular eminence?

A

(A raised area located on the articulated surface of the temporal bone.)

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4
Q

Where is the articular surface of the condyle?

Where are the synovial membranes (there are 2)?

A
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5
Q

Where is the avascular part of the meniscus?

Where is the synovial membrane?

A
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6
Q

Where is the temporal bone articulating surface?

Where is the superior cavity?

A
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7
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Ginglymo-arthroidal

(Hinging-sliding)

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8
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis

Masseter

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid

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9
Q

Where is the temporalis muscle?

A
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10
Q

Where is the masseter muscle?

A
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11
Q

What are these 2 muscles?

A
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12
Q

What does the lateral pterygoid do?

A

•Lateral opens mouth by depressing the mandible.

  • -“La”: your jaw is now open
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13
Q

What does the medial pterygoid do?

A

•Medial closes the mandible by elevating the mandible.

  • -“Me”: your jaw is still closed
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14
Q

In an arcon articulator, is the condyle part of the upper or lower member of the articulator?

A

It is part of the lower member of the articulator. This is how it is in the human body. Our lab articulators are also arcon.

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15
Q

What happens to the angle between the condylar inclination and the occlusal plane of the maxillary teeth when you open and close an ARCON articulator?

A

The angle stays the same.

∠a1=∠a2

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16
Q

What happens to the angle between the condylar inclination and the occlusal plane of the maxillary teeth on a NON-ARGON articulator when you open and close it?

A

The angle changes between an open (C) and a closed (D) nonarcon instrument ∠a3≠∠a4.

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17
Q

What does a large articulator allow for?

A

It allows for close approximation with the patient’s actual values, and thus an accurate restoration with few adjustments needed.

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18
Q

What is the mandibular hinge axis position?

A
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19
Q

What is “aha”?

A

The articulator hinge axis position

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20
Q

What is noticeable about the “m” and “a” tracings?

A

The tracings are quite close between the mandible “m” and the articulator “a”. This is because the size of the articulator and the mandible are similar.

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21
Q

What is noticeable about the tracings?

A

Because the size of the patient and the size of the articulator are so different, there is a much greater discrepancy in the tracings.

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22
Q

What is the condyle analog on the articulator?

A
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23
Q

What is the impression material that is required for making a cast?

A

Alginate

24
Q

What are 6 tools needed for casting?

A
  1. Measuring devices (for powder and water)
  2. Bowl (rubber, for mixing the alginate)
  3. Spatula (wide blade)
  4. Impression tray (disposable, one for maxillary and one for mandibular)
  5. Impression tray adhesive (spray can)
  6. Mirror (for inspecting oral cavity and retracting the patient’s cheek)
25
Q

What is the steam cleaner for?

Where should you aim it?

A

It shoots a stream of steam for removing wax/debris from casts.

Aim it into the trash can.

26
Q

What is the “sol” state of alginate?

A

When it is soluble and runny. This is when it should be placed in the mouth.

27
Q

What is the “gel” state of alginate?

A

When it is firm and insoluble. This is the state in which it is removed from the patient’s mouth.

28
Q

In the alginate “sol” state, what groups react? What do they react with?

A

The hydroxyl groups react with Na+ or Ca++.

29
Q

In the “sol” state, are the alginate chains linear or cross-linked?

A

Linear

30
Q

In the “gel” state, are the alginate chains linear or cross-linked?

A

Cross-linked (gel network)

31
Q

What chemical ratio is relevant with alginate polymers?

A

Guluronan : Mannuronan

32
Q

What polymeric regions (blocks) in alginate are stretched and flat, forming a weak and elastic gel?

A

Mannuronan (mannuronate)

33
Q

What polymeric regions (blocks) in alginate are less flexible, strong, and brittle? Why?

A

Guluronan (guluronate); one reason is it binds Ca++

34
Q

What is the most common constituent of alginate (56%)? What is its purpose?

A

Diatomaceous earth… It controls the consistency of the mix. It is made of fossilized algae.

35
Q

What is the second most common constituent of alginate (18%)? (It dissolves in water and reacts with calcium.)

A

Potassium alginate

36
Q

What does calcium sulfate dihydrate do as a constituent of alginate?

A

It reacts with potassium alginate to form an insoluble gel.

(This is the 3rd most common ingredient, at 14%)

37
Q

What do potassium sulfate and potassium zinc do?

A

They improve the quality of the stone cast. This is 10% of mix.

38
Q

What alginate ingredient reacts with calcium to control the set time?

A

sodium phosphate (2% of mix)

39
Q

What controls the dust in alginate?

A

Organic glycols

40
Q

What controls microorganism growth in alginate?

A

Disinfectants (1-2% of mix)

41
Q

In the exothermic reaction of stone:

calcium sulfate _______ + 1 1/2 H2O -> calcium sulfate __________ + heat

A

calcium sulfate hemihydrate + 1 1/2 H2O -> calcium sulfate dihydrate + heat

42
Q

In the exothermic reaction of stone:

How much heat is released?

A

3900 cal/g mol

43
Q

What does excess water do to an alginate mix?

A

It increases the overall volume, but it decreases the compressive strength. The molecules are more diffuse.

44
Q

What is the definition of mixing time? How long should we mix?

A

The time required to mix the powder and water. 45-60 seconds.

45
Q

What is the defintion of working time? How long is working time?

A

The time required to deliver the impression material to the mouth before it starts to gel (set). 3-4.5 mins.

46
Q

How does water temperature affect working time?

A

Cold temperature slows the set time.

47
Q

What are tori, and where might you find them (singular is torus)?

A

These are bony growths. They are usually on the lingual surface of the mandible (torus mandibularis). You can also see them on the midline of the palate (torus palatinus).

48
Q

What are exostoses and where do you normally find them?

A

Bony growth, in the premolar area of the buccal maxilla or mandible.

49
Q

If tori or exostoses are present in a patient’s mouth, how should you alter the impression process?

A

You should bend the tray to provide space for them. You could also put wax on the tissue to protect it.

Tori and exostoses have a thin mucosal layer that is easily traumatized and can lead to osteonecrosis if the tissue does not heal.

50
Q

What are 3 things that a suitable impressions shows?

A

1) The surfaces of all the teeth, 2) the depth of the vestibule, 3) the frena

51
Q

How should you retract the commissure of the mouth?

A

Using a mirror

52
Q

What is syneresis?

A

When alginate loses water because it is uncovered. You will see an exudate of water on the surface.

53
Q

What is imbibition?

A

When an impression gains water due to being soaked.

54
Q

What is the problem with artifacts on the cast?

A

Artifacts can cause errors when articulating the casts together. So you should remove the artifacts prior to mounting.

55
Q

What is a bleb?

A

It is a “positive” nodule on a cast.

56
Q
A

DMD5310 Ashman, Chu Occlusion (4 decks)

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