Ashley's 1am deck of tears

Question 1

protein that picks up hemoglobin in the blood, transports to liver for recycling.

Answer 1

haptoglobin

Question 2

If circulating hemoglobin in not captured by transport protein

Answer 2

hemoglobinuria

Question 3

Bilirubin and hemolytic anemia

Answer 3

first is present in urine and feces
second backs up in plasma
third mucocutaneous(icterus)

Question 4

How do we distinguish extravascular from intravascular hemolysis?

Answer 4

intravascular has hemoglobinemia/uria (worse prognosis)

Question 5

poikilocytosis

Answer 5

abnormal shape

Question 6

ancanthocyte v. shistocyte

Answer 6

acanthocyte - uneven star-like projections

shistocyte - chunk missing

Question 7

acanthocytes and schistocytes can indicate

Answer 7

fragmentation hemolysis

Question 8

spherocyte

Answer 8

immune mediated hemolytic anemia (extravascular)
perfectly round, 0 central pallor
MP @ spleen didn’t eat entire cell (hemoglobin leaks out ->hemoglobinemia/uria)

Question 9

eccentrocytes

will often also see

Answer 9

oxidative damage, hemoglobin pushed to side

heinz bodies

Question 10

immune mediated hemolytic anemia lab findings

Answer 10

regenerative anemia, macro/microagglutination, spherocytosis(dogs), neutrophilia, pigmentemia/uria, variable platelets, abnormal liver enzymes

Question 11

agglutination

Answer 11

aggregates stuck due to binding of RBCs by antibodies (IMHA)

Question 12

primary v secondary imha

Answer 12

primary is idiopathic or neonatal

Question 13

ghosts indicate

Answer 13

intravascular hemolysis

Question 14

spherocytes indicate

Answer 14

extravascular hemolysis

Question 15

Lead Poisoning

Answer 15

metarubricytosis w/o polychromasia

Question 16

intramarrow anemia

Answer 16

other cell lines may be involved (dec. WBCs - risk of infection, dec. platelet - risk of hemorrhage)

Question 17

relative erythrocytosis v transient

Answer 17

relative is very common(hemoconcentration), transient common in horses(splenic contraction)

Question 18

absolute erythrocytosis

Answer 18

primary - not EPO issue

secondary - increased EPO production

Question 19

King Charles Spaniels

Answer 19

macrothrombocytopenia (large and less numerous)

Question 20

would need to lose ______ to result in significant throbocytopenia

Answer 20

nearly entire blood volume

Question 21

thrombocytopenia rarely due to

Answer 21

abnormal distribution

Question 22

buccal mucosal bleeding time

Answer 22

to test platelet function, normal time is under 3/4 minutes

Question 23

platelet function defect

Answer 23

acquired(drugs, renal failure) 
or congenital (vonWillebrands disease)

Question 24

Vitamin K dependent coag factors

Answer 24

2(thrombin), 7, 9, 10

strong negative charge, syn in liver

Question 25

sodium citrate tubes

Answer 25

inhibit coagulation by binding calcium

Question 26

PT | prolonged PT?

Answer 26

``` prothrombin time (test of extrinsic and common path) deficiency of factor 7 or common path factors ```

Question 27

PTT

Answer 27

activated partial thromboplastin time | test of intrinsic and common

Question 28

extrinsic path occurs with

Answer 28

strong negative charged membrane

Question 29

feedback with extrinsic and instrinsic path to amplify

Answer 29

extrinsic - 10a -> more 7a | intrinsic - 7a -> 9a

Question 30

steps coag

Answer 30

initiation amplification prolongation

Question 31

when is thrombin burst?

Answer 31

prolongation

Question 32

only important in vitro

Answer 32

in vivo activated by negative charges instead.... but HMWK, PK

Question 33

responsible for degrading clot

Answer 33

plasmin protein C with S antithrombin 3 Tissue Factor pathway inhibitor(TFPI) (7 10)

Question 34

What to use for coagulation testing? | usually specifically?

Answer 34

Plasma! | citrate for anti-coag testing

Question 35

DIC formation

Answer 35

dec. platelets anemia shistocytes acanthocytes

Question 36

inc. FDPs only?

Answer 36

inc. fibrinogenolysis

Question 37

inc. FDPs and D-dimers?

Answer 37

inc. fibrinolysis (DIC, internal hemorrhage)

Question 38

phases and consequences of DIC?

Answer 38

1- hyper coag - thrombus, ischemic necrosis | 2- consumptive - bleeding

Question 39

ACT

Answer 39

activated clotting time (uses patients own factors) (95% deficiency before detected, vs. 70%)

Question 40

hypercoagable state when

Answer 40

protein losing nephropathy bc lose antithrombin 3 in urine

Question 41

von willebrands has a ______ platelet count

Answer 41

normal