Asexual & Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
one advantage of asexual reproduction.
asexual reproduction is that it allows for rapid population growth.
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction that involves the fusion of male and female gametes, genetically diverse offspring.
In sexual reproduction, the offspring inherit_____genetic material from both parents.
genetic material
What are gametes?
Gametes are reproductive cells that unite during sexual reproduction to form a new organism.
True or False: Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells.
True
What is the primary purpose of mitosis?
The primary purpose of mitosis is to enable growth and to replace worn-out or damaged cells.
In which type of cell division does crossing over occur?
Meiosis
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four genetically diverse gametes.
What is the significance of genetic variation in sexual reproduction?
Genetic variation increases the adaptability and survival of a species in changing environments.
What is a zygote?
A zygote is the fertilized egg that results from the fusion of male and female gametes.
What type of cells undergo meiosis?
Germ Cells
What is the end result of meiosis?
The end result of meiosis is four haploid gametes.
The process of _____is when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material
during meiosis.
Crossing Over
True or False: Mitosis is involved in asexual reproduction.
True
Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell’s equator?
Metaphase
What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?
Spindle fibers help separate the chromosomes and pull them to opposite ends of the cell.
What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes (n), while diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes (2n).
Which type of reproduction is faster?
Asexual
What is the main purpose of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
The main purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes for sexual reproduction.
What is the main purpose of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
The main purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes for sexual reproduction.
During _____the nuclear envelope reforms around the separated chromosomes.
telophase
What is an example of an organism that reproduces asexually?
Bacteria are an example of organisms that reproduce asexually.
What are the five stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.
True or False: Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
True.
Fill in the blank: The stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the cell’s equator is called _______.
Metaphase.
What is the primary role of mitosis?
To ensure equal distribution of replicated chromosomes to daughter cells.
During which stage do sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase.
Multiple choice: Which of the following stages is characterized by the condensation of chromatin into visible chromosomes? A) Telophase B) Prophase C) Cytokinesis
B) Prophase.
What structure forms during prophase that helps in the separation of chromosomes?
The mitotic spindle.
True or False: Cytokinesis occurs simultaneously with Telophase.
True.
What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?
It breaks down.
Fill in the blank: During ________, the chromosomes decondense and the nuclear envelope re-forms.
Telophase.
During which stage do the chromosomes become visible under a microscope?
Prophase.
What is the result of cytokinesis in animal cells?
The formation of two separate daughter cells.
Multiple choice: Which stage involves the alignment of chromosomes? A) Anaphase B) Metaphase C) Prophase
B) Metaphase.
What is the role of centrioles during mitosis?
To help organize the mitotic spindle.
True or False: Mitosis occurs in all types of cells.
False; it occurs in somatic (body) cells.
Fill in the blank: The phase where the cell prepares for division by replicating its DNA is called _______.
Interphase.
What is the significance of the spindle checkpoint during mitosis?
To ensure that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding.
During which phase do the chromatids become individual chromosomes?
Anaphase.
Multiple choice: In which phase does the cell undergo the final separation? A) Cytokinesis B) Telophase C) Anaphase
A) Cytokinesis.
What is one key difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse cells.
Fill in the blank: The process of mitosis is critical for _______ and _______ in multicellular organisms.
growth; repair.
True or False: The mitotic spindle is made up of microtubules.
True.
What do we call the point where two sister chromatids are joined?
Centromere.
Multiple choice: Which of the following occurs last in the mitotic process? A) Cytokinesis B) Anaphase C) Prophase
A) Cytokinesis.
What happens to the chromosomes during telophase?
They relax and become less visible.
Fill in the blank: The process by which the cytoplasm divides is known as _______.
Cytokinesis.
Cancer is what?
Malfunction in cell division
What’s a Benign tumor?
Non-cancerous
- slow growth & remains original site
- easy removal
What’s a Malignant Tumor?
Cancerous Tumor
- rapid growth & invade and destroys surrounding tissue
- spreads to other parts of body
-
Define Metastasis
Spread to other parts of body
Cancer Treatment: Slash
Surgery
-
Cancer treatment: Burn
Radiation Therapy
- high energy kills cancer cells or shrink tumor
- Damage to ovaries and testes
Cancer treatments: Poison
Chemotherapy
- drugs to kill cancer or sto growth & division
How is variation in populations generated ?
Random fertilization
