Asexual And Sexual Reproduction In Plants Flashcards
Asexual reproduction
-includes one parent
-the offspring are genetically identical to each other and the parent
-cells are produced by mitosis
-may occur naturally by runners or tubules or bulbs
-can occur artificially by taking cuttings
Sexual reproduction
-two parents are required
-two gametes fuse together to create a new cell
-offspring are genetically varied
Pros of asexual reproduction
-faster don’t have to find a mate
-consistency in the plants produced
Cons of asexual reproduction
-makes the species more susceptible to disease
Pros of sexual reproduction
-offspring genetically varied
-species adapt to a changing environment
Cons of sexual reproduction
-takes longer to find a mate
Anther
-produces male gametes
Filament
-allows positioning of anther so that pollen grains can be distributed
Stigma
-where the pollen grains attach to, often sticky
Style
-positions stigma to accept pollen grains. The pollen tube will grow through the style
Ovary
-contains the ovule, and develops into the fruit after fertilisation
Nectar
-sweet sugary substance that attracts insects, found in the nectary.
Petal
-colourful, and sometimes with special markings, to attract insects for pollination
Sepal
-green leaf like structures that protects the flower in the bud
Ovule
-located inside the ovary, a structure that contains the immature egg cell
How does fertilisation occur in plants
- Pollen transferred from anther to stigma
- The enzymes in the pollen digest the style to form a pollen tube
- The pollen tube enters the ovary through the micropyle
- The pollen nucleus travels down the pollen tube
- Once it enters the ovary it fuses with the egg (fertilisation)
Pollination
Is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the plant
Fertilisation
Is the fusion of male and female gametes (occurs after pollination)
