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Exam 2 > Asepsis2 > Flashcards

Asepsis2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most effective method for preventing hospital-acquired infections?

A

Handwashing

Handwashing significantly reduces the risk of infection transmission in healthcare settings.

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2
Q

List the key strategies for infection prevention.

A
  • Vaccination
  • Environmental Hygiene
  • PPE
  • Infection Control Practices
  • Safe Injection Practices
  • Patient Education

These strategies work together to minimize infection risks in healthcare environments.

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3
Q

Define Medical Asepsis.

A

Clean Technique: Sanitization, Antisepsis, Disinfection

Medical asepsis involves techniques to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms.

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4
Q

What is sanitization?

A

Physically removing microorganisms

Sanitization is a foundational step in infection control.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of antisepsis?

A

Killing microorganisms or limiting their growth on skin & objects

Antisepsis is crucial for preventing infections during medical procedures.

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6
Q

What does disinfection refer to?

A

Killing organisms on objects commonly in contact with clients

Disinfection is essential for maintaining a safe healthcare environment.

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7
Q

What are the types of precautions in infection control?

A
  • Standard
  • Transmission-Based
  • Reverse Isolation

Each type of precaution is designed for specific scenarios to protect patients and healthcare workers.

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8
Q

What does Standard Precautions apply to?

A

All client care

Standard precautions are the basic level of infection control used for all patients.

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9
Q

What are Transmission-Based Precautions based on?

A

Diagnosed or Suspected Infections, Based on Route of Transmission (airborne, droplet, contact)

These precautions are tailored to specific infection risks.

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10
Q

Who requires Reverse Isolation?

A

Clients whose immune systems are not working properly

This is important to protect vulnerable patients from infections.

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11
Q

Which populations are at the greatest risk for infection?

A
  • Infants
  • Elderly

Both groups have unique vulnerabilities due to their immune systems.

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12
Q

What is immunosenescence?

A

Alterations in both innate and adaptive immune responses leading to a decline in immune effectiveness

This phenomenon is particularly relevant in aging populations.

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13
Q

When should soap and water be used for handwashing?

A

When there is visible soiling or dirt, with certain infections, and before/after specific procedures

Alcohol-based hand rubs are effective in many situations but not all.

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14
Q

What are healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?

A

Infections acquired while patients are receiving treatment in a health care facility

HAIs can lead to serious complications and increased healthcare costs.

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15
Q

List the most common sites for nosocomial infections.

A
  • Surgical sites
  • Urinary tract
  • Respiratory tract
  • Bloodstream
  • Skin & soft tissue

These sites are critical for monitoring and prevention efforts.

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16
Q

What is the primary method to prevent HAIs?

A

Handwashing

Effective hand hygiene is fundamental in controlling HAIs.

17
Q

What does DON stand for in PPE application?

A

Donning personal protective equipment

Proper donning techniques are essential to prevent contamination.

18
Q

What is the correct order for DOFFing PPE?

A

Gloves, Gown, Hand Hygiene, Eyewear, Mask, Hand Hygiene

Following the correct order minimizes the risk of exposure.

19
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of infection?

A
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Fatigue
  • Malaise
  • Pain
  • Swelling & Inflammation
  • Tachycardia
  • Tachypnea
  • Cough
  • Dyspnea
  • Changes in Mental Status
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Skin Changes
  • Increased thirst & urination
  • Localized Symptoms

Recognizing these signs is critical for early intervention.

20
Q

How are infections classified?

A
  • Localized
  • Systemic

Understanding the classification aids in diagnosis and treatment.

21
Q

What are the nursing actions for Airborne Precautions?

A
  • Negative pressure room
  • Masks: N95 or respirators

These actions help prevent airborne transmission of infections.

22
Q

What diseases require Droplet Precautions?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Influenza
  • Meningitis
  • Pertussis
  • Mumps
  • Rubella

Each of these diseases can spread through respiratory droplets.

23
Q

What is the purpose of Protective Precautions?

A

To protect immunocompromised patients

These precautions are critical for patients with weakened immune systems.

24
Q

What should be included in discharge instructions for a patient with a surgical wound?

A
  • Wound care
  • Activity restrictions
  • Pain management
  • Nutrition & hydration
  • Follow-up care
  • Signs of complications

Proper education can significantly improve recovery outcomes.

Exam 2 (3 decks)

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