Asepsis/isolation techniques Flashcards
etiology
causation of a disease or condition
contamination
make unclean/impure by contact
infection
invasion of body tissue by disease-producing microorganisms can be symptomatic or asymptomatic
resident flora
normal vegetation in one part of the body which can produce an infection in a different part
asepsis
freedom from disease causing microorganisms
aseptic technique
used to decrease the possibility of transferring microorganisms from one place to another
sepsis
condition in which organ dysfunction occurs secondary to infection
what are four types of microorganisms?
bacteria, viruses, Fungi, parasites
types of bacteria
staphylococcus, stretptococcus
types of viruses
HIV, herpes
types of fungi
yeast, candida
types of parasites
ticks, worms
what is pathogenicity
ability to produce disease
what is virulence?
severity of the disease produced by microorganism and their degree of communicability
What is a true pathogen?
causes disease in a healthy individual
what does opportunistic mean?
causes disease in susceptible host
what is colonization?
presence of microorganisms that become resident flora, grow and multiply, do NOT cause disease
local infection
limited to a specific part of the body where the microorganisms remain
systemic infection
microorganisms spread and damage different parts of the body
infectious agent,
reservoir(source),
portal of exit from reservoir,
mode of transmission,
portal of entry into host,
susceptible host
6 links of infection in order
infectious agent
microorganism,
# of microorganisms,
pathogenicity,
invasiveness
source
people are the most common, animals, environment, plants, person’s own microorganisms, food, water, feces
direct
indirect
airborne
what are modes of transmission
mouth
nose
vagina
urethra
rectum
open wounds-drainage
(MNVURO-W)
portals of exit & portal of entry
what is a vehicle indirect mode of transmission?
fomites, water, food, blood
what is a vector indirect mode of transmission?
animals, insects
- very young
- very old
- people with compromised immune systems(immunoglobulin deficiencies)
- Stressors
- clients receiving immune suppression for cancer/ or after organ transplant
- chronic illness
- organ transplant
who are people who are susceptible hosts?
skin problems
Medications
malnutrition
fatigue
stress
poor hygiene
chronic illness
age extremes
hereditary
(SMMFS(PH)(CI)AH
factors increasing susceptibility to infection
what is CDC?
research organization
provides guidelines
no regulatory or legal enforcement
OSHA
concerned with the well being of workers
Gov’t agency with regulatory authority
JCAHO
accreditation org. for health care facilities
monitors compliance with infection control standards
Medical asepsis
limits the number, growth, and transmission of microorganisms
surgical asepsis
concerned with keeping an area “free” of all microorganisms
- before touching a patient
- before clean/aseptic procedure
- after body fluid exposure risk
- after touching a patient
- after touching a patients surroundings
when to wash hands
disinfectant
chemical agent used on inanimate objects
(caustic/ toxic to tissue)
antiseptic
used on skin/tissue
have bactericidal(destroys bacteria), bacteriostatic(prevents growth/reproduction of bacteria)properties
Sterilization
process that destroys all microorganisms including spores/viruses
hand hygiene
PPE
safe injection practices
safe handling of contaminated equipment/waste
Respiratory hygiene
what do standard precautions include?
when 3 ft. from client with disease that is transported by droplets(measles, mumps)
when to wear face mask
TB
wear respirator mask
client needs to have on face mask when not in room
patient door closed
measles
airborne precautions
wear mask within 3 ft of client and goggles/facemask
- client needs to wear surgical mask when leaving room
- diphtheria, mumps, rubella
flu
Covid
pertussis
droplet precautions
herpes zoster, wound infections, MRSA,
C-diff, VRE, RSV
drainage from wounds, fecal incontinence
wear gloves and gown
contact precautions
