Asepsis/Infection Control Flashcards
Native Immunity (passive)
Provides the early line of defense.. Restricts entry of foreign organism through activation of phagocytic cells. (ex: skin, mucous membranes; secretions, inflammatory response)
What is the first line of defense?
Skin
True or False
We are born with native (passive) immunity
True
Why is inflammatory response important?
To prevent infection
What is stage 1 inflammatory response?
Redness
Warmth
Edema
What is stage 2 inflammatory response?
Micro-organisms are killed
WBCs accumulate and educate appears
What is stage 3 inflammatory response?
Remodelling and Maturation of the skin.. Damage tissue replaced by scar tissue
What is the difference between local inflammation and systemic inflammation?
Local: not infection
Systemic: overall body change (infected and into the bloodstream)
What are the symptoms for local inflammation?
Erythema (redness)
Edema (swelling)
Function loss
Heat
Pain
Specific Adaptive Immunity
Antibodies produced in response to an antigen
(if you had influenza, you have a specific adaptive immunity to it, or if you get a vaccination for influenza)
What are the symptoms for systemic inflammation?
Fever (tachycardia, tachypnea)
Leukocytosis (increased WBCs)
Nausea
Fatigue
Enlarged lymph nodes
True or False
We are born with specific adaptive (active) immunity
FALSE
We receive the immunity as time goes on (booster for a vaccine)
What are the 6 terms that are involved in the Chain of Infection?
Infectious (causative) agent
Reservoirs
Portals of exit
Mode of transmission
Portals of entry
Susceptible host
Causative agent
bacteria, virus, fungus, prion, parasite
Reservoir
human, animal, food,organic matter on inanimate surfaces, water, soil, insects
Portal of exit
means for leaving (blood, secretions, excretions, skin, respiratory tract, GI tract, ect)
Mode of transmission
contact (physical, contact, droplet, airborne, vector borne)
how did the infectious agent transfer to the human, inanimate object, ect)
Portal of entry
the host (mucous membrane, respiratory, digestive, broken skin)
Susceptible host
immunocompromised, breaks in skin, diabetes, burns, surgery, age
What is Health Care Associated Infection (HAI)?
An infection that a patient acquires while receiving care in a healthcare setting (aka nosocomial infection)
Medical Asepsis vs Surgical Asepsis
medical: clean techniques used for all patients on bedside (administering medications, NG tubes, personal hygiene
Surgical: sterile technique typically used in the OR (indwelling catheters, surgical procedures, sterile dressing changes)
Standard Precautions
used for all patients
Contact Precautions
Precautions used within 3 ft from the patient
CDiff, MRSA
Airborne Precautions
used to protect against infections smaller than 5mcg
Measles, Varicella, TB
Droplet Precautions
used to protect against infections larger than 5mcg and travel 3-6 ft
Mumps, Influenza, Pertussis
What is a protective environment?
a private room with positive airflow that protects immunocompromised patients
List the correct order for donning PPE
Gown
Mask/ respirator
Goggles
Gloves (covering the cuff of the gown)
List the correct order for doffing PPE
Gloves
Goggles
Gown
Mask/ repirator
What PPE would you use for standard precautions?
- hand hygiene
- if there is potential splashing, wear masks, eye protection, and face shield.
- gloves
What PPE would you wear for airborne precautions?
- hand hygiene
- gown
- masks/N95
- face shield if exposed to any bodily fluids
- gloves
What PPE would you wear for droplet precautions?
- handwashing
- gown
- mask
- gloves
What PPE would you wear for contact precautions?
- hand washing
- gown
- gloves
