Asepsis Chapter Flashcards
invasion of a susceptible host by microorganism (pathogens) resulting in disease
infection
when a MO invades the host but does not cause infection
colonization
the presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the blood or body tissues
sepsis
an infectious disease transmitted directly from one person to another is considered a
contagious or communicable disease
if pathogens cause clinical signs and symptoms the infection is ______. if not it is ________
symptomatic; asymptomatic
the ability to produce disease
virulence
a microorganism that causes disease
pathogen
an effort to keep patients as fee from exposure to infection causing pathogens as possible
aseptic technique
includes procedures used to reduce the # and prevent the spread of microorganisms
medical asepsis or clean technique
includes procedures to eliminate ALL microorganisms from an area
surgical asepsis or sterile technique
Chain of infection:
infectious agent reservoir portal of exit modes of transmission portal of entry susceptible host
etiologic agent
microorganism (MO)
reservoir
place where the MO usually resides
portal of exit
from the reservoir (cough, etc.)
mode of transmission
after MO leaves its reservoir it requires a means of transport to reach another person or host through
portal of entry
entrance into the body, often MOs enter the same way they exit
susceptible host
any person who is at risk for infection
4 types of MO that cause infection
viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi
most common MO that causes infection
bacteria
infection that results from delivery of services in healthcare facility
nosocomial or health care acquired infections
HAI risk factors
invasive procedures, prolonged hospital stay, lowered resistance to infection due to underlying med condition, treatments with mult antibiotics for long periods of time
types of HAI
exogenous, endogenous
from MO outside the individual
exogenous HAI
when the patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results
endogenous HAI
common sites for HAI infections
Urinary tract, surgical or traumatic wounds, respiratory tract, bloodstream
the cellular response of body to injury or infection
inflammation
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function
the body’s response to foreign material
immune response
3 mechanisms of transmission
direct, indirect, airborne
immediate transfer from one person to another. Could be touching, kissing, biting, or sex. Droplet spread is one form - 5 feet.
direct transmission
there’s an object, insect, or animal between people
indirect transmission
two types of indirect transmission
vehicle borne or vector borne
any substance that serves as a means to transport and introduce MO into susceptible host thru portal of entry
vehicle borne
an animal or insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting an infectious agent
vector borne
may involve droplets or dust
airborne transmission
residue of evaporated droplets by an infected host
droplet nuclei
older adult considerations in infection
decreased immunity
dry mucous membranes
decreased secretions
decreased elasticity in tissues
protect the person against all MO regardless of prior exposure
nonspecific body defenses
is directed against identifiable bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other MO
specific (immune) defenses
types of nonspecific defenses
anatomical and physiological barriers inflammatory response vascular and cellular response exudate production reparative phase
3 stages of inflammatory response
1st: Vascular and cellular response
2nd: exudate production
3rd: reparative phase
adaptive mechanism that destroys or dilutes the agent, prevents further spreading of injury & promotes repair of damaged tissue
inflammatory response
3 types of transmission based precautions
airborne, droplet, and contact
transmitted by airborne droplets less than 5 microns
i.e. measles, varicella, TB
airborne precautions
transmitted by particle droplets nuclei greater than 5 (i.e. diphtheria, pneumonia, scarlet fever)
droplet precautions
transmitted by direct client contact or items in their environment
i.e. C. difficile, herpes virus, impetigo, scabies
contact precautions
all infections and infectious diseases are reported to :
infection control nurse
implements OSHA protocols such as blood borne pathogen exposure plan
ICN
