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Nursing Foundations 2 > Asepsis and Infection Control > Flashcards

Asepsis and Infection Control Flashcards

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1
Q

Infection

A

Condition in which the body is invaded by microorganisms that can produce injurious effects

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2
Q

Resident (normal) Flora

A

Microorganisms that are always present without altering the client’s health

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3
Q

Transient Flora

A

Microorganisms that are episodic (of limited duration)

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4
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease-producing microorganisms

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5
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability of microorganisms to produce disease

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6
Q

Virulence

A

Frequency with which a pathogen causes disease

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7
Q

Infectious Agent

A

Microorganism that causes cellular injury

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8
Q

Communicable Agent

A

Infectious agent transmitted to a client by direct or indirect contact, through a vehicle or vector or an airborne route.

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9
Q

Generalized Infection

A

Vague - may include headache, malaise, muscle aches, fever, anorexia. whole body involvement

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10
Q

Septicemia

A

Microorganisms are present and multiplying in the blood

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11
Q

Reservior

A

Where infectious agents live, multiply, and reproduce in order to be transmitted to a susceptible host.

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12
Q

Portal of Exit

A

Route by which the infectious agent leaves the reservoir or source host. May be the same as the Portal of entry.

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13
Q

Mode of transmission

A

How the pathogen moves from one location to another

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14
Q

Contact

A

two - direct and indirect

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15
Q

Direct Contact

A

person to person

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16
Q

Indirect

A

spreading of organisms by contact with contaminated objects

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17
Q

Airborne

A

Spreading of infectious material in dust particles or evaporated droplets that can stay suspended in air for long periods of time.

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18
Q

Droplet

A

Occurs during talking, sneezing, suctioning.

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19
Q

Common Vehicle

A

Agent transferred by contaminated inanimate objects like water food milk drugs and blood.

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20
Q

Vector-Borne

A

Transfer of microorganisms from infected animal carriers

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21
Q

Portal of Entry

A

Includes the respiratory tract, skin, mucous membranes, GI tract, genitourinary tract, and placenta.

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22
Q

Susceptible Host

A

Factors that contribute to people being susceptible:
very young
old age
mal-nourishment
being immunocompromised
having a chronic disease
being under stress
undergoing an invasive procedure
compromised skin integrity

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23
Q

Primary Defenses

A

Skin and mucous membranes
Gastric Juices

24
Q

Secondary Defences

A

Inflammatory Process
Elevated Temp
Complement Cascade

25
Q

Tertiary Defenses

A

Specialized WBC called lymphocytes (B and T cells) that fight infections. Search for invading pathogens and signal phagocytes to destroy them.

26
Q

Immunity

A

The ability of the body to protect itself from disease

27
Q

Natural Immunity

A

Occurs in species and prevents one species from contracting an illness found in another species

28
Q

Innate Immunity

A

Genetic, hereditary immunity that a person is born with

29
Q

Acquired immunity

A

Obtained either actively or passively

30
Q

Active Immunity

A

Antibodies are produced within the body

31
Q

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

A

Natural contact with antigen

32
Q

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

A

Immunization with antigen. Vaccines contain antigens that trigger the immune response when they enter the body.

33
Q

Passive Immunity

A

Antibodies are received from another source

34
Q

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

A

Immunity is transferred directly into the individual via antibodies (like mom to baby)

35
Q

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

A

Injection of antitoxin or immune globulin preparations.

36
Q

Infection Lab Tests

A

Culture & Sensitivity

37
Q

Culture

A

Used to identify the causative agent

38
Q

Sensitivity

A

Used to determine which antibiotic the pathogen is sensitive to

39
Q

Communicable Disease

A

Transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another

40
Q

World Health Organization (WHO) and CDC

A

Monitor disease outbreaks and teach standards to use, prevent and control disease

41
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI)

42
Q

Community Acquired Infection (CAI)

A

Present before admission to the hospital

43
Q

Standard Precautions

A

Group of safety measures performed to prevent the transmission of the pathogens found in the blood and body fluids

44
Q

Airborne Precautions

A

-Private room with regulated air flow
-Keep door closed
-Do not enter room if susceptible, unless no immune caregivers available
-If Susceptible, wear N95 or HEPA respirator mask
-Limit patient transport
-Place surgical mask on patient

45
Q

Droplet Precautions

A

-Provide private room or separation of at least 3 feet between pat
-Wear mask for patient care within 3 feet of patient
-Limit patient transport, place surgical mask on patient

46
Q

Contact Precaution

A

-Provide private room or place with patient with same infection and no other Infection -Protect self and others from contaminated items -Limit patient transport -Dedicate the use of non-critical patient care equipment to a single patient

47
Q

Asepsis

A

Practices that decrease or eliminate infectious agents, their reservoirs, and vehicles for transmission

48
Q

Medical Asepsis

A

Practices that confine or reduce the number of microorganisms

49
Q

Medical Asepsis Priciples

A

*Microorganisms exist everywhere

*Best methods for reducing transmission:

*Major Reservoirs:

*Clean environment decreases microorganisms

*Clean from cleanest to dirtiest

50
Q

Medical Asepsis Practices

A

*Antimicrobial agents

*Hand washing

*Personal protective equipment

*Confining soiled articles

*Keep environment clean

51
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A

Free of Microorganisms

52
Q

Surgical Asepsis Practices

A
  • All objects used in sterile field must be sterile

*Sterile items become contaminated when touched by unsterile

*Sterile items that are below waist or out of eyesight are considered unsterile

*Sterile objects can become unsterile by prolonged exposure to airborne microorganisms

*Fluids flow in direction of gravity

*Moisture passes through sterile object draws microorganisms from unsterile surfaces about or below the sterile surface by capillary action

*Edges of sterile field are considered unsterile

*Skin cannot be sterilized and is unsterile

53
Q

Treatments for infectious diseases

A

*bactericidal antibiotics
*bacteriostatic antibiotics

54
Q

Bactericidal Antibiotics

A

Destroy bacteria without the help of the infected host’s immune system

55
Q

Bacteriostatic Antibiotics

A

Destroy bacteria with the help of the infected hosts immune system

56
Q
A

Nursing Foundations 2 (1 decks)

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