asepsis Flashcards
antiseptic
chemical agent that prevents growth, applied to living tissue
disinfectant
chemical agents that kills pathogens, applied to inanimate material
asepsis
prevent contact with pathogens
cross infection
transmission of pathogenic or potentially paythogenic orgs between PATIENTS
santize
remove microflora and debris
sterilize
destroy all life
sepsis
presence of pathogenic/potentially pathogenic microorgs in blood/tissues
autoclave standards
121C; 15PSI (2atm)
15 min — proteins adn DNA unfold
what affects death rate
nature of organism, concentration agent, Temp, organic matter/pH effect, concentration cells, time
radiation
- deinococcus radiodurans is industry standard
- ionize = Xrays, gamma rays
physical methods
- autoclave (proteins uunfold)
- dry heat (oxidize)
- filtration
- chemiclave (proetin dentare, alkylation)
- ethylene oxide (alkylation) ** for heat sensitive instruments
major chemical disinfectants (standard = tuberculosis, so it is called tuberculocidal)
halogens (bleach)
glutaraldehyde (cold sterilization)
surfactants, alcohols (both denature proteins and disrupt membranes)
quality assurance in autoclaves
- process indicator = tape on outside, from steam - that means it has been in a machine
- class 5 indicator = put inside EVERY package, react to all critical values
- biol. indicators = use once a week, in own package, culture spores for 2 days and if no growth then all is dead (geo.thermophils)
critical level
STERILIZE: anything that touches bone, penetrates tissue (forceps, scalpels, scalers)
semi critical
STERILIZE or HIGH LEVEL DISINFECT. touch mucous membranes (mirrors, amalgam condensers)
