Asepsis

Question 1

Sepsis is

Answer 1

the breakdown of living tissue by the action of microorganisms
and is usually accompanied by inflammation.

Question 2

Asepsis

Answer 2

refers to the avoidance of sepsis.

Question 3

Medical asepsis

Answer 3

is the attempt to keep patients, health care staff, and
objects as free as possible of agents that cause infection.

Question 4

Surgical asepsis

Answer 4

is the attempt to prevent microbes from gaining access to
traumatic surgically created wounds

Question 5

Antiseptic and disinfectant

Answer 5

. Both refer to substances that can prevent the
multiplication of organisms capable of causing infection. The difference is
that antiseptics are applied to living tissue, whereas disinfectants are
designed for use on inanimate objects.

Question 6

Sterility

Answer 6

is the freedom from viable forms of microorganisms. It represents
an absolute state; there are no degrees of sterility.

Question 7

Sanitization is

Answer 7

the reduction of the number of viable microorganisms to
levels judged safe by public health standards.

Question 8

Decontamination

Answer 8

is similar to sanitization, except it is not connected to
public health standards.

Question 9

The bacteria that cause infection
are

Answer 9

most commonly part of the indigenous
bacteria that normally live on or in the host.
(e.g bacteria causing dontogenic infections)
Ex . normal oral flora consists of aerobic, gram-
positive cocci

Question 10

Viruses that cause the most difficulty

Answer 10

hepatitis B and C viruses, and HIV

Hepatitis virus is exceptionally resistant to desiccation

HIV loses its infectivity once desiccated. In addition,
Extremely few people carrying the HIV, secrete the virus in
their saliva.

Question 11

All patients infected with HIV who have

Answer 11

CD4+
T-lymphocyte counts of less than 200/uL

Question 12

The only mycobacterial
organism of significance to most dentists is

Answer 12

Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is transmitted
primarily through exhaled aerosols

Question 13

Techniques of Instrument Sterilization

Answer 13

1. Physical
   • Heat
   • Mechanical dislodgment
   • Radiation
   • Ethylene oxide gas
2. Chemical
   • Antiseptics
   • Disinfectant

Question 14

Dry Heat:
By using

Answer 14

a thermostatically controlled oven and a timer. Dry heat is most commonly used to sterilize
glassware and bulky items that can withstand heat

Question 15

Dry Heat , advantages and disadvantages

Answer 15

The advantages of dry heat are the relative ease of
use and the unlikelihood of damaging heat-resistant
instruments. Low cost.

The disadvantages are the
time necessary and the potential damage to heat-
sensitive equipment.

Question 16

Moist heat is more efficient than dry heat for sterilization because

Answer 16

it is effective at much lower temperatures and requires less time.

Question 17

The container usually used for providing steam under pressure is known as

Answer 17

An autoclave

Question 18

Moist Heat advantages and disadvantages

Answer 18

The advantages of sterilization with moist heat are its effectiveness,
speed, and the relative availability

Disadvantages include the tendency of moist heat to dull and
rust instruments, the cost and complexity of autoclaves.

Question 19

Guide line for dry-heat and steam sterilisation

Answer 19

116c = 60 min
118c = 36 min
121c = 24 min
125c = 16 min
132c = 4 min
138c = 1.5 min

Question 20

In gaseous sterilisation…

Answer 20

Ethylene oxide is the most commonly
used. At 50

Question 21

Gaseous sterilisation advantages and disadvantages

Answer 21

The advantages of ethylene oxide for
sterilization are its effectiveness for
sterilizing porous materials, large
equipment, and materials sensitive
to heat or moisture

The disadvantages are the need for
special equipment and the length of
sterilization, ethylene oxide is toxic
and flamable.

Question 22

Chemical disinfectants,
Substances acceptable for disinfecting
dental instruments for surgery include

Answer 22

include glutaraldehyde, iodophors, chlorine
compounds, and formaldehyde; glutaraldehyde ( for 10 min or more , brand names cidex and omnicide) containing compounds are the most commonly used.

Question 23

absolutely sterile surgical field is

Answer 23

impossible

Question 24

Surgical field maintenance ex

Answer 24

by use of
a flat platform, and two layers of
sterile towels or waterproof
paper

Question 25

In Hand and arm preparation , The three antiseptics most commonly used in dentistry are :

Answer 25

(1) iodophors,
(2) chlorhexidine, and (3) hexachlorophene.

Question 26

The two basic types of personnel asepsis to be discussed are

Answer 26

(a) the clean
technique and (b) the sterile technique.

Question 27

Clean technique is used for

Answer 27

office-based
surgery that does not specifically require a sterile technique ( no skin
incisions).

Question 28

The sterile technique is used for

Answer 28

is used for office-based surgery
when skin incisions are made or when surgery is performed in an
operating room.

Question 29

The theory on which the universal precautions
concept is based

Answer 29

is that protection of self, staff,
and patients from contamination by using barrier
techniques when treating all patients as if they all
had a communicable disease ensures

Question 30

barrier technique

Answer 30

Techniques that prevent the transfer of pathogens from
one person to another are referred

Question 31

most commonly used barriers are:

Answer 31

Mask
Gowns
Caps and shoe covering
Gloves