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Question 1

Why is awareness towards nutrition important?

Answer 1

Good: positive eating habits can support health benefits

Bad: Carelessness about food choices can contribute to many chronic diseases

Question 2

What’s the difference between chronic diseases and acute diseases?

Answer 2

In general, a chronic disease progresses slowly or with little change and lasts a long time.

“chronos” = time

An Acute disease develops quickly, produces sharp symptoms and runs a short course

“acute” = sharp

Question 3

Why is finding a nutritionally-balanced diet a challenge?

Answer 3

Foods bring to the table a variety of pleasures, traditions and associations – along with nourishment. Some foods are delicious, but not nutritious.

The challenges is to combine favourite foods and fun-times foods with a nutritionally balanced diet.

Question 4

Define “nutrition”

Answer 4

The science of foods and the nutrients they contain, and of their actions within the body. Including:

-ingestion
-digestion
absorption
transport
metabolism
excretion

A broader definition includes the social economic, cultural and physiological implications of food and eating food.

Question 5

Define “foods”

Answer 5

Products derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy and nutrients for the maintenance of life and the growth and repair of tissues

Question 6

Define “diet”

Answer 6

the foods and beverages a person eats and drinks

Question 7

What is the #1 reason of how people choose foods?

Answer 7

Personal preference in taste and flavour varies widely person to person.

i.e. salty vs sweet lovers
i.e. spicy foods in mexico vs canada
i.e. genetics influence taste perceptions (likes and dislikes)

Question 8

Why is “habit” relevant to people’s food choices?

Answer 8

People sometimes select foods out of habit. Eating a familiar food and not having to make any decisions can be comforting.

i.e. They eat cereal every morning, simply because they always only eat cereal for breakfast.

Question 9

Other than “personal preference” and “habit,” what are some other reasons why and how people choose the foods they consume?

Answer 9

Ethnic Heritage and traditions

Social interactions (eating with friends)

Availability, convenience and economy (quick and easy to buy and eat)

Positive and negative associations (cake for birthdays; chicken soup when sick; parents inadvertently teach children their likes/dislikes through food reward and punishment)

Emotions (can’t eat when feeling bad; eating out of boredom; foods and alcohol when feeling sad or depressed)

Values and religious beliefs (i.e halal and kosher foods; fasting)

Body weight and body image (decisions based on science vs. fads; bad advice and fat phobia; eating disorders; athlete diets)

Nutrition and health benefits (foods that provide functional and nutritional benefits. i.e. “whole foods”; phytochemical; plant sterols for lowering blood cholesterol; Mediterranean diet)

Question 10

Define “functional foods”

Answer 10

foods that contain physiologically-active compounds that provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions; sometimes called “designer foods” or “nutraceuticals”

Question 11

Define “phytochemicals”

Answer 11

non-nutrient compounds found in plant-derived foods that have biological activity in the body

“photo” = plant

Question 12

List the 6 classes of nutrients.

Answer 12

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water

Question 13

Explain the importance of eating to receive nourishment.

Answer 13

The ongoing growth, maintenance and repair of the body’s tissues depend on the ENERGY and the NUTRIENTS received from foods.

Nutrients that foods deliver shows how they participate in the dynamic process that keeps people alive and well

Question 14

Explain the relevance of “nutrient composition of the human body” and the foods they eat.

Answer 14

A chemical analysis of your body would show that it’s made of similar materials to those found in foods.

I.e. healthy 70kg body contains:
-42kg of water
-10-20kg of fat
-remaining weight is mostly protein, carbs, and major minerals of the bones
-trace amounts of vitamins and other minerals constitute the rest

Question 15

What are “essential nutrients”?

Answer 15

The body can make some nutrients, but it cannot make them all (or in small amounts). Essential nutrients we MUST supply our bodies; it means “needed from outside the body”

Question 16

What are the four “energy-yielding nutrients”?

Answer 16

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins

These nutrients provide energy to the body. Often called macronutrients.

Contrast: vitamins, minerals and water do not give energy to the body (micronutrients)

Question 18

Explain how nutrients differ in energy yield.

Answer 18

1 g of a carb = 4kcal
1 g of protein also = 4kcal
1 g of fat = 9kcal

Because fat provides more energy per gram. it has a greater “energy density” than carbs and proteins.

Question 19

Define “energy density”

Answer 19

a measure of the energy a food provides relative to the amount of food (kcal per gram)

Question 20

Which food has higher energy density?

Eggs w/ toast and sausage and fruit

vs

Two donuts and a large cup of coffee

Answer 20

Higher energy density = Two donuts and a large cup of coffee

Remember: it’s measured kcal per gram

Question 21

Define “nutrient density”

Answer 21

A measure of the nutrients a food provides vs. the energy it provides.

The more nutrients & fewer kcal = the HIGHER nutrient density

Question 22

Other than providing energy, what are some other roles of energy-yielding nutrients?

Answer 22

Macronutrients provide the raw materials for the building of tissues and regulating its many activities.

Protein’s role in muscle and skin regulation of digestion and energy metabolism.

Question 23

What’s the difference between vitamins and minerals?

Answer 23

vitamins = ORGANIC. Essential nutrients required in amounts in the body for health

minerals = INORGANIC elements. Some minerals are essential nutrients required in small amounts for health.

Question 24

Explain the relevance of water in our bodies?

Answer 24

Water provides the environment for nearly all of the body’s activities. It participates in MANY metabolic reactions and supplies a vessel for transporting vital materials to cells and carrying waste products out.