ASD Test 3 Flashcards
What are some of the complications that can result form exposure to fetal cocaine?
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR); baby below the 10th weight percentile for his/her age (in weeks)
Premature birth
Low birth weight
Pattern of intellectual and cognitive deficits
Deficits in hearing & sight
Compromised nervous system
Difficulties in school performance
What are some of the complications that can result from maternal smoking?
Lower birth weight
Increased risk of developmental disabilities (such as LD)
Increased risk for hyperactivity, impulsivity,
& attention span
What are complications that can result form Preinatal birth?
Hard labor
Prolonged labor
Fetal distress
Anoxia
These things may lead to problems in neurobehavioral
development.
Higher rate of birth complications among children with LD.
What are some of the complicatios that can result form Postnatal birth?
Head injuries: effects learning; emotional and behavior characteristics
Lead exposure: can cause ID, seizures, irritability, hyperactivity, LD, gastrointestinal problems, etc.
What are some of the Genetic factors associated with LD?
Reading disabilities do run in families
Inherited at a rate of 50%
May be linked to a marker on chromosome 15p
Phonological segmentation difficulties may be linked to chromosome 6
What are some of the chromosomal disorders associated with LD?
- Turner’s Syndrome
- Klinefelter Syndrome
- Fragile X Syndrome
Why is the definition of LD difficult to agree on?
Difficutlties associated with LD
- phonological awareness
- memorization of sound-symbol association
- speed of pronouncing words for reading
- comprehension of sentences and paragraphs
- memory for reading
- summarization of information that was read
spelling difficulties related to remembering letters and sounds
visualization of words for spelling
application of spelling rules consistently for words and in written narratives
fine motor coordination for handwriting
writing mechanics (punctuation, spelling, grammar)
organization of written narratives
conceptual knowledge of math
What is ASHA definition of LD?
“Specific LD means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations. The term includes such conditions as perceptual handicaps, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. The term does not include children who have learning problems which are primarily the result of visual, hearing or motor handicaps, of mental retardation, or emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural or economic disadvantage.”
What are some of the Genetic and environmental things invovlved with ADHD?
- Over 25% of first-degree relatives (mothers, fathers, siblings) of children with ADHD also have ADHD
- Significant relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy and child’s risk for developing ADHD
- Similarly with children exposed to alcohol in utero
What is the DM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD?
Symptoms in the areas of:
- Inattention
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
- Symptoms have persisted for over 6 months
- Must present at “a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level”
- Some symptoms present before 7 years old
Demonstrated in two or more settings (school, home, community, work)
ADHD- NOS category for disorders that have symptoms similar to ADHD but do not meet the criteria
What about Comorbidity in ADHD?
ADHD coexists with many other
conditions and syndromes
* caution – need to attempt to determine if the ADHD is being demonstrated as a part of a diagnosed condition (e.g., ASD); or if it is occurring concurrently.
What are some of the facts about co-occuring ADHD nad Tourette Syndrome?
- Comorbidity rates of TS and ADHD = approximately 55-94%
- TS organic disorder that is hereditary
- TS has a biological basis
- Most severe of the continuum of tic disorders
- Tics are the most common involuntary movement disorder of childhood (4-5% of school-age pop)
How is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome acquired?
- Alcohol-related birth defects are completely preventable.
- We do not know what, if any, amount of alcohol is safe.
- The risk of a baby being born with any of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders increases with the amount of alcohol a pregnant woman drinks, as does the likely severity of the condition.
- Health professionals should inquire about alcohol consumption by women of childbearing age, inform them of the risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and advise them not to drink alcoholic beverages during pregnancy.
- “It’s in the child’s best interest for a pregnant woman to simply not drink alcohol.”
What are some of the discriminating features for diagnosis FAS?
What are some of the spectrum of Clinical symptoms associated with FAS?
- Intellectual Disability
- Learning disability
- ADHD
- Poor memory and recall
- Poor compliance
- Poor planning and impulsivity
- Abstraction difficulties
