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Question 1

Instrument-based questions
§ Statistical Analysis
§ Surveys and experiments

Answer 1

Quantitative

Question 2

Emergent methods
§ Open-ended questions
§ Interviews, case studies & ethnographies

Answer 2

Qualitative

Question 3

Both quantitative and qualitative
methods are used

Answer 3

Mixed Methods

Question 4

involves the analysis of
data such as words (e.g. from interviews),
pictures (e.g. video), or objects (e.g. artifacts).

Answer 4

Qualitative research

Question 5

involves analysis of
numerical data.

Answer 5

Quantitative research

Question 6

helps
decide if the study is exploratory,
descriptive, and/or conducted to test
hypothesis.

Answer 6

Purpose of the study

Question 7

❏ Causal, correlational, or group differences.
❏ Is the research trying to determine reasons or not?
❏ Is the study causal or non-causal?
❏ Is there control on independent variables?
❏ Will there be interventions to be introduced whose
effects will be measured?

Answer 7

Types of investigation

Question 8

Extent to which the researcher would interfere with
the normal flow of events.
❏ Research that does not deliberately attempt to
change or manipulate variables (i.e. work setting for
a field study).

Answer 8

Research control and concerns preventing/
limiting influences/effects on the dependent
variable.

Question 9

Is it a contrived setting or not?
❏ Field studies are generally not contrived.
❏ It may not be possible to control
contaminating factors in the workplace;
so the researcher makes a new setting
away from the place where events
normally occur.

Answer 9

Study setting.

Question 10

It is the level of aggregation or
grouping of data during its
subsequent analysis (i.e. population
to be studied).
❏ Is it individual, household,
group/association, or community
level?

Answer 10

Sampling unit of analysis.

Question 11

Cross-sectional. A study that calls
for data gathering at a single time
(but data gathering may extend
over days, weeks and months).
❏ Longitudinal. A phenomenon is
studied at several points in time to
answer the research question (e.g.
before and after)

Answer 11

Time horizon.

Question 12

A study that calls
for data gathering at a single time
(but data gathering may extend
over days, weeks and months).

Answer 12

Cross-sectional.

Question 13

Data collection can occur from
various and in many different ways
(i.e. sampling).
❏ Surveys are the primary method of
quantitative research. Sampling and
return rate are two important issues
to consider.

Answer 13

Data collection method.