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ASCP MB Exam > ASCP MB Exam > Flashcards

ASCP MB Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What assay amplifies the target using a combination of a three-enzyme system?

A

Nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA)

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2
Q

In real-time PCR, what is amplified?

A

The target

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3
Q

Consider the probe sequence, CTACCGTAATATTCGACCGT, to be used in a hybridization procedure. What is the melting temperature, Tm, of the sequence?

A

58C

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4
Q

Splicing

A

is not a source of DNA damage

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5
Q

Which type of RNA molecule is responsible for transporting amino acids during protein synthesis?

A

tRNA

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6
Q

Given the anti-sense strand of DNA: 5’-AATTGCCGACATAGAT-3’ what is the sense strand?

A

5’-ATCTATGTCGGCAATT-3

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7
Q

What adjustment is unlikely to increase the specificity of a PCR reaction?

A

Decreasing the annealing temp of primers

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8
Q

Components of nucleic acids

A

phosphate group
sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
nitrogenous base

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9
Q

What characteristic of the genetic code facilitates ID of open reading frames in DNA sequences

A

Out-of-frame or chance consecutive codons tend to be short, often ending in a stop codon

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10
Q

On a size-exclusion column, large molecules will elute ____ small molecules

A

Before

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11
Q

MALDI methods separate ions by

A

mass and charge regardless of volume

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12
Q

What is a heteroduplex

A

One double-stranded DNA molecule w/one or more non-complementary bases

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13
Q

What method IDs the presence of a mutation but not the mutant sequence

A

SSCP

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14
Q

What is the function of DNA in the cell?

A

To act as a storage system for genetic information

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15
Q

How do purines and pyrimidines differ?

A

Purines have a double ring, pyrimidines have a single ring

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16
Q

Which of the ribose carbons participate in the phosphodiester bond?

A

The 5’ C connects to a hydroxyl group on the 3’ ribose C of the previous nucleotide.

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17
Q

Which of the ribose carbons carries the nitrogen base?

A

The 1’ C

18
Q

Why does the DNA polymerase require primase activity?

A

A 3’ hydroxyl group from an existing nucleotide must be present to form the phosphodiester bond.

19
Q

How does DNA move from cell to cell via conjugation?

A

DNA is shared by direct cell-to-cell contact

20
Q

How does DNA move from cell to cell via transduction?

A

Viral or bacteriophage vectors carry DNA from cell to cell.

21
Q

How does DNA move from cell to cell via transformation?

A

Fragmented or plasmid DNA enters cells from the surrounding environment

22
Q

After meiosis, games produced from diploid organisms are _____.

A

Haploid

23
Q

List the three processing steps undergone by messenger RNA

A

mRNA is capped during transcription and polyadenylated as part of termination. The transcript is further processed by splicing

24
Q

What is the function of polyadenylate polymerase?

A

It adds adenosine nucleoties to the 3’ end of mRNA

25
Q

The parts of the hnRNA that are translated into protein are the ______.

A

exons

26
Q

The intervening sequences that interrupt protein-coding sequences in hnRNA are _____.

A

introns

27
Q

A procedure for DNA digestion w/a restriction enzyme includes a final incubation set of 5 min at 95C. What is the likely purpose of this final step?

A

This step will inactivate the protein, preventing its activity in subsequent steps in the assay.

28
Q

What is a ribozyme?

A

RNA molecule that can metabolize other molecules like an enzyme

29
Q

What is the nonprotein prosthetic group for glycoprotein?

A

sugars

30
Q

What is the nonprotein prosthetic group for lipoprotein?

A

lipids

31
Q

What is the nonprotein prosthetic group for metalloprotein?

A

metal atoms

32
Q

Exosomes

A

Small vesicles that form by invagination and budding from the inside of cellular endosome vesicles and are secreted by living cells. They contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and can be collected by centrifugation.

33
Q

Automated DNA isolation systems use cartridges containing what

A

lysis, adsorption, and elution agents, and magnetic beads

34
Q

Chelex

A

cation-chelating resin that can be used for simple extraction of DNA from minimal samples

35
Q

Most abundant type of RNA

A

rRNA (80-90%)

36
Q

RNA on a gel

A

High-quality total RNA appears as two rRNA bands reprsenting large (28S) and small (18S) ribosomal RNA species

37
Q

Beer-Lambert law

A

Used to determine concentration from the absorptivity constants (

38
Q

What describes the two types of bacteriophages

A

Virulent or temperate

39
Q

Which technique can be used to detect epigenetic differences in a gene that is a biomarker for cancer?

A

Real-time PCR using primers that are complimentary to methylated or unmethylated DNA sequences.

40
Q

What are two common polymerizing agents used when casting a polyacryamide gel?

A

TEMED and APS

ASCP MB Exam (1 decks)

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