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Psychology PY2 > Asch (1955) CONTEXT AND AIMS > Flashcards

Asch (1955) CONTEXT AND AIMS Flashcards

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1
Q

What is conformity?

A

Copying majority group.

Following course of action favoured by majority.

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2
Q

Define majority influence:

A

Influenced by the way the majority think or act.

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3
Q

Define public compliance:

A

Someone alters their behaviour to conform.

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4
Q

Define private acceptance:

A

Someone alters behaviour and beliefs.

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5
Q

What did Jenness (1932) do?

A

Jelly bean jar.
Produce an estimate.
-results suggest an ambiguous situation.

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6
Q

How did Sherif use auto kinetic effect to investigate conformity?

A

Participants give estimate.
Group of 3- estimate again.
—–> influenced by others.

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7
Q

How did Sherif develop Jenness?

A

His participants changed estimate under own violition.

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8
Q

Asch’s criticism of Jenness & Sherif:

A

Experimenter bias.

Demand characteristics.

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9
Q

Asch’s reasons for studying conformity:

A
  • Jenness & Sherif was limited- measured formation of group norms.
  • lacked impact ( like ambiguous situations- no clear answers)
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10
Q

Asch’s main aim:

A

Investigate effects of group pressure ( in unambiguous situations)
When obvious incorrect answer would they conform or give independent answer.

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11
Q

Asch: Number of participants

A

123 male undergraduates from US colleges

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12
Q

Asch: Research method used

A

Controlled observation

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13
Q

Asch: IV

A

Confederates or not.

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14
Q

Asch: DV

A

If participant conformed or not

—-> number of errors

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15
Q

Asch: Procedure

A
  • 1 naive, 6-8 confederates.
  • two cards: 1 standard line, 3 comparison lines
  • report judgements. X18 (12 critical trials)
  • debriefed
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16
Q

What is a critical trial?

A

Confederates give obviously wrong answer.

17
Q

Standard line:

A

Comparison lines:

18
Q

Why was participant sat second to last?

A

Feel apart of the group.

Doesn’t know what last person will say.

19
Q

Why didn’t the confederates give away wrong answer on every trial?

A

Show they can be truthful.

20
Q

Variations of the baseline study (5)

A
  • size of majority
  • truthful partner
  • inaccurate partner
  • changes mind
  • partner leaves
21
Q

What is gradual majority influence?

A

Gradually increasing the size of majority to influence individual.

22
Q

What is degree of wrongness?

A

How obvious the wrong answer is

23
Q

Of all the critical trials ____ of responses were wrong.

____ were right.

A
  1. 8%

63. 2%

24
Q

_____ never gave wrong answer.

A

25%

25
Q

Variation: Size of majority

A

More confederates, more likely to conform

26
Q

Variation: Truthful partner

A

Reduce pressure to conform

27
Q

Variation: Inaccurate partner

A

Reduce pressure to conform.

Pressure of a dissenter increased

28
Q

Variation: changes mind

A

When confederate independent= naive independent.

Independent first 6 critical trials- then conformed

29
Q

Conclusions:

A

Strong tendency to conform (clear answer)

Bigger majority= more pressure

30
Q

What does the study tell us about resisting conformity?

A

Have confidence

‘Believe in own judgement’

31
Q

Evaluate methodology: lab experiment

Strength

A

Control extraneous variables- we know its the is causing the change in dv
Have standardised procedures makes it easy to replicate and check reliability

32
Q

Evaluate methodology: lab experiment

Weakness

A

Artificial environment- not natural behaviour
Lack ecological validity
A trivial task of no importance
—-> demand characteristics

33
Q

Evaluate methodology: Reliability

Larsen (1974)
Perrin & Spencer (1980)

A

Larsen- conformity levels lower than Asch

Perrin & spencer- 1/396 conformed- scientists

34
Q

Evaluate methodology: Validity

A

Feel they need to conform (obvious lines are different length)
- demand characteristics

35
Q

Comparison line task valid test of conformity?

A

Artificial lad- not true behaviour
Latane & Darley- smoke in room task more realistic
Trivial task

36
Q

How ecologically valid?

A

Not natural environment
Can’t generalise
Not true behaviour

37
Q

Saying answers out loud could affect conformity:

A

Personality

  • shy: conform
  • confident: independent
38
Q

Evaluate methodology: Sampling

A

Volunteer sample- more helpful
Show more demand characteristics- dont want to mess up results
biased- all males- can’t generalise

39
Q

Evaluate methodology: Ethical issue

A

Lied about aims- “vision experiment” Deception

Lie to make accurate

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