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Neuromuscular Physiology > Ascending + Descending Tracts 26 > Flashcards

Ascending + Descending Tracts 26 Flashcards

0
Q

Def. Nuclei

A

Cluster of nerve cells within the CNS

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1
Q

Def. Ganglia

A
  • structure containing nerve cell bodies outside (generally) of the central nervous system
  • mass of grey matter within the CNS (ie. Basal ganglia)
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2
Q

Def. # order neuron

A

Neuron location in particular order

1st 2nd 3rd….

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3
Q

Def. Tracts

A

Bundles of axons with common origin and common termination

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4
Q

Def. Fasciculus and lemniscus

A

Other terms for bundles of axons, specific tracts we talk about for ascending

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5
Q

Def. Ipsilateral

A

Same side of the body

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6
Q

Def. Contralateral

A

Opposite side of the body

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7
Q

Def. Decussation

A

Cross over of axons within CNS

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8
Q

Peripheral nervous system includes?

Purpose?

A

Spindles, GTOs, skin receptors, joint receptors, free nerve endings

  • involved in ascending tracts
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9
Q

Central nervous system components?

A

Brain, brain stem, cerebellum, spinal chord

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10
Q

The brainstem includes what components?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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11
Q

Spinal chord anatomy:

Grey matter contains?

A

Cell bodies
Inter neurons
Somatotopic organization

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12
Q

White matter contains?

A

Myelinated axons
Ascending and descending tracts
(White because it’s myelinated)

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13
Q

Ascending tracts are associated with?

A

Sensory system

- brings sensory info UP to brain

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14
Q

Descending tracts are associated with?

A

Motor system

- brings motor commands DOWN to muscles

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15
Q

Where is cerebral spinal fluid?

A

Flows through the central canal

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16
Q

Key feature of the medulla

A

Important location where a lot of tracts Decussate “cross over”
(Also contains nuclei)

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17
Q

Pons and midbrain

A

Part of the brainstem
A lot of nuclei that allow subconscious functions
(Breathing swallowing bladder control etc)

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18
Q

Cerebellum

A

“Integrator” of sensory information

- fine motor control and motor learning

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19
Q

Thalamus

A

‘Grand central station’
Deep within cortex
Many nuclei receive ALL sensory info: peripheral, visual, vestibular info
Transmits too all locations within the cortex
‘VPL’ ventral posteriolateral nucleus

20
Q

Central sulcus separates what parts of the brain?

A

Frontal and parietal lobes

21
Q

Dorsal column

A

Only ascending tracts
Most myelinated axons (fastest transmission)
Newer system (Proprioception, vibration, fine touch - evolved from older system ex. Pain)

22
Q

Anterolateral column of spinal chord

A 
Both ascending and descending tracts
Slower tracts (less myelinated)
Older system (crude touch, pain, temp)
23
Q

Name all ascending tracts (top to bottom)

A 
Fasciculus gracilis (lower limb)
Fasciculus cuneatus (upper limb muscles)
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
Ventral spinocerebellar tract
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Anterior spinothalamic tract
24
Q

Name all the descending tracts (brain down to periphery)

A 
Lateral corticospinal tract
Medullary reticulospinal tract
Pontine reticulospinal tract
Lateral vestibulospinal tract
Anterior corticospinal tract
25
Q

Descending motor output originates? Innervates? Modulates? Controls?

A
  • multiple brain systems and descends through multiple tracts
  • alpha gamma and inter neurons within the spinal chord
  • modulates spinal chord neural processing
  • controls voluntary & reflexive movement
26
Q

Corticospinal tract transmits? Associates with? Important for?

A
  • voluntary motor commands to motor neurons in SC
  • motor cortex associated with Contralateral muscles (axons Decussate to other side)
  • important in controlling skilled movements
27
Q

3 main descending tracts?

A

Corticospinal tract
Vestibulospinal tract
Reticulospinal tract

28
Q

3 main ascending tracts?

A

Medial leminscal system
Anterolateral spinothalamic tract
Spinocerebellar tract

29
Q

Pathway of the corticospinal tract

A 
Begins motor cortex M1
Through internal capsule
Partial decussation within medulla 
- 75-90% do (innervate limbs)
- 10-25% don't (innervate axial muscles)
30
Q

Reticulospinal tracts coordinates what type of movement?
Originates?
Direction of travel?
Terminates?

A
  • automatic movements (locomotion and posture)
  • originates in “reticular formation” (2 tracts- pons and medulla)
  • travels ipsilateral
  • terminate at all SC segments
31
Q

Difference between pontine reticulospinal tract and medullary reticulospinal tract?

A

Pontine
-medial
-excites ipsilateral extensor muscles (help support our weight)
Medullary
-lateral
-inhibits excitory axial muscles (help relax extensors)

32
Q

Vestibulospinal tract (VS tract) transmits?

A

Subconscious motor commands to extensor muscles to maintain balance

33
Q

Vestibular tracts signals are generated from where? Where do they go and how? What does it control?

A
  • signals generated within the vestibular system (accelerations)
  • transmitter to vestibular nuclei via the 8th cranial nerve
  • controls ipsilateral muscles
34
Q

Two vestibulospinal tracts are?

A

Medial VS tract
-controls neck muscles
Lateral VS tract
-descends directly to ipsilateral extensor muscles

35
Q

Ascending sensory pathways send what type of input?

A

Sensory input

36
Q

Ascending sensory pathways originates in?

A

Peripheral sensory receptors (first order neurons)

37
Q

Ascending sensory pathways ascend through what columns?

A

Dorsal column
- medial lemniscal system

Anterolateral column
- spinothalamic and spinocerebellar pathways

38
Q

Medial lemniscal system transmits what type of information?

A

Transmits proprioceptive, fine touch, and vibration info from peripheral receptors to somatosensory cortex

39
Q

Medial lemniscal system tracts ascend through

A

The dorsal column

40
Q

Key feature of the axons of the medial lemniscal system?

A

Axons are the most myelinated

Fastest conduction velocity

41
Q

Sensations from one side of the body of the medial lemniscal system associate with?

A

Contralateral somatosensory cortex

42
Q

Spinothalamic tracts transmit what signals? From where? To where?

A

Transmits pain, temp, and crude touch
From periphery
To areas within cortex

43
Q

Receptors on one side of the body from spinothalamic tracts associate with?

A

The somatosensory cortex

44
Q

What are the two spinothalamic tracts?

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract
-pain and temp

Anterior spinothalamic tract
-crude touch and pressure

45
Q

Spinocerebellar tracts transmits info from where? To where and why?

A

Information from the peripheral receptors (spindles! GTOs, skin etc)
To the cerebellum
For sensory integration

46
Q

Receptors from one side of the body of the spinocerebellar tract are associated with?

A

The ipsilateral cerebellum

47
Q

Path of the. Spinocerebellar tracts

A

Ascends in the lateral column via the dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts

Neuromuscular Physiology (8 decks)

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