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PARASITOLOGY - LECTURE > Ascaris > Flashcards

Ascaris Flashcards

1
Q

Common Name of Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

Giant Intestinal Roundworm

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2
Q

Disease type of Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

Human Ascariasis

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3
Q

2 separate population of Ascaris

A

Parasitic (Adult) & Ova (Environment)

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4
Q

Adult Morphology of Ascaris

A

● Largest and most common nematode.
→ Creamy white or pinkish-yellow when freshly expelled.
Anterior: Terminal mouth with trilobate lips
Genital ring – depression in the middle/center
body of female worm where vagina is located.

Looks like an Earthworm but with Creamy-White or Pinkish-Yellow color.

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5
Q

Difference of Male and Female Ascaris

A

→ Female: bigger, tapered at both ends.
→ Male: smaller, curved tail.

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6
Q

Fertilized OVA/EGGS morphology

A
  • Broadly ovoid, golden brown
  • Thick transparent shell w/ 3
    layers:
    a. Vitelline Membrane
    b. Glycogen Membrane
    c. Albuminous/ Mammillary
    coat
  • Inside: Organized Fine Granules
  • Undergo Development in Soil
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7
Q

Unfertilized OVA/EGGS morphology

A
  • Large, long, elongated &
    irregular in shape.
  • Thin shell w/ 2 layers:
    a. Glycogen Membrane
    b. Irregular coating of
    albuminous layer
  • Inside: Disorganized highly refractile ganules
  • No development in soil
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8
Q

Signification of Corticated and Decorticated

A

Decorticated – smooth wall; Corticated – rough wall

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9
Q

LIFE CYLE OF ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

A

Habitat - Small intestine
Infective Stage - Embryonated egg
Diagnostic Stage - Fertilized & unfertilized
Mode of Transmission - Ingestion
Portal of Entry - Mouth
Portal of Exit - Anus via feces
Responsible for SI - Adult stage
Responsible for organ Infections - Larval stage

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10
Q

Pathology due to Adult Worm

A
  1. Mechanical - Obstruction of Intestinal Tract
  2. Sporiative - Robbing off Host’s Nutrition
  3. Allergic Reaction - Metabolites of living/dead worms are toxic and immunogenic
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11
Q

Pathology due to Larval Migration

A

Lungs | Pneumonitis - resembles asthmatic attack with marked eosinophilia Ascaris pneumonitis of Loeffler’s Syndrome.

Severity of Lesions |
- Sensitivity to host
- Nutritional status of the
host.
- Number of migrating
larvae.

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12
Q

Erratic migration

A

Is a condition where Parasite found on unusual organs due to: Overpopulation and Use of underdose Drugs

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13
Q

Diagnosis of Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

● Finding eggs in feces, fertilized or unfertilized, by
a. Laboratory Diagnosis
b. Serodiagnosis
c. Imaging Method

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14
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis Techniques for finding eggs in feces.

A
  1. Direct Fecal Smear
  2. Kato-Thick
  3. Kato-Katz
  4. Concentration Technique
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15
Q

What is the reason why some Laboratory Diagnosis may show Negative Findings of the presence of OVA.

A
  • Worms are immature in the lumen.
  • Larval migration
  • Only male worms are present in intestine.
  • Extra-intestinal infection
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16
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis specifically for extra-intestinal infection

A

Serodiagnosis

17
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis technique for extra-cellular Ascariasis.

A

Imaging Method

18
Q

Treatment for Ascarisis

A
  1. Piperazine citrate
  2. Pyrantel pamoate
  3. Mebendazole
  4. Albendazole
  5. Levamisole
19
Q

A neuromuscular blocking medicine effective on parasite causing paralysis.

A

Piperazine citrate & Pyrantel pamoate

20
Q

Ascaris Epidemiology

A

● Distribution is cosmopolitan – both rural and urban.
● Prominent in both temperature and tropical zones.
→ Common in warm countries and prevalent where
sanitation is poor.
● Ascaris eggs are susceptible to desiccation.
● Ascariasis
→ Most common helminth infection worldwide.
o Estimated 1 billion individuals infected.
→ In PH, prevalence ranges from 80-90% in rural
areas and in poor & slum sections

21
Q

Ascaris found in Pigs

A

Ascaris suum

22
Q

Prevention (Ascaris)

A
  1. Health education
  2. Sanitary disposal of human excreta
  3. Proper personal hygiene
  4. Refrain from using human excreta as fertilizer
  5. Thorough cooking of food
23
Q

Control (Ascaris)

A
  1. Mass Treatment
    → Ideal but not practical due to high cost of
    antihelminthiases.
  2. Selective Treatment
    → Treats only those found positive for eggs after stool
    examination

PARASITOLOGY - LECTURE (3 decks)

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