ASA, NSAID, Acetaminophen Flashcards
Salicylates Uses and common drug
- Relieve pain by inhibiting prostaglandins
- They reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
- Reduce fever by stimulating the hypothalamus & producing peripheral blood vessel dilation & increase sweating
-Inhibit platelet aggregation by interfering w/ the production of thromboxane A2; can be used to increase blood flow during a MI & prevent an event such as a recurrent MI; antithrombotic
Aspirin (ASA)
Salicylates A/E
Toxicity -> Tinnitus, diaphoresis, HA, dizziness
Reye’s syndrome – when given to children w/ chicken pox or flu like symptoms
- People should avoid using salicylates for 6 weeks after getting varicella vaccine
Salicylate consideration/drug-drug interaction
: highly protein bound – can interact w/ many other protein-bound drugs by displacing those drugs from sites which they normally bind
: Increases the serum conc. Of the unbound active drug causing inc. pharmacologic effect
Which drug is contraindicated in children due to Reye Syndrome
Salicylates (ASA-aspirin)
Max daily dose of salicylates is ____grams
4
Stop ASA ____ to ____ days prior to surgery
5 to 7
Acetaminophen MOA
: thought to work in the CNS by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis & in the peripheral nervous system in an unknown way
Does not inhibit platelet aggregation
DOC for treat fever & flu like symptoms in children
Acetaminophen
Common sign of acetaminophen overdose?
Hypoglycemia
Max daily dose of acetaminophen is ____grams
4
Management of acetaminophen overdose
- Activated charcoal: Activated charcoal helps to soak up the APAP that is still in your stomach. Activated charcoal will make you vomit.
- Gastric lavage: Gastric lavage is also called having your stomach pumped. The healthcare providers clean out your stomach to get rid of the APAP.
- Emetics: Emetics are medicines that cause you to vomit.
- Acetylcysteine: Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is an antidote. If your body has already digested the APAP, it stops the effect of the overdose. It also prevents some of the problems caused by an overdose.
- Cimetidine: You may be given cimetidine or another stomach medicine to slow down the effects of APAP.
Nonselective NSAID MOA
- produce their effect by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis & cyclooxygenase activity; inhibit both isoenzymes of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2 which convert arachidonic acid into prostaglandins.
- COX-1 produced prostaglandins that maintain stomach lining
Inhibition leads to NSAID-induced GI toxicity - COX-2 produced prostaglandins that mediate inflammatory response
Inhibition alleviates pain & inflammation
- COX-1 produced prostaglandins that maintain stomach lining
Two common nonselective NSAID
Toradol and Ibuprofen
MOA of selective NSAID
prostaglandins produced by COX-2 are associated w/ pain & inflammation
Selective NSAIDS are COX-2 inhibitors -> alleviate pain & inflammation
Because selective -> fewer adverse effects such as GI distress
Only drug available for selective NSAID in US?
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
