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ASA Sailing > ASA 104 > Flashcards

ASA 104 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the required documents and procedures for customs and immigration when cruising to a foreign port of entry.

A

Required documents:
- Everyone’s passport and visas if required.
- boat’s documentation and the exit paperwork from the last country you visited
Procedures:
- Enter at official port of entry.
- Fly yellow Q flag at the starboard spreader and anchor or dock according to protocol.
- Check in with customs and immigration. Protocol may require captain only, or everyone.
- Once cleared in, haul down Q flag and raise courtesy flag on starboard spreader with no flag above.

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2
Q

Describe the symptoms and first aid treatment for heat exhaustion.

A

Symptoms: headache, cramping, pallor, fast weak pulse, profuse sweating.
First aid treatment: Lay the patient down, give plenty of water or sport drink, spray cool water or place wet sheets over him. Seek medical assistance if symptoms don’t abate quickly.

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3
Q

Describe the causes, prevention, and treatments for seasickness.

A

Triggers: Staying below decks, looking through binoculars, reading, strong unpleasant odors.
Prevention: anti-seasickness medication, plenty of rest, avoid greasy food, avoid alcohol, dress comfortably, stay hydrated.
Treatment: Sip water or soda, eat dry crackers, breathe deeply, stay above decks, scan the horizon. In severe cases, go below, lie down and sleep.

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4
Q

Describe the spare parts that should be on board for a one-week’s cruise.

A 
Raw-water impeller;  fuel filters;
alternator belt;  engine oil;
spare rope;   shackles;
Cotter pins and rings;
Sail repair tape.
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5
Q

Describe repair supplies that should be on board for a one-week cruise.

A

Duct tape; WD 40; Cable ties;
Multi-meter; Selection of short lines;
Dinghy pump.

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6
Q

Describe the tools that should be on board for a one-week cruise.

A

Screwdrivers; crescent wrench;
Hammer; rigging knife;
Pliers

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7
Q

Describe variables that affect fuel consumption and cruising range under power.

A
  • The engine’s fuel burn rate at a given rpm
  • Motoring into wind and waves
  • marine growth
  • how heavily loaded the boat is
  • opposing current
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8
Q

Describe how to calculate motoring range based on average fuel consumption.

A
  1. Range in hours = fuel capacity divided by the burn rate

2. Range in nautical miles = the range in hours times the boat’s speed in knots.

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9
Q

Describe the minimum daily water requirements for all personnel on board as well as methods to conserve fresh water.

A

Drinking water: Plan on one half gallon of drinking water per person per day. (Don’t drink the water from the tank.)
Tank water: plan on 5 gallons/person/day.

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10
Q

What methods can be used to conserve fresh water on board?

A

Conservation:

  • Pre-wash dishes with seawater.
  • Bathe in salt water with special seawater soap.
  • Wash deck with seawater
  • Note water levels in the log at regular intervals.
  • Fill water tanks at every opportunity and plan water stops.
  • Listen for the freshwater pump in case there is a leak.
  • Turn off the freshwater pump when not needed.
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11
Q

Describe safe galley procedures to minimize dangers such as fire, scalding, and spillage.

A
  • Check that the propane tanks are secure in their locker.
  • Be aware of where the fire extinguisher and fire blanket are located.
  • Avoid cooking under way.
  • Don’t lean on the gimbaled stove. Lock the gimbals when the boat is at rest.
  • When finished cooking, turn off the solenoid switch, let the gas burn out of the supply line, then turn off the burner, then close the valve to the supply tank.
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12
Q

What actions are to be taken in the event of a collision with another boat?

A
  1. Safety of the crew
    - Check they are all still on board. If not, plan and execute recovery operation.
    - If anyone is hurt, delegate a crew member to help him. In case of serious injury or damage, call for help immediately.
  2. Assess damage to the boat. If collision was with a floating or submerged object, look for possible holes below the waterline. If collision was with another boat, work with the other crew to prevent further damage to either vessel.
  3. Exchange names, contact numbers, and insurance information with the skipper of the other vessel.
  4. Call the charter company if required.
  5. Mitigate the damage to the best of your ability and if able, head for a safe harbor.
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13
Q

What precautions need to be taken when using the motor to back off from a grounding?

A
  1. Begin gently, and try not to stir up mud and silt as it can clog the engine’s raw water filter.
  2. Watch for the rudder as it can be damaged if aground. Sending crew to the bow may lift it.
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14
Q

If the boat ran aground and is taking on water, list one important thing to not do and one important thing to do.

A
  • Do not try to back off into deeper water.

- Call for help according to the degree of danger you feel the crew is in.

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15
Q

What actions are to be taken in the event of a fire?

A
  • Shout “fire! fire!”.
  • Get everyone on deck and into life jackets.
  • Shut off the electrical power.
  • Locate the fire.
  • Fight the fire.
  • Assess the situation.
  • If the fire threatens to get out of control, call Mayday and prepare to abandon ship.
  • If circumstances permit, shut off the engine’s fuel supply and close the valves on the propane tanks.
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16
Q

When using a fire extinguisher, think “PASS.” What does that stand for?

A 
P = Pull the pin.
A = Aim at the base of the fire.
S = Squeeze the trigger.
S = Sweep from side to side.
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17
Q

Describe power conservation measures and procedures to prevent running batteries down when anchored or moored overnight.

A

Conservation measures:

  • Turn off lights, remind others, use flashlights or headlamps, equip boat with LEDs.
  • Monitor battery levels and note voltages in log.
  • Charge daily.
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18
Q

Name four acceptable distress signals, per the USCG Navigation Rules and Regulations Handbook, which are appropriate for a recreational vessel.

A
  • Call Mayday by radio.
  • Fly the distress flag with and orange background and black ball and square.
  • Orange smoke by daytime.
  • Night flares.
  • S.O.S.
  • Parachute flare.
  • Wave arms.
  • Activate EPIRB.
  • others (see USCG book)
19
Q

Describe the action to be taken if the engine cooling water fails to flow.

A

Stop the engine and check the raw-water strainer for debris.

20
Q

Describe the information required and the procedure for tying a boat to a fixed dock in areas with a large tidal range.

A

Be informed by the local tide table and tidal range.
Establish a tide watch.
Tend the lines at regular intervals.
The greater the tidal range, the longer the spring lines, bow line, and stern line need to be.

21
Q

Describe the purpose and procedure for fore-and-aft anchors.

A
  • Useful when swinging room is limited.
  • Not advisable if you expect the wind to change.
    1. Set bow anchor and pay out extra rode.
    2. Drop a stern anchor.
    3. Take in excess rode on the bow anchor and pay out the stern rode as you move forward. The aim is to get both anchors set firmly.
22
Q

Describe the purpose and procedure for the forked moor.

A
  • Useful in heavy weather or when the seabed provides dubious holding.
  • Use two anchors from the bow with an angle of 45 to 60 degrees between them.
  • The wider the angle, the smaller the swing radius but the less the total holding power.
  • In a crowded anchorage take into account your reduced swing radius.
    1. Drop the first anchor and set it firmly.
    2. Motor forward to a position offset from the first by the same distance as the length of rode you let out.
    3. Drop the second anchor and set it on the same length of rode.
23
Q

Describe the purpose and procedure for the Bahamian Moor.

A
  • Two anchors off the bow placed at 180° angles
  • Use this technique when anchoring in a reversing current.
  • Set anchors in line with the current so they can alternate as single bow anchors when the current reverses.
  • Ensure that there is sufficient slack between the anchors so the slack rode doesn’t foul the keel and rudder.
24
Q

Describe the purpose and procedure for the Mediterranean Moor.

A
  • Purpose is to follow local custom of docking stern first.
    1. Study the scene first. Place fenders on stern and on sides as needed.
    2. Set up two stern lines led fair and ready to pass ashore.
    3. Maneuver to a point beyond where you want to drop the stern anchor. Get moving stern first in a straight line with enough speed to have steerage.
    4. From one boat length away begin snubbing the anchor rode to set the anchor, but don’t lock it.
    5. Use forward gear to stop the boat while crew passes stern lines ashore.
    6. Once lines are secured, take up slack in the anchor rode. Adjust rode and stern lines.
25
Q

Describe methods and potential dangers of rafting vessels at anchor.

A
  • Heaviest boat, with biggest anchor, anchors first. A single anchor is holding all the boats. There is a danger of the anchor dragging.
  • Request permission before rafting; ensure both crews are ready.
  • Boats tie alongside, alternating between port and starboard sides.
  • Use plenty of fenders and tie bow, stern, and spring lines to brace boats together.
  • Adjust spring lines to prevent masts from “fencing” when boats roll.
  • Be prepared to break up the raft at short notice.
  • Break up the raft before dark.
26
Q

Describe actions to be taken when the anchor is dragging.

A
  1. If you have room, let out more rode to give the anchor a chance to reset.
  2. If that doesn’t work, start the engine and prepare to raise the anchor so you can re-anchor.
  3. If the anchorage is crowded, put the crew on standby with fenders.
27
Q

Describe safe methods for towing a dingy.

A
  • Remove loose gear.
  • Tilt the outboard up.
  • Ensure towline is sturdy. If possible, use a bridle from the dinghy’s towing ring to the port and starboard quarters.
  • Lengthen or shorten the towline to keep the dinghy in step with waves or wake.
  • Shorten towline or bring dinghy alongside when picking up a mooring, anchoring, or docking.
  • Ensure that the towline doesn’t foul the prop esp. when yacht is under power in reverse.
28
Q

Describe safe methods for securing a dinghy.

A

When sailing on big water, hoist the dinghy on board and secure it on deck or in its davits.

29
Q

Describe flag etiquette when visiting another country.

A
  • The yacht flies her colors or national ensign from the stern to announce her country of documentation. It is flown from 0800 until sunset.
  • Once a vessel has cleared in, the Q flag is taken down and a small flag of the host country is flown at the starboard spreader as a courtesy flag.
  • The courtesy flag is flown at the top position and only in the host country’s waters.
  • Personal flags or guest’s national flags may be flown below the courtesy flag.
30
Q

What is the action to take upon hearing a Mayday call?

A
  1. Stay off the air and wait for search and rescue to respond.
  2. Listen carefully and record the details, especially the location, but stay off the air.
  3. If SAR do not respond, transmit a call using the words “Mayday relay.” You might end up relaying the distressed vessel’s call to the authorities.
  4. Meanwhile, plot on your chart the distressed vessel’s position, bearing, and distance from your location.
  5. If safe and reasonable, alter course toward it and continue to monitor; proceed with caution and assess how much assistance you might be able to provide.
  6. If you do alter course, advise SAR that you are doing so.
31
Q

What is the law in the United States regarding rendering assistance?

A

A master or individual in charge of a vessel shall render assistance to any individual found at sea in danger of being lost, so far as the master or individual in charge can do so without serious danger to the master’s or individual’s vessel or individuals on board.

32
Q

Explain the term “course.”

A

The direction of intended travel you plot on the chart.

33
Q

Explain the term “heading.”

A

This is the compass course that the helmsman steers. It is the course adjusted to compensate for leeway, current, and deviation.
“Heading” is also used for the direction the bow is pointing at any time.

34
Q

Explain the term “bearing.”

A

This is the direction from you to anything else. Bearings taken with a compass yield magnetic bearings (°M) .

35
Q

Explain the term “fix.”

A

To take a fix is to define the boat’s position relative to other objects that have known positions.

36
Q

Explain the term “line of position (LOP)”.

A

An LOP is a line connecting all the possible positions of the boat, based on a single observation. A fix is the intersection of two or more LOPs.

37
Q

Describe the sea breeze and land breeze dynamics and their effect on sailing conditions.

A
  1. A sea breeze occurs when warming conditions over land create a thermal low. Cooler denser air from over the water flows onshore to fill the onshore low.
  2. A land breeze can occur at night when the process is reversed. The land and the air above it cool more quickly than the ocean.
  3. The sailor needs to be aware that the sea or land breeze can diminish, add to, or even replace the synoptic wind.
38
Q

Identify conditions that may lead to the formation of radiation fog.

A

Radiation fog, also called valley fog, generally forms over land on clear nights with calm winds and typically in an area of high pressure. The land loses surface heat by radiation, cooling the moist air at its surface to the dew point or lower. Radiation fog can spill over onto adjacent water surfaces.

39
Q

Identify conditions that may lead to the formation of sea/ advection fog.

A

Sea fog forms when a layer of warm moist air flows over cold water. It is a type of advection fog because it requires some wind to carry the warm air over the cold surface. Sea fog can exist in moderate or even strong winds.

40
Q

Describe actions to be taken in fog or reduced visibility.

A

Before the fog descends:
- Take a visual fix and an electronic fix and plot them on the chart. Use the GPS plotter.
- Study chart to identify nearby hazards or objects.
- Plot a safe course to a safe harbor.
- Get away from major shipping lanes.
- Turn on navigation lights and hoist radar reflector.
- Consider anchoring until the fog lifts.
When the fog closes in:
- Slow down or stop.
- Make appropriate sound signals.
- Listen.
- Use the depth sounder in case you can follow a safe route along a depth contour.

41
Q

What is the rule of 15’s for wind warnings?

A

Small Craft Advisory: 20+ knots
Gale: 20 + 15 = 35+ knots
Storm: 35 + 15 = 50+ knots
Hurricane: 50 + 15 = 65+ knots

42
Q

Describe the actions to be taken in the event of a thunderstorm.

A
  • Reduce sail, take down the cockpit canvas, batten down the hatches.
  • Prepare for poor visibility, plot position on chart.
  • Send below any crew who are not essential on deck.
  • Turn off all non-essential electronic instruments at the electrical panel.
  • Avoid touching metal. Do not operate VHF radio.
  • If at anchor, watch for signs the anchor is dragging.
43
Q

What is the proper method for connecting shore power cables?

A

When connecting, plug into the boat end of the cable first.

When connecting, turn on the battery charger.

44
Q

What are the fundamental systems and components of a marine diesel engine?

A 
Fuel
Lubrication
Cooling
Exhaust
Drive train
Transmission
running gear (shaft coupling, prop shaft, stern tube, shaft seal, stuffing box
Electrical

ASA Sailing (3 decks)

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