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ASA 103 > ASA 103 > Flashcards

ASA 103 Flashcards

1
Q

A stainless-steel fitting on the bow of a boat to which the forestay and jib tack are attached, as well as the roller fairlead for the anchor rode.

A

Stemhead Fitting

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2
Q

A mechanical fitting attached to the lower ends of stays, which connects them to the chainplate, allowing for the standing rigging to be adjusted (tightened.)

A

Turnbuckle

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3
Q

Metal plate bolted to the hull of a boat to which standing rigging is attached.

A

Chainplate

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4
Q

A marine valve which opens and closes a hole through the hull for saltwater needed on board or for discharge.

A

Seacock

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5
Q

A group term for all gear used in anchoring a vessel: anchor, chain, rode.

A

Ground tackle

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6
Q

A winch used primarily for lifting and lowering an anchor.

A

Windlass

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7
Q

Federally required equipment for a 33-foot recreational vessel equipped with an inboard diesel engine.

A

Boat registration certificate and hull numbers.
PFDs: one per person (type I, II or III) + one type IV.
Visual distress signals for day: distress flag and/or 3 smoke flares.
Visual distress signals for night: 3 red night flares.
Fire extinguishers: 2 B-I or 1 B-II.
Sound producing device: air horn (hand-held or mouth-blown.)
Navigation lights: sidelights, stern light, masthead light.
Placards: “Discharge of Oil Prohibited” placard and a “MARPOL” placard (Marine Pollution.)
Marine Sanitation Device: type I, II or III.

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8
Q

Refueling procedure for a diesel engine using diesel fuel.

A

Most sailboats have diesel engines.
Locate the “diesel fill plate” on the deck. Open it with a winch or a special deck-plate key.
Check the signage on the fuel hose before dispensing: diesel!
Place a rag over the fuel nozzle to catch drips.
Insert the nozzle into the fuel fill.
Squeeze the trigger on the nozzle to start fueling. Start slowly to make sure the fuel tank’s vent is not blocked and can allow displaced air to escape.
Have someone call out the number of gallons pumped periodically.
Do not overfill–listen carefully for sound of filling up.
Withdraw the nozzle while holding the rag around it.
Return the nozzle to attendant. Wipe up any spills.
Dispose of rag properly.
Replace the cap in the fuel-fill plate.

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9
Q

Essential navigator’s tools.

A 
Compass.
Nautical charts. Chart No. 1.
Parallel rule.
Dividers.
Pencils.
Log book.
Depthsounder.
GPS receiver.
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10
Q

Light breeze: the wind forms small wavelets that bump against the hull. The apparent wind will be higher and you can make steady progress upwind, but will be slow downwind.

A

Wind speed-10 knots (Beaufort scale 3: wind 7-10 knots, wave height 2 ft.)

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11
Q

Fresh breeze: moderate size waves, wind begins to kick up spray. Sails should be reefed.

A

Wind speed-15 knots (Beaufort scale 4: wind 11-16 knots, wave height 3 ft.)

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12
Q

Strong breeze: large waves form, the white foam crests are more extensive, chance of spray.

A

Wind speed-25 knots (Beaufort scale 6: wind 22-27 knots, wave height 10 ft.)

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13
Q

Light air: ripples with the appearance of scales but without foam crests.

A

Beaufort scale 1: wind 1-3 knots.

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14
Q

Small craft advisory

A

Warning issued by the National Weather Service, most frequently in coastal areas. It is issued when sustained winds or frequent gusts are expected to be 22 to 33 knots or seas 5 to 7 feet or greater. A sailboat properly handled by an experienced crew can cope with such weather.

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15
Q

Gale warning

A

Warning of sustained surface winds or frequent gusts of 34 to 47 knots, predicted or occurring.

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16
Q

A line used to tension the luff of a sail by pulling down the boom at the gooseneck.

A

Downhaul or Cunningham

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17
Q

A line used to tension the foot of the mainsail.

A

Outhaul

18
Q

An item of running rigging, often a block and tackle, used to hold down the boom.

A

Boom vang

19
Q

Ways to reduce heeling

A
  1. Decrease the angle of attack. Steer closer to the wind (feather); ease the mainsheet or drop the traveler to leeward; ease the jib sheet.
  2. Use twist. On windward or close-reaching courses, add twist. Ease the mainsheet or vang, move the jib sheet lead aft. On a broad reach or run, remove twist: tighten the boom vang.
  3. Flatten the sails: tighten the halyards on both mainsail and jib; tighten the outhaul on the mainsail.
20
Q

Chord

A

Straight line from a leading edge of a sail (luff) to the trailing edge (leech) in the direction parallel to the direction of airflow.

21
Q

Depth of a sail

A

The perpendicular distance from the chord to the sail at that point (also called draft.)

22
Q

Chord-depth ratio

A

The maximum depth along the chord, expressed as a percentage of the chord length. A full sail has a higher chord-depth ratio than a flat sail, and it generates more power.

23
Q

Draft position

A

The location along a chord of the maximum depth of the sail.

24
Q

Angle of attack

A

The angle at which the wind strikes the chord.

25
Q

Twist

A

The difference between the angle of attack at the foot and at the head of the sail.

26
Q

Blanketed

A

Hidden by the wind, as when one sail is covered by the other.

27
Q

The deck connecting the hulls of a catamaran.

A

Bridgedeck

28
Q

A line fixed at both ends that spreads the force of another line, attached at its midpoint.

A

Bridle

29
Q

Nautical mile

A

6,076 feet. A knot is one nautical mile per hour. Interestingly, and for comparison’s sake, a mile is 5,280 feet, meaning wind speed measured in knots is 15% greater than measured in miles per hour.

30
Q

Heaving to

A

To set the sails in opposition so the jib is on one side and the mainsail on the other. This is achieved most often by tacking and leaving the jib sheet cleated on the new tack. Adjust mainsheet so boat is on a close reach. Adjust helm as needed and lash wheel so it can’t move.

31
Q

Navigation Rules 16,17 and 2.

A

These are all related. Rule 16 states the give way vessel must take early and substantial action to keep well clear of the stand on vessel. Rule 17 requires the stand on vessel to maintain course and speed. Rule 2 overrides these if a collision is imminent, requiring vessels to take whatever action necessary to avoid a collision.

32
Q

Navigation Rule 5

A

The Lookout Rule. This rule requires all vessels to maintain a proper lookout by sight and sound and all means available, at all times.

33
Q

Rule 18: Responsibilities between vessels

A

Establishes a hierarchy of privilege as follows:

  1. Boat not under command, unable to maneuver
  2. Restricted in ability to maneuver, such as dredges, tugboats towing another vessel. They are required to display special shapes or lights to advise other vessels of their status.
  3. Constrained by draft: such as large container ships
  4. Engaged in fishing
  5. Under sail
  6. Under power. This includes sailboats under power even if sails are up.
34
Q

Rule 9

A

Narrow channels: A vessel less than 20 meters in length shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within aa narrow channel or fairway.

35
Q

Security Zones

A

Do not approach within 100 yards of a naval vessel longer than 100 feet.

36
Q

Rule 10

A

Traffic separation schemes: A vessel operating in a traffic separation scheme is required to use the lane designated for its direction of travel–In most of the world, that means keep to the right and slower vessels to the right in that lane.
Rule 10 requires crossing a traffic lane at a right angle.
Sailboats are not required to use the separation scheme if an inshore zone is available. But if are using one, use appropriate lane and act as if you are in a narrow channel.

37
Q

three short blasts means

One short blast means

Two short blasts

A

Under both rules, three short blasts means I am operating stern propulsion. One short blast means, under International Rules, I am altering course to starboard; under Inland Rules, it means I intend to leave you to port. Two short blasts means (International Rules) am altering course to port, and (US Inland Rules) I intend to leave you on my starboard side.

38
Q

“I am unsure of your intent.”

A

Danger Signal “I am unsure of your intent.”

39
Q

Channel 13 on VHF

A

The channel used by most commercial vessels to communicate bridge to bridge.

40
Q

Rule 6

A

Requires every vessel to proceed at a safe speed, allowing, depending on conditions such as fog and limited visibility, traffic, etc., time and space needed to “take proper and effective action.”

41
Q

Sound signals in reduced visibility:

Signal under sail:

Signal under power:

A

Vessels under 12 meters (40 feet) not obliged to use horn but make some other efficient sound signal at not less than two minute intervals.
Signal under sail: One long blast followed by two short
Signal under power: One prolonged blast. Sailboat under power uses this signal.

42
Q

Towering, tall clouds with gray bottoms that can bring heavy rain, lightning, and tornados. Associated with cold front.

A

Cumulonimbus clouds

ASA 103 (1 decks)

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