AS91164 Structure/Bonding

Question 1

Lewis Structure

Answer 1

A model that uses electron-dot structures to show how electrons (lone and paired) are arranged in molecules. Pairs of dots or lines represent bonding pairs.

Question 2

Molecule

Answer 2

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 3

Ionic Solid

Answer 3

Solids composed of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attractions in a regular three-dimensional crystalline arrangement

Question 4

Metallic Solid

Answer 4

Solid in which the structural units are postitve metallic nuclei, held together by a sea of mobile negative electrons.

Question 5

Covalent Network

Answer 5

A 3-D arrangement of strong, directional covalent bonds between atoms that extends throughout the crystal

Question 6

Ion

Answer 6

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge obtained from losing or gaining electrons

Question 7

Atom

Answer 7

The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

Question 8

Ionic Bond

Answer 8

The attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 9

Metallic Bond

Answer 9

A bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the sea of valence electrons around them

Question 10

Covalent Bond

Answer 10

A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.

Question 11

Weak Intermolecular Forces

Answer 11

Van der Waals force - weak attractive force between molecules from dipole-dipole/induced dipole inetrations

Question 12

Halogen

Answer 12

One of the elements of Group 17 -(7 valence electrons) of the periodic table (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine); halogens combine with most metals to form salts

Question 13

Linear

Answer 13

Shape of a molecule, atoms in a straight line eg CO2

Question 14

Trigonal Planar

Answer 14

An arrangement of atoms in the VSEPR model where the three pairs of electrons are placed 120 degrees apart on a flat plane.

Question 15

Trigonal Pyramidal

Answer 15

A molecule in which four atoms are bound to a central atom, resulting in a tetrahedral shape; the atoms bonded to the central atom lie at the corners of a tetrahedron with 109.5° angles between them

Question 16

VSEPR

Answer 16

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory, stating that the three-dimensional molecular geometry about some central atom is determined by the electronic repulsion between its bonding and nonbonding electron pairs. Occupy optimal position for minimal repulsion.

Question 17

Polarity

Answer 17

A separation of electric charge in positive and negative reigions leading to a molecule having dipole

Question 18

Electronegativity

Answer 18

A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in a chemical bond

Question 19

Electrical Conductivity

Answer 19

The ability of a material to transfer electricity through a material. depends on the presence of moving charged particles

Question 20

Polar Molecule

Answer 20

A molecule that has a slightly positive and negative end due to intermolecular polar bonds/dipoles do not cancel

Question 21

Non-Polar Molecule

Answer 21

Substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution

Question 22

Solute

Answer 22

Substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution

Question 23

Solvent

Answer 23

Substance, usually liquid, that will dissolve another substance (the solute)

Question 24

Dipole

Answer 24

A separation of charge into positive and negative regions that occurs in a chemical bond because of differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms

Question 25

Metallic Bonding

Answer 25

Atoms arranged in a 3-d lattice structure in a sea of valence electrons

Question 26

Ductile

Answer 26

Ability to be drawn into a wire. depends on the presence of non-directional bonding