AS Synthetic routes

Question 1

alkane to haloalkane

Answer 1

X₂ (halogen), u.v. light

Question 2

haloalkane to alkene

Answer 2

KOH (potassium hydroxide), ethanol, reflux

Question 3

alkene to haloalkane

Answer 3

HX (hydrogen halide), 20^oC

Question 4

alkene to dibromoalkane

Answer 4

Br₂ water, 20^oC

Question 5

haloalkane to alcohol

Answer 5

warm NaOH (sodium hydroxide), water (aqueous), reflux

Question 6

alkene to alcohol

Answer 6

conc. sulfuric acid, then water OR steam + conc. phosphoric acid

Question 7

alcohol to alkene

Answer 7

conc. sulfuric acid, reflux

Question 8

primary alcohol to aldehyde

Answer 8

potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇), acid catalyst, distill immediately

Question 9

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

Answer 9

potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), acid catalyst, reflux

Question 10

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 10

potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), acid catalyst, distill immediately

Question 11

secondary alcohol to ketone

Answer 11

potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), acid catalyst, distill immediately